Recent development of dental implantology has taken an interest in the bone graft procedure. This is a review of literature, published from 1994 to November 1999. This study is provided by MEDLINE search. In this study, 718 patients received 829 graft with placing 2,677 endosseous implants. In mandible, nonvascularized or vascularized block bone grafts provided better results (success rate 95.2%) than particulate grafts(83.6%). But in maxilla, particulate grafts provided better results(93.7%, 86.2%) and more cases especially in sinus elevation. There were many cases using autogenous bone graft and revealed good results, but allogenic or alloplastic bone graft materials also were used by many surgeons.
Humans ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Transplants*

We applied arthroscopy in the diagnosis of thirty four patients with internal derangement of the knee from March to August, 1982. Its results were compared with clinical diagnosis and arthrographic findings. We also performed arthrofomy in twenty nine patients and the final diagnosis enabled us to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of each method. The accuracy of clinical diagnosis was 63.4%. Arthrographic findings were correct in 77.8%. The diagnostic accuracy of arthroscopy was 92.3% with one false negative case. Unnecessary operations were avoided in five patients with the assistance of negative findings of arthroscopy. Arthrography and arthroscopy were complementary in the diagnosis of internal derangement of the knee.
Arthrography ; Arthroscopy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Knee ; Methods

Reconstructive surgeries for old ligament injuries of the knee vary according to the site and nature of injury as well as the age, health, physical demand and cartilage condition of the patients. No single best procedure is present for any old ligament injuries, but the most adaptable technique should be applied according to accurate diagnosis and experiences of surgeon. We reviewed our experiences of several reconstructive surgeries for the 38 cases with chronic ligamentous instabilities and summarized as following. 1) The most prevalent age of the patients was the third decades and males were 5.3 times more common than females. 2) Traffic accidents was the most common cause. 3) Tear of anterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament appeared to be the most common injury. 4) Results at final follow up was not seemed to be affected by severity or location of ligament injury. 5) Intraarticular reconstruction without combined extraarticular reconstruction was not considered to be effective enough for anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee. 6) Although the number of cases was not large enough, we reviewed various reconstructive surgical techniques for comparison and evaluated the effects.
Accidents, Traffic ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Cartilage ; Collateral Ligaments ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Male ; Tears

No abstract available.
Rhizotomy* ; Scoliosis*

No abstract available.

TOF is a congenital cyanotic heart disease which has severe physiodynamic changes in the cardiovascular system. The anesthesiologist should be able to manage the anesthesia for open heart surgery, be aware of the operation procedure, and have knowledge and experience to cope with the unpredictable changes of the patient's condition during operation. One hundred open heart anesthesias have been performed in BNUH from July 1981 to August 1983, of which 17 cases of anesthesia for total correction of TOF were analyzed and the following results were obtained. 1) It was difficult to predict the prognosis for the patient after open heart anesthesia by the chest X-ray, echocardiogram or electrocardiogram. 2) Anesthesia were performed by the combination of halothane-N2O0morphine as the main anesthetic agents. 3) Postoperative complication were wound infection(4 cases, 14.3%), arrhythmia(3 cases, 10.7%), low cardiac output syndrome(3 cases, 10.7%) and cardiac arrest (3 cases, 10.7%). 4) In 7 cases of death, the causes of death were low cardiac output syndrome(3 cases, 43.9%), heart failure (2 cases, 28.5%), renal failure (1 case, 14.3%) and aneurysmal rupture (1case, 14.3%).
Anesthesia* ; Anesthetics ; Aneurysm ; Cardiac Output, Low ; Cardiovascular System ; Cause of Death ; Electrocardiography ; Heart ; Heart Arrest ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Rupture ; Thoracic Surgery ; Thorax ; Wounds and Injuries

