No abstract available.

Since the patient’s airway is shared between an anesthesiologist and a surgeon, airway management during upper airway surgery can be challenging. Beyond the conventional method of general anesthesia, high-flow nasal oxygenation (HFNO) has recently been used as a key technique for tubeless anesthesia. HFNO provides humidified, heated oxygen up to 70 L/min, which promises improved oxygenation and ventilation, allowing for prolonged apneic oxygenation. In previous physiological and clinical studies, HFNO has been demonstrated that tubeless anesthesia safely provide an uninterrupted surgical field during laryngeal surgeries. Although tubeless anesthesia remains uncommon, it can be a good alternative to conventional anesthesia if an anesthesiologist and a surgeon select appropriate patients together with sufficient experience. A safe strategy for tubeless anesthesia, along with appropriate backup plans, including endotracheal intubation and high-frequency jet ventilation, should be considered for upper airway surgery.

Objective: This study investigated the prevalence and comorbidities of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among adults and children/adolescents in Korea. Methods: This study used data from the Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service collected from 2008 to 2018. Study participants comprised patients with at least one diagnosis of ADHD (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Provisions, 10th revision code F90.0). Prevalence rates and psychiatric comorbidities were also analyzed. Results: We identified 878,996 patients diagnosed with ADHD between 2008 and 2018. The overall prevalence rate of diagnosed ADHD increased steeply from 127.1/100,000 in 2008 to 192.9/100,000 in 2018; it increased 1.47 times in children/adolescents (≤ 18 years) and 10.1 times in adults (＞ 18 years) during this period. Among adult and children/adolescent ADHD patients, 61.84% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 61.74−61.93) and 78.72% (95% CI 78.53− 78.91) had at least one psychiatric comorbidity, respectively. Conclusion Our results showed that the prevalence rate of diagnosed ADHD has increased in Korea; however, it is lower than the global average. Further studies are required to identify and treat vulnerable populations appropriately.

BACKGROUND: Current blood and blood components are prepared from 320ml or 400ml blood collection. The analytic values and standard values of blood and blood components were evaluated at Seo-Bu Blood Center, The Republic of Korea National Red Cross, Seoul, Korea. METHODS: Blood and blood components were analyzed with weight, specific gravity, content volume, RBC counts, WBC counts, platelets counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, pH, total protein, albumin, factor VII and bacterial culture. RESLUTS: The volume, hemoglobin, hematocrit and pH of 320ml and 400ml standard unit of whole blood was 328 +/- 31ml and 405 +/- 22ml, 12.7 +/- 1.7g/dl and 14.8 +/- 2.0g/dl, 38.0 +/- 4.0% and 40.8 +/- 4.6%, mean of 7.16 and 7.13, respectively. The volume and hematocrit of packed red cells prepared from 320ml and 400ml standard unit of whole blood was 188 +/- 23ml and 248 +/- 23ml, 73.2 +/- 4.7% and 72.6 +/- 5.4%, respectively. Leukocytes poor red cells from 400ml standard unit of whloe blood showed 225 +/- 12ml of volume, 71 +/- 2.4% of hematocrit, and WBC removal was 87 +/- 5%. The volume, hematocrit and total protein in washed red cells was 224 +/- 11ml, 59 +/- 6.0% and 0.10 +/- 0.05g/unit, respectively. Leukocytes concentrates revealed 50 +/- 4.6ml of volume, 2.0 +/- 0.5x109/unit of WBC count and WBC recovery was 78 +/- 6.0%. Platelet concentrates prepared from 320ml and 400ml standard unit of fresh whole blood showed 38 +/- 3ml and 48 +/- 3ml of volume, 4.68 +/- 1.60x1010 and 5.55 +/- 1.80x1010 of platelet per unit, and 7.05 +/- 0.25 and 6.95 +/- 0.34 of pH, respectively. The fresh frozen plasma from 320ml standard unit of whole blood contained 143 +/- 25ml of volume, and that from 400ml whole blood showed 161 +/- 27ml of volume and 112 +/- 33 IU/unit of factor VII. The cryoprecipitate from 320ml whole blood showed 42 +/- 3ml of volume and 81 +/- 9 IU/unit of factor VII. There were no bacterial growth for all the components inoculated. CONCLUSION: At Seo-Bu Blood Center, we evaluated the characteristics of current blood and blood components, and established the standard values for whole blood (320ml, 400ml) as well as packed red cells, leukocytes poor red cells, washed red cells, leukocyte concentrates, platelet concentrates, fresh fozen plasma and cryoprecipates from 320ml and 400ml whole blood based on the present studies. Compared to the Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services, American Association of Blood Banks, values of evluated items of current blood and blood components showed comparable results, but platelet counts from 320ml collection did not meet to those standards.
Blood Banks ; Blood Platelets ; Factor VII ; Hematocrit ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Korea ; Leukocytes ; Plasma ; Platelet Count ; Red Cross ; Republic of Korea ; Seoul ; Specific Gravity

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the survival differences between curative stage IV and non-curative stage IV gastric cancers after gastrectomy. METHODS: Stage IV gastric cancer patients who received gastrectomy were selected from our surgical data-base from 1995 to 2004. These patients were separated into two groups according to the curability by surgery. We analyzed the survival differences between curative stage IV patients and non-curative stage IV patients. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: During a 10-year period, gastrectomy was performed in 2,214 patients. 224 patients were diagnosed as stage IV. 144 patients were male and 80 patients were female. 97 patients received total gastrectomy. 127 patients received subtotal gastrectomy. 173 patients were diagnosed with curative stage IV and 51 patients were non-curative stage IV. Overall 3-year and 5-year survival rates of stage IV gastric cancer patients in this study were 31.5% and 18.4%. 3-YSR of curative and non-curative stage IV were 36.0% and 16.7% respectively (P-value=0.0204). 5-YSR of curative and non-curative stage IV was 21.9% and 4.2% (P-value=0.0169). CONCLUSION: Significant survival differences were found between curative and non-curative stage IV. Although direct tumor extension or distant metastasis exists, gastrectomy with combined resection was important to improve prognosis if it is possible to resect. When it comes to the matter of survival rate, the subclassification of stage IV gastric cancer should be considered for further management.
Female ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Survival Rate

Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune rheumatic disease of unknown etiology, often manifested with excessive, fibrosis of the skin. The viscous properties of the skin are impaired, and the main histologic changes include a thicker dermis, absence of pilosebaceous units, and a decreased space between collagen bundles. We present a case of 20-year-old Korean woman with micrognathia and microchilia due to systemic sclerosis who came for improvement of her doll-like appearance. We saw an improvement in her micrognathia and microchilia by using Restylane(R) and Perlane(R).
Collagen ; Dermis ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Rheumatic Diseases ; Scleroderma, Systemic* ; Skin ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: Gene expression microarrays become a widely used tool in biomedicine. With growing needs of microarray data sharing, there are efforts for the development of microarray standards. MAGE-OM(Microarray Gene Expression Object Model) is a data exchange model and MAGE-ML is an XML-based data exchange format. Most database, however, do not have a suitable structure for MAGE-ML storage and maximum use of the data. Therefore, we have created relational database implementing MAGE-OM for the storage of MAGE-ML with importing and exporting capabilities. METHODS: A relational schema is derived from MAGE-OM with simple object-relational mapping strategy to reduce complexity of MAGE-OM. Data transfer between database and MAGE-ML document is performed via MAGE-OM using the MAGE Software Toolkit(MAGEstk). RESULTS: Our database accepts microarray data as MAGE-ML files through web-based interface, classifying into two types of submission, array or experiment. MAGE-ML import-export function is flexible to accommodate changing data model by separating model definition and implementation layers. CONCLUSION: Standard-based implementation of gene expression database enhances the collection and the structured storage of large-scale gene expression data from heterogeneous data sources.
Information Storage and Retrieval ; Gene Expression* ; Information Dissemination

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CT features of second branchial cleft cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the computed tomographic images in nine cases of second branchial cleft cyst which was confirmed pathologically. Emphasis was on localization of the masses to fascial spaces as defined by the deep cervical fasica. RESULTS: In all nine cases, the lerions were located in the submandibular and carotid spaces. Among these cases, six(67%) had simultaneous involvement of the other contiguous spaces, such as anterior and posterior cervical spaces. All cases had round or oval, unilocular, cystic masses with partial or complete rim enhancement. In eight cases(89%), smooth and thin walls were observed. In one case, thick wall and septations were noted. No definite calcifications were noted in all cases. The internal contents of cystic masses showed relatively homogeneous appearance, and CT number ranged from 20 to 35.2 Hounsfield unit(HU)(mean, 28.4HU). CONCLUSION: CT diagnosis of second branchial cleft cyst would be easily obtained from recognition of frequent simultaneous involvement of the other contiguous spaces, along with a typical location and characteristic morphology.
Branchial Region* ; Branchioma* ; Diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies

Growth hormone (GH) has been available for more than 4 decades for the treatment of GH deficiency. But mass production of recombinant DNA growth hormone has made GH therapy widely available for children with no GH deficiency. The use of GH therapy in children has resulted in adverse effects ranging from minor disturbances such as edema and injection site reactions to more significant, but rare events such as benign intracranial hypertension and slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Yet there has been no report in the dermatological field on skin adverse effects associated with GH therapy. We report here on 2 cases of psoriasis following GH therapy in children.
Child ; DNA, Recombinant ; Edema ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Pseudotumor Cerebri ; Psoriasis ; Skin ; Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses