No abstract available.
Malaria*

No abstract available.
Thrombocythemia, Essential*

PURPOSE: To develop optimal microbubble contrast agents (MBCAs) for performing ultrasound microscopy when examining small animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prepared three types of MBCAs. First, a mixture of three parts of 40% dextran and one part of 5% human serum albumin were sonicated with perfluorocarbon (PFC) (MB1-D40A5P). Second, three parts of 40% dextran and one part of 1% human serum albumin were sonicated with PFC (MB2-D40A1P). Third, all parts of 1% bovine serum albumin were sonicated with PFC (MB3-A1P). We measured the microbubbles' sizes and concentrations with using image analysis software. The acoustic properties of the microbubbles were assessed both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: The majority of the MB1-D40A5Ps had a diameter of 2-5 um, the mean diameter of the MB2-D40A1Ps was 2.5 um, and the mean diameter of the MB3-A1Ps was less than 2.0 um. Among the microbubbles, the MB1-D40A5Ps and MB2-D40A1Ps showed increased echogenicity in the abdominal vessels, but the duration of their contrast effect was less than 30 sec. On the contrary, the MB3-A1Ps exhibited strong enhancement in the vessels and their duration was greater than 120 sec. CONCLUSION: A microbubble contrast agent consisting of all parts of 1% serum albumin sonicated with PFC is an effective contrast agent for ultrasound microscopy.
Acoustics ; Animals ; Contrast Media* ; Dextrans ; Humans ; Microbubbles* ; Microscopy* ; Microspheres ; Serum Albumin ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; Ultrasonography*

Several blood dyscrasias associated with clozapine have been well known to clinicians and potentially life threatening agranulocytosis has been widely reported. However, there is little report regarding incidence, progression and associated features of eosinophilia associated with clozapine. In clinical studies, the onset of eosinophilia usually occurs artier 3 to 5 weeks of treatment and rarely were cases fatal with medical complication. We report the first case of severe eosinophilia, bilateral pleural effusion, asicites, hepatitis and cholecystitis associated with clozapine that would be fatal. Eosinophilia occurred after 19 days of treatment with clozapine and all the clinical conditions improved along with interruption of clozapine treatment. It is suggested that eosinophilia may be more severe side effort than has ether been known and close hematologic monitoring should be done during early treatment of clozapine.
Agranulocytosis ; Ascites* ; Cholecystitis ; Clozapine ; Eosinophilia* ; Ether ; Hepatitis* ; Incidence ; Pleural Effusion*

Patients who have repaired cleft lip and palate generally undergo restriction of maxillary growth. Concave facial profile is often exhibited with relatively normalized mandible. Horizontal and sagittal deficiency of the maxilla could cause anterior and posterior crossbites. In growing patients, orthodontic and orthopedic treatment is acceptable with maxillary expansion and protraction. However, surgical approach has to be accompanied with orthodontic treatment in skeletally matured patients. We used SARPE and BSSRO to expand the constricted maxilla and retract the mandible in a patient who had cleft palate repaired in infancy. Through SARPE, orthodontic treatment and BSSRO, we sufficiently expanded the maxillla and improved facial profile.
Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Orthopedics ; Palatal Expansion Technique ; Palate

Patients who have repaired cleft lip and palate generally undergo restriction of maxillary growth. Concave facial profile is often exhibited with relatively normalized mandible. Horizontal and sagittal deficiency of the maxilla could cause anterior and posterior crossbites. In growing patients, orthodontic and orthopedic treatment is acceptable with maxillary expansion and protraction. However, surgical approach has to be accompanied with orthodontic treatment in skeletally matured patients. We used SARPE and BSSRO to expand the constricted maxilla and retract the mandible in a patient who had cleft palate repaired in infancy. Through SARPE, orthodontic treatment and BSSRO, we sufficiently expanded the maxillla and improved facial profile.
Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Orthopedics ; Palatal Expansion Technique ; Palate

