The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education program and pamphlet for the lower grades elementary students focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System. Program consisted of four lessons (40 min/lesson), "5 major nutrients & function", "6 food group and sources", "daily needed food exchange units for normal body weight", and "smart snack choice and exercise". Pamphlet as activity book was developed for the program. The subjects were 3rd grade elementary students (educated group, 31 vs. non-educated group, 31). Educated group were lessoned as group and/or individual. We examined the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary intakes and satisfaction of the program and pamphlet. In educated group, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge score "function and foods of 5 nutrients" and on dietary attitudes "type of breakfast and snacks". In the evaluation of dietary intakes according to KDRI, there were positive improvements on intakes level of riboflavin, vit. C, folate, Ca, P, Fe and Zn in educated group. In satisfaction with the program and pamphlet, contents, font size, visual, figure, difficulty and program curriculum were over 2.90/3.0. It showed that the developed nutrition education program and pamphlet focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake level in the lower grades elementary students.
Breakfast ; Curriculum ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Pamphlets ; Riboflavin ; Snacks

No Abstract Available.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of a capsular tension ring (CTR) on the tilting and decentration of intraocular lenses (IOLs) after cataract surgery. METHODS: Cataract surgery was performed on both eyes of twenty patients ranging from 57 to 75 years old. Forty eyes were divided into two groups based on whether or not a CTR (Lucid Korea, Korea) was implanted. Each patient received a CTR in one eye. All IOLs (MA60BM, Acrysof R , Alcon) were implanted into the capsular bag after a continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis smaller than the optic size of the IOL, and phacoemulsification was performed. The extent of tilting and decentration of the IOLs were measured with the EAS-1000 anterior eye segment analysis system at 7, 30, and 60 days after surgery. RESULTS: IOL decentration decreased to a statistically significant extent in the eyes implanted with both IOL and CTR, versus those with IOL only. The values of CTR+IOL group were: 0.38+/-0.16 mm at 7 days, 0.43+/-0.15 mm at 30 days, and 0.42+/-0.17 mm at 60 days. The IOL-only group values were: 0.49+/-0.11mm at 7 days, 0.53+/-0.14 mm at 30 days, and 0.57+/-0.16 mm at 60 days. IOL tilting also decreased significantly in the IOL+CTR group compared to the IOL-only group. The CTR+IOL values were: 2.22+/-0.46 degrees at 7 days, 2.36+/-0.50 degrees at 30 days, and 2.47+/- 0.40 degrees at 60 days. The IOL-only group values were: 3.14+/-0.65 degrees at 7 days, 2.91+/-0.67 degrees at 30 days, and 3.06+/-0.56 degrees at 60 days. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the CTR reduces undesirable post-surgical movement of the IOL for at least 60 days.
Aged ; Anterior Eye Segment ; Capsulorhexis ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Korea ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Phacoemulsification

OBJECTIVES: Many chronic schizophrenics are suffered from treatment-refractory hallucinations. As a countermeasure, the combined use of neuroleptics and benzodiazepines has been studied. In this context, the authors tried to evaluate the anti-hallucinatory effect of neuroleptics-clonazepam combination therapy. METHODS: At first, the authors described 3 cases of chronic schizophrenics who reported alleviation of hallucinations, which are resistant to neuroleptic treatment, after adding clonazepam. And then, prospective open study including 6 female chronic schizophrenic inpatients having neuroleptic-refractory hallucinations was done. In addition to existing psychiatric medication, these patients were treated with clonazepam 1.5 mg for 6weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. The psychopathology was assessed by the items of hallucinatory behavior and anxiety/tension of PANSS and BPRS. Clinical improvement was defined by fall-off of the hallucinatory behavior below the moderate level. The side effects were assessed by UKU Side Effect Rating Scale. RESULTS: All patients completed 6 weeks' trial. At the end of 6 weeks, 2 (33.3%) of 6 patients showed decrement of the hallucinatory behavior below the moderate level, when evaluated by PANSS and BPRS. However, the courses of anti-hallucinatory effect were different in these 2 patients. Another one patient showed that the hallucinatory behavior assessed by BPRS fell to the moderate level, but not when assessed by PANSS. The item of anxiety/tension was unchanged in all 6 patients. Except very mild sedation in one patient, there was no side effect. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that neuroleptics-clonazepam combination therapy is effective against treatment-refractory hallucinations in some schizophrenics and generally safe.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Benzodiazepines ; Clonazepam* ; Female ; Hallucinations* ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Prospective Studies ; Psychopathology ; Schizophrenia

OBJECTIVE: Whereas fusion with pedicle screw fixation has shown satisfactory clinical results, solid fusion has been reported to accelerate degenerative changes in adjacent unfused levels. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of bone/ligament/bone integrity after subtotal or total laminectomies on the development of adjacent segment instability (ASI). The hypothesis that total laminectomy would increase ASI more than would subtotal laminectomy was analyzed. Material and METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 316 patients who were treated with posterior fusion and pedicle screw fixation between 1996 and 2001. After attempts to review all 316 patients and radiologic files, 36 patients who were diagnosed with ASI were carefully reviewed, including follow-up periods of 2-8 years. The medical records were carefully reviewed for recurrence of low back pain or neurologic symptoms after a period of postoperative relief, and the radiologic files were evaluated to determine instability. All patients had undergone single-level or multilevel instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion for intractable pain related to degenerative conditions of the spine. RESULTS: Patients over the age of 60 were at a higher risk of developing clinical ASI however,fusion length, level and gender were not associated with ASI. The ASI was noted to occur most commonly in the cranial segment prior to fusion. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed more frequent ASI after total laminectomy than after subtotal laminectomy, especially in elderly patients. The ideal procedure will be one combining maximal canal and foraminal decompressions with minimal resection of bony structures and supporting ligaments.
Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Ligaments ; Low Back Pain ; Medical Records ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Pain, Intractable ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine

In July 2012, philometrid nematodes were discovered in cultured rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) in Cheonsuman (Bay), the Republic of Korea. The nematodes were detected in the epithelial tissues of the rockfish and were identified as Clavinema mariae based on morphological studies using light and scanning electron microscopy. They revealed the characteristics same as previously identified C. mariae, notably having a long body with narrow posterior half, no caudal projection, a cylindrical-shaped esophagus, a well-developed anterior bulbous part of the esophagus, cephalic papillae, and a dorsal esophageal gland. This is the first confirmation of C. mariae infection in rockfish in Korea.
Esophagus ; Korea ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Republic of Korea*

Mucormycosis is a rare, fulminating, opportunistic fungal infection that occurs almost exclusively in immunocompromised hosts such as patients with diabetes, leukemia, lymphoma. These fungi are ubiquitous in nature, and can be found on decaying vegetation and in the soil. So they are relatively frequent contaminants in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Recently the incidence of mucormycosis is rising associated with the increasing use of immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics. Though mucormycosis is frequently fatal, there has been a significant improvement in the outcome by early diagnosis and aggressive treatment. Mucormycosis can be categorized as rhinocerebral, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, widely disseminated and miscellaneous; gastro-intestinal involvement is extremely rare. We report a patient with gastric mucormycosis who had diabetes mellitus and alcoholic hepatitis. His chief complaint was an epigastric pain, and the gastroscopy showed huge multiple ulcers, coated with exudates. The histologic examination revealed multiple broad, nonseptate hyphae with right angle branchings, diagnosed as mucormycosis.
Alcoholics* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Early Diagnosis ; Exudates and Transudates ; Fungi ; Gastroscopy ; Hepatitis, Alcoholic* ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Immunocompromised Host ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Incidence ; Leukemia ; Lymphoma ; Mucormycosis* ; Soil ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the survival differences between curative stage IV and non-curative stage IV gastric cancers after gastrectomy. METHODS: Stage IV gastric cancer patients who received gastrectomy were selected from our surgical data-base from 1995 to 2004. These patients were separated into two groups according to the curability by surgery. We analyzed the survival differences between curative stage IV patients and non-curative stage IV patients. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: During a 10-year period, gastrectomy was performed in 2,214 patients. 224 patients were diagnosed as stage IV. 144 patients were male and 80 patients were female. 97 patients received total gastrectomy. 127 patients received subtotal gastrectomy. 173 patients were diagnosed with curative stage IV and 51 patients were non-curative stage IV. Overall 3-year and 5-year survival rates of stage IV gastric cancer patients in this study were 31.5% and 18.4%. 3-YSR of curative and non-curative stage IV were 36.0% and 16.7% respectively (P-value=0.0204). 5-YSR of curative and non-curative stage IV was 21.9% and 4.2% (P-value=0.0169). CONCLUSION: Significant survival differences were found between curative and non-curative stage IV. Although direct tumor extension or distant metastasis exists, gastrectomy with combined resection was important to improve prognosis if it is possible to resect. When it comes to the matter of survival rate, the subclassification of stage IV gastric cancer should be considered for further management.
Female ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Survival Rate

An anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery(Bland-White-Garland syndrome) is a rare congenital malformation and sometimes fatal. It is caused by an abberant endothelial budding from or an anomalous division of the truncus arteriosus. Echocardiography (transthoracic and transesophageal) and angiographical imaging are essential for the diagnosis of this anomaly. Corrective Surgery is recommended due to its fatal natural course. A case was diagnosed in a 45-year-old man who presented with intermittent palpitation. This patient was successfully treated with closure of anomalous left coronary artery orifice combined with right saphenous vein graft anastomosis.
Bland White Garland Syndrome ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Saphenous Vein ; Transplants ; Truncus Arteriosus

Traumatic tricuspid insufficiency(TI) is a relatively uncommon disorder. We experienced a case in which traumatic TI was suspected by history and the diagnosis was confirmed nonivasively by 2-D echocardiography with Doppler technique. Tricuspid valve in this case showed flail anterior leaflet during systole and Doppler echocardiography demonstrated the presence of tricuspid insufficiency.
Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Systole ; Tricuspid Valve