Various classifications of congenital anomalies of the extremities and spine have been proposed and are in use. Some are based on anatomy, some on embryology, presumed etiology, or therapeutical approach. An ideal classification would help better understanding and treatment of various kinds of congenital anomalies. It should be simple, logical, and broad enough to include most of the congenital anomalies with minimal confusion. In this paper, we are proposing a functional classification of congenital anomalies of the extremities and spine based upon the concept that development of each organ is processed by differentiation and modulation according to the genetically determined information and by control mechanism at particular moment. We classified congenital anomalies into structural failure where quality of certain tissue is abnormal and functional failure where control mechanisms failed to regulate organogenesis. We divided structural failure into generalized and localized form while we divided functional failure into differentiation and modulation failures. Differentiation failure was subdivided as either forrnation failure or segmentation failure. Formation failure, segmentation failure, and modulation failure were specified according to the timing of failed inhibition and topography.
Classification ; Embryology ; Extremities ; Logic ; Organogenesis ; Spine

We had replaced 159 hips in 130 patients with cementless porous-coated AML porsthesis at Kwang Ju Christian Hospital between April 1987 and Feb. 1992. Among them, 100 cases(80 patients) could be analyzed clinically and radiologically with an average follow-up of 38.5 months(range 10 months to 74 months). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships of initial fit, follow up stability and clinical results. The results were as follows. 1. The average postoperative Harris hip score was 90 points(preop. 42) at the follow-up of 1 year or more, the pain score 41 points(preop. 15). 2. When the surgical fit of stem was achieved properly, fixation by bone ingrowth could be expected. Simultaneously adequate fit of acetabular cup provided stable fixation. 3. The incidence of thigh pain was high in patients with an unstable implant of stem and the hip pain was more common in group of a definitely unstable cup. 4. Stress shielding was seen in 44 cases(44%). Of the 44 cases, 38 cases(86%) revealed in bone ingrowth. In conclusion, this study showed good clinical result of THR using AML prosthesis at the average follow-up of 38.5 months and it seemed to be influenced by initial fit significantly. But long-term follow-up is needed for accurate clinical and radiological evaluation.
Acetabulum ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gwangju ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prostheses and Implants ; Thigh

STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective study analyzing the clinical results of various surgical methods for the treatment of delayed posttraumatic kyphosis. OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study are to define the risk factors of delayed postraumatic kyphosis and to establish a rational therapeutic guideline for the treatment of established kyphosis. METHODS: Sixteen cases of surgically treated delayed posttraumatic kyphosis were analyzed. Their initial injuries were burst type in 10, flexion-distraction in 5 and uncertain in l. Initial treatments were conservative in 10 and surgical in 6. Treatments for established kyphosis were posterior fusion in 2, anterior fusion in 5, combined anterior-posterior fusion in 9. Anterior decompression was carried out in 5 treated with anterior fusion and in 4 treated with combined anterior-posterior fusion. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 2.7 years. The mean preoperative kyphosis of 28.6。 was reduced to 18.5。 (35.3% correction) with most pronounced correction in the group with combined anterior and posterior stabilization(44.8% correction). Early loss of correction averaged 2.7。 (18.5%) with least loss in the combined anterior-posterior group. Neurological improvement was related to the duration of the symptoms(P < 0.05). Back pain was improved in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracolumbar fractures with initial three column injuries or those rendered unstable by laminectomy are highly susceptible to development of delayed posttraumatic kyphosis; Combined anterior and posterior fusion offered the most satisfactory result in correction and stabilization of the deformity; Neurologic improvement was more pronounced with shorter duration of the symptoms.
Back Pain ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Decompression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Laminectomy ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Several cases of pulmonary air embolisms during surgery have been reported. However, such incidences are very rare during endoscopic surgeries. A 5-year-old boy with third ventricular arachnoid cyst and hydrocephalus underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy under the general anesthesia, during which continuous intraventricular irrigation was maintained with normal saline. During the procedure, arterial and transcutaneous oxygen tension and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension became suddenly decreased while arterial carbon dioxide tension increased. Within 3 minutes after the inspired gas mixture was changed to 100% oxygen, the patient's respiratory variables returned to near base line. The second attack occured about 10 minutes later and decreased arterial oxygen tension with increased arterial carbon dioxide tension continued for about 5 minutes. After waking up from anesthesia, the patient suffered a generalized seizure attacks that was managed with anticonvusant therapy. We believe that we are the first to report an attack of pulmonary air emblism during brain endoscopic procedure. It was reported with the review of literatures.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arachnoid ; Brain ; Carbon Dioxide ; Child, Preschool ; Embolism, Air* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Incidence ; Male ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Seizures ; Ventriculostomy*