This report was designed to investigate a rare case that brachialis tear and hematoma caused by acute elbow posterior dislocation. We studied a 20-year-old male patient with right elbow joint pain after outstretched injury. Physical examination showed instability of hright elbow joint and simple radiography indicated a posterolateral dislocation of right elbow joint. Computed tomography taken after closed reduction using Parvin technique revealed a few small bone fragment located on posterior humerus capitulum. Magnetic resonance imaging showed complete tear of brachialis and anterior articular capsule with hematoma. The patient was managed with long arm splint and hinge brace for an elbow dislocation with brachialis rupture and hematoma. The elbow joint range of motion was recovered to be in a normal range, and pain was diminished. There are few reported cases of acute elbow posterior dislocation combined with brachialis rupture and hematoma. The patient showed good clinical outcome after conservative treatment.
Arm ; Braces ; Dislocations* ; Elbow Joint ; Elbow* ; Hematoma* ; Humans ; Humerus ; Joint Capsule ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Radiography ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Reference Values ; Rupture ; Splints ; Young Adult

Colonoscopy is frequently used for lower GI tract screening tests. Although rare, splenic injury may develop in the high-risk patients on anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents. A 78-year-old female visited our hospital complaining of chest pain. She had taken antihyperlipidemic and antiplatelet agent with hyperlipidemia and 20%-stenosis in the left anterior descending artery. She was taken polypectomy after colonoscopy 4 years ago. The next day, after a follow-up colonoscopy for polypectomy, she complained epigastric and left upper abdominal discomfort. Pain intensity was not high, but next day, epigastric pain was increased, so coronary angiography was performed 2 days later using anticoagulants. Coronary angiography showed 40~50%-stenosis in the left anterior descending artery. Another antiplatelet agent was added. After 72 hours on colonoscopy, her pain was localized upper left abdominal area. Abdominal CT showed intracapsular bleeding in the spleen with a small amount of hemoperitoneum in the pelvis. Since her vital signs were stable, she was treated with conservative management. Her pain improved and discharged. One month later, she was taken Abdominal CT. CT showed the size of intracapsular fluid collection in the spleen was increased, but the whole fluid collection was liquidized. 2 weeks later, follow-up sonography showed the size of fluid collection conspicuously was reduced. The case reported herein is a splenic Injury after Colonoscopy in patient on antiplatelet agents.
Aged ; Anticoagulants ; Arteries ; Chest Pain ; Colonoscopy* ; Coronary Angiography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemoperitoneum ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ; Mass Screening ; Pelvis ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Spleen ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vital Signs

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether verbal and spatial working memory functions were impaired not only in patients with schizophrenia but also in people at ultra-high risk for first-episode psychosis. METHODS: Twenty-five patients (M 13, F 12) with schizophrenia (SPR), 21 people at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR)(M 10, F 11) and 19 normal controls (NC)(M 10, F 9) were recruited. The working memory was assessed by using the verbal and spatial n-back test. The working memory load increased incrementally from the 0-back to the 3-back condition. RESULTS: SPR performed significantly lower than NC and UHR in terms of hit rates of verbal and spatial n-back test. UHR subjects conducted significantly lower than NC and higher in trend-level than SPR in terms of hit rates of verbal and spatial n-back test. These differences were derived from the high working memory load (2-back and 3-back), not from the low working memory load (0-back and 1-back). There was no significant difference between the verbal and spatial n-back test across the three groups. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that verbal and spatial working memory dysfunction may be general rather than differential in terms of stimuli modality, and this working memory deficit may be an important trait factor in schizophrenia.
Humans ; Memory, Short-Term ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of urologic cancer in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1998 and December 2002 the Korean Urologic Oncology Society (KUOS) decided to evaluate the incidence of Korean urologic cancer. The URO-DMS data obtained by 86 training hospital was analyzed. First, the disease code was simplified; for example, renal cell carcinoma (C64), and thereafter, evaluated for incidence and prevalence, etc. RESULTS: A total of 35,480 patients were newly diagnosed over this period. Bladder cancer was the most common (42.9%) urologic cancer, followed by prostate (26.4%), kidney (22.4%), ureter (3.7%), renal pelvis (3.0%), testis (2.8%), penile (0.2%), urethral (0.1%) and scrotal cancers (0.1%). Male patients outnumbered the females by a ratio of 4.4:1. The incidence rates per 100,000 males for prostate and testicular cancers were 7.73 and 0.81, respectively. The incidence rates per 100,000 persons for bladder, renal, ureter and renal pelvis cancers were 6.36, 3.30, 0.55 and 0.44, respectively. Cancers of the prostate and kidney increased rapidly, but the others increased steadily. CONCLUSIONS: It is hoped that these results would contribute to cancer research and control of cancers in Korea.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Female ; Hope ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Kidney Pelvis ; Korea* ; Male ; Prevalence ; Prostate ; Testicular Neoplasms ; Testis ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urologic Neoplasms*