1.Response of Hypothalamic Hypophyseal Hormones to Stimulation and Lesion in the Thalamus and Hypothalamus.
Chang Rak CHOI ; Se Ki KANG ; Jin Un SONG
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 1978;7(2):341-348
Plasma levels of growth hormone(GH), luteinizing hormone(LH) and cortisol were determined by radioimmunoassay following radiofrequency(RF) stimulation or coagulation of various nuclei in thalamus and hypothalamus. RF stimulation or coagulation of many nuclei in thalamus and hypothalamus consisted of pulvinar and dorsomedial nucleus in thalamus and anterior and posterior hypothalamic nuclei in hypothalamus. Anterior thalamic stimulation resulted in highly significant increase of plasma LH, GH, cortisol and TH levels. However thalamic stimulation resulted no change in the level of various plasma hormones. Hypothalamic lesion produced significantly decreased plasma LH, GH and cortisol levels. Plasma cortisol and LH levels were highest 2 hours after stimulation while GH levels did not increased until 6 hours and TH until 72 hours respectively after stimulation. The significant difference in latency for beginning of hormone secretion suggests that GH, cortisol and LH may be controlled by several separate neuronal networks. Plasma GH and cortisol levels were lowest 72 hrs after coagulation of the anterior hypothalamic area, while GH, cortisol and LH levels did not change following stimulation or coagulation of posterior hypothalamic nucleus and thalamic nucldi. It was also noted that the anterior hypothalamic stimulation or coagulation caused increased or decreased in GH, cortisol, and LH than that observed from stimulation or coagulation of other hypothalamic and thalamic nuclei respectively.
Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus
;
Hydrocortisone
;
Hypothalamus*
;
Lutein
;
Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus
;
Neurons
;
Plasma
;
Pulvinar
;
Radioimmunoassay
;
Thalamic Nuclei
;
Thalamus*
2.Expression of nm23 Protein in Breast Carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study.
Sang Yong SONG ; Je G CHI ; Se Hwan HAN ; Kuk Jin CHOE
Korean Journal of Pathology 1995;29(4):469-477
To elucidate a possible prognostic factor, we studied 91 cases of breast carcinoma for the expression of n-tn23 protein using an immunohistochemical method, and compared these results with the known prognostic parameters of the breast carcinoma. The mn23 protein was intensely stained in the cytoplasm and/or the nucleus of carcinoma cells in 82 cases(90.1%). There were two patterns of cytoplasmic staining; heterogeneous pattern and homogeneous pattern. Among the positive cases, 43 cases(47.2%) were heterogeneous while 39 cases(42.8%) were homogeneous. Axillary lymph node metastases(p<0.005) was found more frequently in the heterogeneous pattern group(79.0%) than in the homogeneous pattern group(41.0%). There was no significant correlation between nm23 protein expression and other parameters such as patient age, tumor size, estrogen receptor, histopathologic grade, and p53 overexpression. Although axillary lymph node metastasis was correlated with the disease free status(p<0.0005) and patient survival (p<0.05), they showed no correlation with nin23 expression. Multivariate analysis showed that axillary lymph node metastasis was the only prognostic indicator(p<0.05), and the expression of nm23 protein was of borderline significance. The results suggest that the homogeneous and/or granular cytoplasmic expression of mn23 protein plays a role in the suppression of nodal metastasis in breast carcinoma and might contribute in predicting patient survival.
Neoplasm Metastasis
3.Postoperative Sore Throat and Hoarseness : Influence of the Method of Anesthesia Induction and Time for Extubation.
Se Jin JUNG ; Yong Soon LIM ; Seong Hoon KO ; He Sun SONG
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 1997;33(6):1159-1163
BACKGROUND: Tracheal intubation for general anesthesia often leads to trauma of the airway mucosa, resulting in postoperative sore throat and hoarseness. Numerous studies have investigated the factors as contributing causes, but the influence of method of anesthesia induction and time for extubation of the endotracheal tube has not been systematically examined. The aim of this study was to establish the effects of the methods of anesthesia induction and timing of extubation on postoperative sore throat and hoarseness. METHODS: Eighty patients with ASA physical status 1 or 2 were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 patients (n=20) recieved succinylcholine 1.0 mg/kg for intubation and early extubated ; group 2 patients (n=20) recieved succinylcholine 1.0 mg/kg for intubation and lately extubated ; group 3 patients (n=20) recieved pancuronium 0.1 mg/kg for intubation and early extubated ; group 4 patients (n=20) recieved pancuronium 0.1 mg/kg for intubation and lately extubated. All patients were interviewed 6, 24, 48, and 72 hrs after operation by an anesthesiologist in a double-blind manner. RESULTS: The incidence of sore throat at postoperative 6 and 24 hrs were decreased in group 3 compaired with group 1, 2, and 4 (p<0.05), respectively. The severity of sore throat at postoperative 6 hrs were decreased in group 3 compared with group 1, 2 and 4 (p<0.05), and that of postoperative 24 hrs were decreased in group 3 compared with group 1 and 2 (p<0.05), respectively. The severity of hoarseness at postoperative 6 hrs were decreased in group 3 compared with group 2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that postoperative sore throat and hoarseness may be developed more when extubation was perfomed lately than early. Therefore, early extubation provide advantage in terms of reducing sore throat and hoarseness in limited cases of anesthesia.
Anesthesia*
;
Anesthesia, General
;
Hoarseness*
;
Humans
;
Incidence
;
Intubation
;
Mucous Membrane
;
Pancuronium
;
Pharyngitis*
;
Succinylcholine
4.Atelectasis during general anesthesia in the low birth weight infant.
Jee Young LEE ; Ho Kyung SONG ; Hae Jin LEE ; Se Ho MOON
The Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine 1992;7(1):57-61
No abstract available.
Anesthesia, General*
;
Humans
;
Infant, Low Birth Weight*
;
Infant, Newborn
;
Pulmonary Atelectasis*
5.The Effects of Gait Training with Partial Weight Bearing Harness on Treadmill in Early Stroke Patients.
Sun Hong SONG ; U Hyeon SONG ; Jong Yoon YOO ; Se Jin YOON
Journal of the Korean Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine 2003;27(5):653-660
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of partial weight bearing (PWB) harness with comparison of traditional exercise program by gait analysis in non-ambulatory acute stroke patients. METHOD: Nine patients participated with PWB harness on the treadmill, and nine patients with traditional exercise. In harness group, the gait training with 30% weight reduction was offered on treadmill, they were treated daily and gait training was done for 20 minutes. In no-harness group, traditional gait training was done by physical therapists. Variables were gait parameters assessed by VICON 370 Gait Analyzer, other function tested by Motricity Index and Functional Ambulatory Category. RESULTS: In linear parameter, the harness group had faster gait speed, longer stride length, and more decreased double support time compared to the no-harness group. In kinematic parameters, the maximal flexion of knee was significantly increased in harness group, but no significant differences was in hip and ankle motion. In kinetic parameters, hip flexion moment of normal side was increased in harness group at heel strike phase, knee flexion moment of normal side was decreased in harness group at heel strike phase. CONCLUSION: The gait training with partial weight bearing harness was more effective in acute stroke patients than traditional therapy, and was influenced in gait pattern, functional ability.
Ankle
;
Gait*
;
Heel
;
Hip
;
Humans
;
Knee
;
Physical Therapists
;
Strikes, Employee
;
Stroke*
;
Weight Loss
;
Weight-Bearing*
6.A Case of Cardiac Arrest due to Drug Interaction between Halothane and Aminophylline: A case report.
Yoo Song KWEON ; Se Jin JUNG ; Jun Rae LEE ; Young Jin HAN
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 1998;35(3):579-582
Although halothane is generally anesthetic of choice for asthmatics due to its bronchodilatory action, its combined use with aminophylline should be discouraged. This report is a 43-year-old male who had primary closure and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) for facial avulsion injury and zygomatic tripod fracture under N2O-O2-halothane anesthesia. About 90 minutes after the procedure, the patient who had aminophylline infusion for an acute bronchospasm developed a sudden cardiac arrest. The immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation was applied and the patient was recovered without any neurological deficit. At the time, the serum theophylline concentration of the patient was 16 microgram/ml which was in the range of normal therapeutic dose. The cause for this cardiac arrest by halothane is unknown, but possibly a drug interaction between halothane and aminophylline might have contributed, since halothane sensitizes the heart to exogenous catecholamines.
Adult
;
Aminophylline*
;
Anesthesia
;
Bronchial Spasm
;
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
;
Catecholamines
;
Death, Sudden, Cardiac
;
Drug Interactions*
;
Halothane*
;
Heart
;
Heart Arrest*
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Theophylline
8.A Case of Isolated ACTH Deficiency Manifestated by Atrial Fibrillation and Hypoglycemia.
Won Seob KIM ; Ki Se LEE ; Sun Kyung SONG ; In Suk SEO ; Soo Jin CHOI ; Dong Yoon KIM
Journal of Korean Society of Endocrinology 1998;13(4):646-651
Isolated ACTH deficiency is a rare cause of secondary adrenocortical insufficiency caused by the defect of synthesis or release of ACTH in pituitary gland. The clinical presentation can be simiilar to that of primary adrenal insufficiency, but there is a greater tendency for hypoglycemia and absence of hyperpigmentation. The patient, 80 year-old female, was admitted in chief complaint of deteriorated mental states. On admission, serum sodium was 127mEq/L, potassium 4.4mEq/L, blood glucose 27mg/dL and on routine E.C.G. was atrial fibrillation was revealed. The basal morning serum cortisol level was 9.97 pg/dL it dosent respond to insulin-induced hypoglycemia enoughly, but other pituitary functions were intact in pituitary cocktail stimulation test. In CRH stimulation test, there was no remarkable response in serum ACTH and cortisol level. Brain MRI failed to reveal any anatomic abnormalities of the sellar or suprasellar area consistent with the defect of pituitary ACTH secretion. This case was a isolated ACTH deficiency, So, we conclude that associated with atrail fibrillation and hypoglycemia.
Addison Disease
;
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone*
;
Aged, 80 and over
;
Atrial Fibrillation*
;
Blood Glucose
;
Brain
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Hydrocortisone
;
Hyperpigmentation
;
Hypoglycemia*
;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
;
Pituitary Gland
;
Potassium
;
Sodium
9.Malignant Schwannoma arising from Neuroflbromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease): A Report of Three Cases in the Spine.
Soon Taek JEONG ; Hae Ryong SONG ; Kyung Hoi KOO ; Hyung Bin PARK ; Sung Jin HA ; Se Hyun CHO
Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery 1998;5(2):320-325
STUDY DESIGN: Authors experienced three cases of malignant schwannoma arising from multiple neurofibromatosis and invading the vertebrae. OBJECTIVE: To report treatment results and preventive idea in three cases of malignant schwannoma transformed from neurofibromatosis within the retroperifoneal area and invading the vertebrae. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The patients with neurofibromatosis are clearly at increased risk to develop the malignant schwannoma. A review of Korean literature revealed no such cases. RESULTS: The first case presented in the L4 body and was treated by surgical excision and chemotherapy, but she expired due to secondary metastasis in six months after diagnosis. The second case was treated by diagnostic biopsy and chemotherapy with adriamycin, ifosfamide, DTIC, mesna. He eventually lived for 14 months. After a diagnostic biopsy, the third case died due to lung metastasis before we could begin the treatment. CONCLUSION: We recommend that neurofibromatsis patients be regularly followed-up and if necessary, CT examination of spine or abdomen should be done. If a malignant schwannoma is detected, then early treatment can be started.
Abdomen
;
Biopsy
;
Dacarbazine
;
Diagnosis
;
Doxorubicin
;
Drug Therapy
;
Humans
;
Ifosfamide
;
Lung
;
Mesna
;
Neoplasm Metastasis
;
Neurilemmoma*
;
Neurofibromatoses
;
Spine*
10.The Cardiovascular Responses and Recovery Patterns According to the Anesthetic Methods during Suspension Laryngoscopic Procedures.
Seong Wan BAIK ; Inn Se KIM ; Sang Wook SHIN ; Jin Ho SONG
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 1998;34(5):961-966
BACKGROUND: Anesthetic techniques for laryngeal microsurgery aims on modulation of sympathetic stimulation, good relaxation and rapid recovery from deep anesthesia. This study was designed to compare the influence of the different anesthetic methods on the cardiovascular responses and the recovery patterns during suspension laryngoscopic surgery. METHOD: Sixty patients of ASA class 1 or 2 scheduled for suspension laryngoscopic surgery were divided into 4 groups randomly. Two groups were anesthetized with inhalational anesthetic, enflurane, and other two groups were anesthetized with intravenous anesthetic, propofol. In each groups, esmolol or fentanyl was used as an adjunctive during anesthesia. When blood pressures increased above 30% of baseline value each adjunctive was added. The changes of blood pressure and heart rate were compared with each others during operation. Postoperatively, the start of spontaneous respiration, consciousness, memory, and the frequencies of other complications were also compared with each others. RESULT: The results were as follows; 1) The blood pressures and heart rates during operations were not different among the groups. 2) The recovery of spontaneous respiration was early in propofol esmolol group. 3) 30 minutes after operation, the consciousness state was better and complications were less in propofol groups compared with enflurane groups. CONCLUSION: From this results, it seems that propofol with nitrous oxide and supplemental fentanyl or esmolol may be useful in laryngeal microsurgery. Especially, esmolol can be a good substitute for those who can't be treated with opioids.
Analgesics, Opioid
;
Anesthesia
;
Blood Pressure
;
Consciousness
;
Enflurane
;
Fentanyl
;
Heart Rate
;
Humans
;
Laryngoscopy
;
Memory
;
Microsurgery
;
Nitrous Oxide
;
Propofol
;
Relaxation
;
Respiration