This study is to determine the biomechanical characteristics of Korean adults. Male 32 and female 28 were participated for the measurement which was performed by immersion method and reaction board method. Body segments were head with neck, trunk, upper arm, forearm, hand, thigh, leg and foot. Their volumes were measures by immersion method. Their weight were determined by using Dempster (1955), Drills and Contini (1969) density data. Each COM (center of mass) of body segment weight were determined by specific posture on the reaction board. The postures were asked to the subject total arm-lifted posture, forearm-lifted posture, total leg-lifted posture, leg-lifted posture. According to each posture, the COM of each segment were calculated. Also, center positions of mass according to posture change were estimated. The results were compared with cadaver data from Dempster (1955), Cluaser (1969), Matsui (1958) which are applied very often and also bio data from Lim (1994) and Jung (1993) on Korean adults.
Adult* ; Arm ; Cadaver ; Female ; Foot ; Forearm ; Hand ; Head ; Humans ; Immersion ; Leg ; Male ; Methods ; Neck ; Posture ; Thigh

No abstract available.
Factor VIII* ; Hemophilia A* ; Humans

Genes encoding sequence-specific DNA binding proteins have been isolated by screening cDNA libraries constructed in rgt11 expression vector with recognition site DNAs. We isolated a rgt11 recombinant human cDNA clone, designated to C2, using a DNA probe consisted of heptamer of the perfect palindrome (PP; GGGGATTCCCC) of enhancer A (Enh A) of HLA dass I promoter. Sequencing analysis showed that this clone contained a partial cDNA homologous to NF-kB2. Lysogenic E. coli containing the C2 was generated and crude cell extract was prepared. Immunoblot using anti-B-galactosidase antibody showed that this lysogenic E. coli expressed B-galactosidase fusion protein. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and DNase I footprinting assay were done using crude cell extract and their patterns were compared with nuclear protein extracted from an EBV transformed B lymphoblastoid cell line (BLCL). EMSA showed that crude cell extract prepared from E. coli lysogen speci5cally bound to the PP of Enh A region of HLA class I gene. DNase I footprinting assay showed that the binding sequence of this recombinant B-galactosidase fusion protein was identical to that of nuclear protein extracted from a BLCL. Our data indicate that a Agt11 recombinant cDNA clone was isolated from a human cDNA library using the PP of Enh A of the HLA class I promoter and this clone encoded a B-galactosidase fusion protein capable of binding to the PP and belongs to a NF-xB subunit.
Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; Deoxyribonuclease I ; DNA ; DNA, Complementary* ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Gene Library ; Genes, MHC Class I ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans* ; Mass Screening ; Nuclear Proteins

This is an autopsy case of a 6 month old girl who suddenly died of respiratory distress during sleep. She had suffered from mild but frequent episodes of common cold and was treated for eczema for several days. At autopsy, the heart was enlarged and weighed 100 gm. A firm and gray-white tumor, measuring 4.5 x 3.8 x 2.8 cm, was located in the interventricular septum and encroached upon the wall of left ventricle. The mass was well demarcated but was not encapsulated. Neither necrosis nor calcification was present. Microscopically the tumor was composed of haphazardly arranged bundles of collagen fibers and fibroblasts. Myocardial cells are intermingled with the fibroblasts at the margin of the tumor. Massive edema of the lung and congestion of the liver and spleen were pronounced.

The present study was undertaken to investigate serum carboxyhemoglobin levels in smokers according to the amount of cigarrettes. many studies have shown definite and consistent relations between smoking and ischemic heart disease. The purpose of this study is to show that COHb levels can be used to discriminate between persons having certain ischemic heart disease and persons without these disease more accurately than is possible by using smoking history alone, and thus to suggest that this may be a good indicators of risk. The results of this study are as follow : 1) The incidence of ischemic heart disease in smoker is higher than that in non-smoker. 2) For a given COHb level there is no clear increasing trend in the population of affected subjects with increasing cigarette consumption and there is no significant change cigarette consumption under duration of 10 year's smoking history. 3) For a moderate and a heavy smoking categories there is a consistent effect of an increasing proportion of affected subjects as the COHb level rises and there is a significant change with COHb level under duration of 10 year's smoking history. 4) The same results are as over duration of 10 year's history. 5) There were no significant interaction between under duration of 10 year's smoking history and over duration of 10 year's smoking history. In conclusion, it seemed that cigarette smoking may play an important factor in development of ischemic heart disease by increasing serum carboxyhemoglobin level.
Carboxyhemoglobin* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Myocardial Ischemia* ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Products

Subcutaneous emphysema is a complication of the pneumoperitoneum necessary to perform laparoscopy and will be seen more often as laparoscopic techniques are applied to a growing number of intraabdominal procedures. We report a case of subcutaneous emphysema and hypercarbia without pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which was treated by multiple puncture with 18G needle on emphysematous site. The suspected cause is inadvertent subcutaneous insufflation of carbon dioxide through the trocar sites by increased intra-abdominal pressure for the establishment of pneumoperitoneum. Immediate recognition, evaluation, and treatment of subcutaneous emphysema is necessary since this can be life-threatening complication.
Carbon Dioxide ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Insufflation ; Laparoscopy ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Needles ; Pneumoperitoneum ; Pneumothorax ; Punctures ; Subcutaneous Emphysema* ; Surgical Instruments

Ureteral duplication is the most common developmental abnormality of the upper urinary tract. The upper pole ureter is often associated with a ureterocele and the lower pole ureter, the V-U reflux. A case of bilateral double collecting system associated with bilateral ureteroceles in a 6-month old Korean male is presented with review of literature.
Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Ureter ; Ureterocele* ; Urinary Tract

OBJECTIVES: This study compared foot arch height, plantar fascia thickness, a range of motion assessments of the ankle joint, strength of the ankle joint, plantar pressure, and balance between obese and normal weight young adults. METHODS: Fifty-two participants were required for the present study design to achieve 80% power, 0.8 effect size (η2), and an alpha level of 0.05. The participants were categorized to normal weight or obese groups based on BMI (≤ 24 kg/m2 and ≥ 25 kg/m2, respectively). The foot and ankle disability index and Sport survey were completed by the participants before the measurements. Foot arch height was measured using the navicular drop test, and plantar fascia thickness was measured using ultrasound. Plantar pressure and balance tests were also conducted, followed by ankle joint range of motion and strength tests. RESULTS: Foot arch height and plantar fascia thickness was significantly higher in the obese group compared with the normal weight group (p < 0.01). There were significant differences in eversion of ankle strength, plantar pressure in the big toe and heel and anterior-posterior balance between normal and obese weight groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Obese young adults had more abnormalities in the medial longitudinal arch, plantar fascia, and plantar pressure as well as weakened ankle eversion strength and balance problems compared with the normal weight group.
Ankle ; Ankle Joint ; Body Mass Index ; Fascia ; Foot ; Hallux ; Heel ; Humans ; Obesity ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Sports ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Intestinal ischemia remains a devastating event despite improvements in clinical recognition and in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. The ischemic bowel diseases encompass a wide clinical spectrum from mild, reversible disease to severe, irreversible injury. The clinical picture is characterized initially by poorly localized whether an increased serum lactate level is a recognized danger signal marker for intestinal ischemia in patients who present at the emergency department because of abdominal complaints. METHODS: Patients who came to our emergency department with abdominal pain and the risk factors of intestinal ischemia between Apr. 1999 and Nov. 1999 were included in this study. The data analysis included age, sex, final diagnosis, pathogenesis of bowel ischemia, and serum lactate level. RESULTS: The serum lactate level in the intestinal ischemia group was 28.54+/-22.51mg/dl; in non-ischemia group, it was 15.49+/-22.52mg/dl. This difference between the two groups was significatn(p<0.05). An increased serum lactate level had a sensitivity of 88.2% and specificity of 59.2%, a positive likelihood ratio of 4.92, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.47 as a marker of bowel ischemia. These results do not represent a very meaningful revision of bowel ischemic provability, but may make a small contribution to management of the disease, depending upon their magnitude and the clinical context in which they are applied. CONCLUSION: In patients with abdominal complaints, an increased serum lactate level is usually a useful aid as a diagnostic marker of bowel ischemia.
Abdominal Pain ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Ischemia* ; Lactic Acid* ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Statistics as Topic

The present study was undertaken to measure the effects of thiopental and thiamylal on isolated thoracic aortic hlical strips in normotensive Wistar rats(NWR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR). Phenylphrine(10(-9) ~ 10(-5) M) caused a dose-dependant contraction in thoracic aortic strips contracted with 30mM KCI in NWR and SHR. The contraction induced by 30mM KCI was taken as 100% and the mean absolute values of NWR and SHR were 463+/-30 and 457+/-38mg, respectively. The ED50 of phenylphrine in thoracic aortic strips contracted with 30mM KCI in NWR and SHR was (2.3+/-1.2) X 10(-8) M and (2.1+/-1.1) X 10(-9) M, respectively. There were no significant differences in the contractile response of thoracic aorta from NWR and SHR to 30mM KCI. In helically cut strips of thoracic aorts contracted with 30mM KCI, the cumulative administration of thiopental (10(-5) ~ 10(-3) M) caused a dose related contraction in NWR and SHR. The contraction induced by 30mM KCI was taken as 100% and the mean absolute values of NWR and SHR were 496+/-31 and 541+/-69mg, respectively. There were significant differences (p<0.05 and p<0.01) in the contractile responses of thoracic aorta from NWR and SHR to thiamylal(3X10(-4) and 10(-3) M). The dose-related contraction to thiamylal was greater than that to thiopental in NWR and SHR.
Aorta, Thoracic* ; Rats, Inbred SHR* ; Thiamylal* ; Thiopental*