The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education program and pamphlet for the lower grades elementary students focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System. Program consisted of four lessons (40 min/lesson), "5 major nutrients & function", "6 food group and sources", "daily needed food exchange units for normal body weight", and "smart snack choice and exercise". Pamphlet as activity book was developed for the program. The subjects were 3rd grade elementary students (educated group, 31 vs. non-educated group, 31). Educated group were lessoned as group and/or individual. We examined the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary intakes and satisfaction of the program and pamphlet. In educated group, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge score "function and foods of 5 nutrients" and on dietary attitudes "type of breakfast and snacks". In the evaluation of dietary intakes according to KDRI, there were positive improvements on intakes level of riboflavin, vit. C, folate, Ca, P, Fe and Zn in educated group. In satisfaction with the program and pamphlet, contents, font size, visual, figure, difficulty and program curriculum were over 2.90/3.0. It showed that the developed nutrition education program and pamphlet focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake level in the lower grades elementary students.
Breakfast ; Curriculum ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Pamphlets ; Riboflavin ; Snacks

No Abstract Available.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of a capsular tension ring (CTR) on the tilting and decentration of intraocular lenses (IOLs) after cataract surgery. METHODS: Cataract surgery was performed on both eyes of twenty patients ranging from 57 to 75 years old. Forty eyes were divided into two groups based on whether or not a CTR (Lucid Korea, Korea) was implanted. Each patient received a CTR in one eye. All IOLs (MA60BM, Acrysof R , Alcon) were implanted into the capsular bag after a continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis smaller than the optic size of the IOL, and phacoemulsification was performed. The extent of tilting and decentration of the IOLs were measured with the EAS-1000 anterior eye segment analysis system at 7, 30, and 60 days after surgery. RESULTS: IOL decentration decreased to a statistically significant extent in the eyes implanted with both IOL and CTR, versus those with IOL only. The values of CTR+IOL group were: 0.38+/-0.16 mm at 7 days, 0.43+/-0.15 mm at 30 days, and 0.42+/-0.17 mm at 60 days. The IOL-only group values were: 0.49+/-0.11mm at 7 days, 0.53+/-0.14 mm at 30 days, and 0.57+/-0.16 mm at 60 days. IOL tilting also decreased significantly in the IOL+CTR group compared to the IOL-only group. The CTR+IOL values were: 2.22+/-0.46 degrees at 7 days, 2.36+/-0.50 degrees at 30 days, and 2.47+/- 0.40 degrees at 60 days. The IOL-only group values were: 3.14+/-0.65 degrees at 7 days, 2.91+/-0.67 degrees at 30 days, and 3.06+/-0.56 degrees at 60 days. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the CTR reduces undesirable post-surgical movement of the IOL for at least 60 days.
Aged ; Anterior Eye Segment ; Capsulorhexis ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Korea ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Phacoemulsification

OBJECTIVES: Many chronic schizophrenics are suffered from treatment-refractory hallucinations. As a countermeasure, the combined use of neuroleptics and benzodiazepines has been studied. In this context, the authors tried to evaluate the anti-hallucinatory effect of neuroleptics-clonazepam combination therapy. METHODS: At first, the authors described 3 cases of chronic schizophrenics who reported alleviation of hallucinations, which are resistant to neuroleptic treatment, after adding clonazepam. And then, prospective open study including 6 female chronic schizophrenic inpatients having neuroleptic-refractory hallucinations was done. In addition to existing psychiatric medication, these patients were treated with clonazepam 1.5 mg for 6weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. The psychopathology was assessed by the items of hallucinatory behavior and anxiety/tension of PANSS and BPRS. Clinical improvement was defined by fall-off of the hallucinatory behavior below the moderate level. The side effects were assessed by UKU Side Effect Rating Scale. RESULTS: All patients completed 6 weeks' trial. At the end of 6 weeks, 2 (33.3%) of 6 patients showed decrement of the hallucinatory behavior below the moderate level, when evaluated by PANSS and BPRS. However, the courses of anti-hallucinatory effect were different in these 2 patients. Another one patient showed that the hallucinatory behavior assessed by BPRS fell to the moderate level, but not when assessed by PANSS. The item of anxiety/tension was unchanged in all 6 patients. Except very mild sedation in one patient, there was no side effect. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that neuroleptics-clonazepam combination therapy is effective against treatment-refractory hallucinations in some schizophrenics and generally safe.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Benzodiazepines ; Clonazepam* ; Female ; Hallucinations* ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Prospective Studies ; Psychopathology ; Schizophrenia

OBJECTIVE: Whereas fusion with pedicle screw fixation has shown satisfactory clinical results, solid fusion has been reported to accelerate degenerative changes in adjacent unfused levels. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of bone/ligament/bone integrity after subtotal or total laminectomies on the development of adjacent segment instability (ASI). The hypothesis that total laminectomy would increase ASI more than would subtotal laminectomy was analyzed. Material and METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 316 patients who were treated with posterior fusion and pedicle screw fixation between 1996 and 2001. After attempts to review all 316 patients and radiologic files, 36 patients who were diagnosed with ASI were carefully reviewed, including follow-up periods of 2-8 years. The medical records were carefully reviewed for recurrence of low back pain or neurologic symptoms after a period of postoperative relief, and the radiologic files were evaluated to determine instability. All patients had undergone single-level or multilevel instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion for intractable pain related to degenerative conditions of the spine. RESULTS: Patients over the age of 60 were at a higher risk of developing clinical ASI however,fusion length, level and gender were not associated with ASI. The ASI was noted to occur most commonly in the cranial segment prior to fusion. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed more frequent ASI after total laminectomy than after subtotal laminectomy, especially in elderly patients. The ideal procedure will be one combining maximal canal and foraminal decompressions with minimal resection of bony structures and supporting ligaments.
Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Ligaments ; Low Back Pain ; Medical Records ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Pain, Intractable ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine

In July 2012, philometrid nematodes were discovered in cultured rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) in Cheonsuman (Bay), the Republic of Korea. The nematodes were detected in the epithelial tissues of the rockfish and were identified as Clavinema mariae based on morphological studies using light and scanning electron microscopy. They revealed the characteristics same as previously identified C. mariae, notably having a long body with narrow posterior half, no caudal projection, a cylindrical-shaped esophagus, a well-developed anterior bulbous part of the esophagus, cephalic papillae, and a dorsal esophageal gland. This is the first confirmation of C. mariae infection in rockfish in Korea.
Esophagus ; Korea ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Republic of Korea*

Mucormycosis is a rare, fulminating, opportunistic fungal infection that occurs almost exclusively in immunocompromised hosts such as patients with diabetes, leukemia, lymphoma. These fungi are ubiquitous in nature, and can be found on decaying vegetation and in the soil. So they are relatively frequent contaminants in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Recently the incidence of mucormycosis is rising associated with the increasing use of immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics. Though mucormycosis is frequently fatal, there has been a significant improvement in the outcome by early diagnosis and aggressive treatment. Mucormycosis can be categorized as rhinocerebral, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, widely disseminated and miscellaneous; gastro-intestinal involvement is extremely rare. We report a patient with gastric mucormycosis who had diabetes mellitus and alcoholic hepatitis. His chief complaint was an epigastric pain, and the gastroscopy showed huge multiple ulcers, coated with exudates. The histologic examination revealed multiple broad, nonseptate hyphae with right angle branchings, diagnosed as mucormycosis.
Alcoholics* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Early Diagnosis ; Exudates and Transudates ; Fungi ; Gastroscopy ; Hepatitis, Alcoholic* ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Immunocompromised Host ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Incidence ; Leukemia ; Lymphoma ; Mucormycosis* ; Soil ; Ulcer

BACKGROUND: Axillary osmidrosis causes significant emotional distress and embarrassment. Although numerous surgical procedures have been developed for the treatment of axillary osmidrosis, there is no decisively effective one. OBJECTIVE: This paper is to assess the efficacy and safety of suction-assisted cartilage shaver with the use of fibrin glue to treat axillary osmidrosis. METHODS: 18 axillary osmidrosis patients were treated with suction-assisted cartilage shaver followed by injection of fibrin glue. The effectiveness of the treatment used in this study was evaluated by measurement of axillary malodor both pre- and postoperatively. Patient satisfaction was surveyed as well. RESULTS: The postoperative test demonstrated that there was remarkable decrease in axillary malodor. Of the 18 patients, 17 patients (94.4%) expressed positive satisfaction. Complications including postinflammatory hyper-pigmentation (27.8%), hematoma and skin necrosis (5.6%), scar (5.6%), infection (5.6%) and hidradenitis suppurativa (2.8%) were reported. CONCLUSION: The use of suction-assisted cartilage shaver with fibrin glue proved itself an effective and safe treatment for axillary ormidrosis.
Cartilage ; Cicatrix ; Fibrin ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Hematoma ; Hidradenitis Suppurativa ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Patient Satisfaction ; Skin

Infantile hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors that commonly occur in infants. The management of hemangiomas ranges from simple observation and assurance to surgical resection. The commonly used treatment modalities include topical, intralesional and systemic steroids, pulsed dye laser and surgical excision. There are several reports of infantile hemangiomas treated with direct percutaneous injections of sclerosing agents such as ethanol, polidocanol or ethanolamine oleate. We report here on a case of infantile hemangioma that was treated with ethanolamine oleate by dermal injection. We think this is the first report of a dermal injection of ethanolamine oleate, and not intraluminal injection, for treating infantile hemangioma.
Ethanol ; Ethanolamine ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Infant ; Lasers, Dye ; Oleic Acid ; Oleic Acids ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Sclerosing Solutions ; Sclerotherapy ; Steroids

Objectives : Recently, several attempts have been made to use repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with various stimulation frequencies as a novel treatment for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, findings about the efficacy of rTMS in treating OCD have been inconsistent. In the present study, we evaluated the clinical effect and safety of low frequency rTMS on the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the treatment of refractory OCD. METHODS : Twenty-four patients with treatment-refractory OCD received a daily treatment of 20 minutes low frequency rTMS (1 Hz) to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with power of 100% of motor threshold, for 15 days. Clinical status was evaluated using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) at baseline, at the end of the rTMS treatment (3 weeks), and 4 weeks after finishing the rTMS treatment course. RESULTS : After 3 weeks treatment with low frequency rTMS, Y-BOCS, HAMA and CGI-S scores were significantly decreased. CONCLUSION : The present study found that low-frequency rTMS on the right prefrontal cortex for 3 weeks showed significant therapeutic effects in patients with OCD. Further controlled trials are indicated to assess the efficacy of rTMS in the treatment of OCD.
Anxiety ; Humans ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation