Congenital scoliosis is defined as a lateral curvature of the spine caused by congenital anomalies of the vertebral development. In this study seventeen congenital scoliosis patients seen and treated by either Milwaukee brace or surgical intervention at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital from December 1972 to April 1978 were evaluated according to frequency of the curve pattern, character of the deformity, method of treatment and its correctability. The following results were obtained in this study. 1. Age distribution was from 2 to 39 years and mean age was 13.4 years. 2. The most common deformity pattern was hemivertebra in 8 cases (47.1%), unilateral unsegmented bar in 4 (23.6%) and mixed type in 3 (17.6%). 3. The most common curve level was thoracic in 6 cases (35.3%), followed by thoracolumbar in 4 (23.5%) and lumbar in 4 (23.5%). 4. The best corrected type by Milwaukee brace was trapezoid vertebra (29.4%) and then mixed type(26.1%), followed by block type (20%) and hemivertebra(2.3%). 5. The operative treatment was performed in the cases of unilateral bar and progressive type with Milwaukee brace. In terms of the correctability of the curvature, the surgical intervention was better than the conservative treatment, with the result of its average correction of 33.5% that is compared with 15.9% of Milwaukee brace. 6. Halofemoral traction was effectively applied in the cases of rigid and severe curve; the initial curve 76.3 degress with 21.3% of flexibility. 7. Loss of correction in operative treatment was 2.3 degrees (6.5%).
Age Distribution ; Braces ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Pliability ; Scoliosis ; Seoul ; Spine ; Traction

PURPOSE: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) immunotherapy is the treatment of choice for adjuvant therapy of superficial bladder cancer. The outcomes of a 6 week course of BCG immunotherapy was compared with those of a modified 6 3 maintenance therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2001 and June 2007, 123 patients with a superficial bladder cancer were treated with a transurethral resection of the bladder tumor(TURBT) and intravesical BCG. For the 93 patients, BCG was administered over a six week course. For the remaining 30 patients, BCG was administered for six weeks followed by three weekly instillations at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months. The recurrence rate, time to recurrence and progression rate were assessed and analyzed. RESULTS: In the six week therapy group, the overall recurrence rate, mean recurrence interval and median follow up was 31.2%(29/93), 15.9 months and 19.4 months, respectively. The recurrence rate according to stage and grade was 27.6%(8/29), 33.9%(21/62) and 0%(0/2) on Ta, T1 and carcinoma in situ(CIS), respectively, and 29.6%(21/71), 40%(8/20) in low grade and high grade, respectively. Five cases in the T1 high grade and 1 case in T1 low grade group progressed to T2. In maintenance therapy, the overall recurrence rate, mean recurrence interval and median follow up was 16.7%(5/30), 16.4 months and 24.8 months, respectively. The recurrence rate according to stage and grade was 14.3%(1/7), 14.3%(3/21) and 50%(1/2) on Ta, T1, CIS, respectively, and 15.0%(3/20), 12.5%(1/8) in low grade and high grade, respectively. One case in the CIS sub group progressed to T4a. CONCULSIONS: These results show a lower recurrence rate in the modified 6 3 maintenance therapy group than in the 6 week therapy group. Therefore, modified 6 3 maintenance therapy is more effective for preventing a recurrence in a superficial bladder cancer than 6 week therapy.
Bacillus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Recurrence ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

No abstract available.
alpha-Fetoproteins* ; Birth Weight* ; Immunoglobulins* ; Parturition*

No abstract available.
Tissue Expansion Devices*

No abstract available.
Free Tissue Flaps* ; Lower Extremity*

No abstract available.
Replantation*

No abstract available.
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor*

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the functional and histological changes following the orthotopic testicular transplantation. For orthotopic testicular transplantation, a new operative microsurgical techniques were applied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight (24) recipient rats were castrated and microsurgically removed testes from adult rats were utilized for orthotopic transplantation, respectively. These animals were divided into following three groups: 1) the control group (n=6); 2) the castrated group (n=6); 3) the orthotopic testis transplantation group (n=12). The levels of LH, FSH and testosterone were measured using radioimmunoassay. In order to identify the survival of testis, testicular scans were performed. Histopathological examinations were added. RESULTS: The following results were obtained: 1. Histopathologic findings. Excluding 2 transplanted rats which demonstrated ischemic necrosis findings, the testes of other 10 transplantated rats showed almost normal histologic findings. 2. Hormonal levels. There was no significnat statistical difference between the control group and the 10 successfully transplanted animals. 3. Testicular scan. Testicular scan was effective to differentiate the successfully transplanted testis from the testis with ischemic necrosis. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that orthotopic transplantation has higher possibility of graft survival, and testicular scan is a effective method to confirm the survival of transplanted testis. In addtion, newly developed orthotopic transplantation animal models could be used for hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis research. The orthotopic transplantation technique would be used for the new therapeutic method for congenital and acquired hypogonadism patients, too.
Adult ; Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Models, Animal ; Necrosis ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats* ; Testis ; Testosterone

PURPOSE: A new quantitative tumor marker, based on the combined measurement of urinary fragments of cytokeratins 8 and 18, namely the urinary bladder cancer antigen(UBC(TM)) test, has been proposed for the detection of bladder transitional cell carcinoma(TCC). We evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of UBC(TM) test in comparison with that of urinary cytology to establish UBC(TM) test for the diagnosis of TCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-hundred ninety-six patients with hematuria were included in this study. Forty patients were diagnosed histologically as TCC by transurethral resection or radical cystectomy(group A), while the others had various benign urinary tract conditions(group B). RESULTS: UBC(TM) levels were significantly different between groups A (1851.39+/-4627microgram/l) and B (19.28+/-107.03microgram/l) (p<0.001). Sensitivity for diagnosis of TCC was 89.7%(36/40) in UBC(TM) test and 45%(18/40) in cytology(p<0.05). Specificity for diagnosis of TCC was 84.6%(132/156) in UBC(TM) test and 100%(156/156) in cytology. UBC(TM) test was significantly more sensitive than cytology in stage Ta(85.7% vs. 0%, p<0.05), T1 tumors(89.4% vs. 31.5%, p<0.05), and in Grades 1(83.3% vs. 25%, p<0.05) and 2(90.4% vs. 52.3%, p<0.05) tumors. UBC(TM) test was more sensitive in higher Grade(83.3% in Grade 1, 90.4% in Grade 2 and 100% in Grade 3). CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with urinary cytology, UBC(TM) test could be a valuable marker for diagnosis of TCC in patients with early stage and low grade TCC. Therefore, UBC(TM) test in association with cytology may be useful as a screening test for TCC of the bladder.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Diagnosis ; Hematuria* ; Humans ; Keratins ; Mass Screening* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Tract