The important role of the epiphyseal cartilage in the longitudial growth of long bones is universally accepted. Injury to the epiphyseal plate caused by surgically produced defects or trauma has been observed clinically and in experimental investigations. These growth retarding effect of defects seem to be proportional to the size of the defect, and are caused by the formation of a bone bridge connecting the epiphysis to the metaphysis. This investigation provides an explanation for the intimate relationship between the size of the defect and growth retarding effect. Central destruction of the distal femoral epiphyseal plates on 81 immature rabbits were performed by four different sized drills. Free flaps of vastus lateralis were inserted into the defect of the epiphyseal plate. Left limbs were used as the experimental group, and right limbs as the control. After 8 weeks of operation, animals were sacrificed, and roentgenological and histological observations were made. The results were observed as follows. 1. The amount of bony bridge connecting epiphysis and metaphysis was proportional to the size of the epiphyseal defect. 2. The amount of growth retardation at the distal femoral epiphyseal plate was proportional to the size of the defect produced in the epiphyseal plate. 3. Compensatory overgrowth at the proximal femoral epiphysis seems to be proportional to the size of the defect made in the epiphyseal plate. 4. Insertion of the free flap of vastus laterials into the epiphyseal defect diminished the formation of the bony bridge.
Animals ; Epiphyses ; Extremities ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Growth Plate ; Quadriceps Muscle ; Rabbits

22 cases of giant cell tumor of bone treated between 1973 and 1979 have been reviewed after a miaimum follow-up of two years and following results were obtaind. 1. Fourteen cases (63%) were in the third and fourth decade. 2. Fourteen cases (63%) were located around the knee joint. 3. Five (42%) of the twelve tumors treated by curettage and bone graft recurred. Five tumors treated by En bloc resection and two tumors treated by amputation had no recurrences. 4. Five of six recurrences occured within two years after mitial treatment.
Amputation ; Curettage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Giant Cells ; Knee Joint ; Recurrence ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Rhizotomy* ; Scoliosis*

PURPOSE: This study evaluated PostGraft(TM) which enhances implant stability and bone density. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty eight implants were installed at the tibia of ovariectomized rats. The group administrated with PostGraft(TM) was the experimental group, and the control group was not administrated. Implant stability was evaluated at the 2nd, 4th and 6th week by Periotest value, bone mineral density, bone-to-implant contact. These values were analyzed statistically with Mann-Whitney U test (P<.05). Histological analysis was evaluated at the 2nd, 4th and 6th week. RESULTS: According to the Periotest(R) measurement, both experimental and control groups showed decrease in values as time elapsed. Greater decrease was observed in the experimental group but there was no significant difference. By examining the radiographic images, both experimental and control groups showed tendency of increase in bone density. Greater increase was seen in the experimental group but there was no significant difference. According to the bone-to-implant contact measurement, both experimental and control groups showed increase in values as time elapsed. Greater increase was seen in the experimental group. At the 2nd and 4th week, there was no significant difference. But at the 6th week, there was significant difference (P<.05). By histological analysis, both experimental and control groups showed increase in bone formation as time elapsed. In addition, greater increase was seen in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: It could be concluded that the PostGraft(TM) medicated group showed better results in the bone density and osseointegration.
Animals ; Bone Density ; Osseointegration ; Osteogenesis ; Rats ; Tibia

Matrix stone is a rare form of urinary tract concretion and composed primarily of matrix material, approximately 65% by weight. This must be distinguished from the various diseases representing a radiolucent mass within the renal collecting system. We report a case of matrix stone in 32 year-old female patient who had a crystalline stone of con. tralateral kidney with the review of literatures.
Adult ; Crystallins ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Urinary Tract

OBJECT: This study is to examine the validity of constitutional classification of Sa-sang medical theory. This theory classifies the human constitution to 4 types according to classical oriental philosophy on yin and yang. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Subjects were 312 medical students and 288 neurotic patients with diagnosis of neurotic, stress related and somatoform disorders and minor depressive episodes according to ICD-10. Medical students were classified to 4 Sa-sang constitutions by Noh Jung Woo scale, by Dr. Kim Dal Lae himself and Questionnaire for the Sa-sang Constitution Classification(QSCC II). For assessmnent of symptoms and signs, Korean version of SCL-90, a constitution scale and personality scale which were designed for this study were used. These instruments were found to be reliable and valid through statistical analysis. Subjects were asked to rate these scales. The data were analysed with factor analysis and factor scores were compared among 4 Sa-sang constitutions by ANOVA and t-test. The data from patient group were analysed with factor analysis and the results were compared with the Sa-sang medical theory. RESULTS: Results of classification by 3 ways were inconsistent showing a significant difference among them. Among them, QSCC II was most reliable. In QSCC II, only the factor scores of factors of homophobia-obsession, weakness-sensitiveness-indigestion- chillness-skin syndrome, sexual weakness, passive-unsociable personality, introverted personality and rational personality, were significantly high in So-um (small yin) group of medical students. A factor of warmnes and active-sociable personality were significantly high in Tae-um(big yin) group. Also active-sociable and affective pesonality was partly related with So-yang(small yang) group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that those present classification methods are inconsistent, that these methods are proving only parts of Sa-sang medical theory, and that objective and scientific studies are needed for reliability and validity of Sa-sang medical theory.
Classification ; Constitution and Bylaws* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; International Classification of Diseases ; Philosophy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results ; Somatoform Disorders ; Students, Medical ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVES: Circadian rhythms have been known to have associations with psychiatric disorders and personality traits. The present study investigated the relationships between circadian typology and temperaments/characters in a non-clinical Korean population. METHODS: Two hundred six healthy Korean college students (male 109, female 97) participated in this study. The subjects completed the Composite Scale of Morningness for circadian typology and 140-item Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised-Short version (TCI-RS). RESULTS: Multivariate analyses of covariance showed a significant association between chronotypes and temperamental dimensions of the TCI-RS. Morning types were significantly associated with lower harm avoidance and higher persistence and self-directedness dimensions, compared to evening types and intermediate types. No interaction effects between sex and chronotypes were shown for temperamental dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that high persistence and self-directedness characters are related to morning types and high harm avoidance temperament is more related to evening types.

Although an immune response to bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) has often been associated with antitumor activity, the action mechanism(s) of intravesical BCG therapy for prophylaxis and treatment of superficial bladder cancer is not clearly understood. In an attempt to evaluate the roles of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and lymphotoxin (LT) in the antitumor activity, TNF-alpha productivities by peripheral blood monocytes, serum levels of TNF-alpha, and LT productivities by peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied in superficial bladder cancer patients after six intravesical administrations of BCG. TNF-alpha productivities by peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs were also studied after six intravesical administrations of BCG. The maximum TNF-alpha productivities by peripheral blood monocytes of superficial bladder cancer patients were seen after the fourth week of administration of BCG, and the serum TNF-alpha levels were also slightly increased after intravesical BCG administration in the superficial bladder cancer patients. LT productivities by peripheral blood lymphocytes of superficial bladder cancer patients were significantly enhanced and the maximum LT productivity was also seen after the third or fifth BCG administration. TNF-alpha productivities by peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs were significantly enhanced and the maximum TNF-alpha productivity was seen after the second or third BCG administration. Our data might suggest that six consecutive intravesical BCG administrations could induce the increased productions of TNF-alpha and LT, which might play an important role in the antitumor activity in superficial bladder cancer.Although an immune response to bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) has often been associated with antitumor activity, the action mechanism(s) of intravesical BCG therapy for prophylaxis and treatment of superficial bladder cancer is not clearly understood. In an attempt to evaluate the roles of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and lymphotoxin (LT) in the antitumor activity, TNF-alpha productivities by peripheral blood monocytes, serum levels of TNF-alpha, and LT productivities by peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied in superficial bladder cancer patients after six intravesical administrations of BCG. TNF-alpha productivities by peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs were also studied after six intravesical administrations of BCG. The maximum TNF-alpha productivities by peripheral blood monocytes of superficial bladder cancer patients were seen after the fourth week of administration of BCG, and the serum TNF-alpha levels were also slightly increased after intravesical BCG administration in the superficial bladder cancer patients. LT productivities by peripheral blood lymphocytes of superficial bladder cancer patients were significantly enhanced and the maximum LT productivity was also seen after the third or fifth BCG administration. TNF-alpha productivities by peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs were significantly enhanced and the maximum TNF-alpha productivity was seen after the second or third BCG administration. Our data might suggest that six consecutive intravesical BCG administrations could induce the increased productions of TNF-alpha and LT, which might play an important role in the antitumor activity in superficial bladder cancer.
Administration, Intravesical ; Animal ; Bladder Neoplasms/*metabolism/*therapy ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Human ; Mycobacterium bovis/*physiology ; Prospective Studies ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Tumor Necrosis Factor/*biosynthesis

PURPOSE: To compare the surgical outcomes and stereopsis between pseudodivergence excess type and convergence insufficiency type in intermittent exotropia. METHODS: In a retrospective comparative analysis of 42 eyes, 18 eyes that were of the convergence insufficiency type (group 1) and 24 eyes that were or the pseudodivergence excess type (group 2) were analyzed. Recession-resection was performed in the same eye. Success was defined to be within ±8 PD after 12 months postoperatively; more than ±8 PD was defined as recurrence. Stereopsis was measured by the Titmus test. RESULTS: After the patch test, the mean preoperative near angle in group 1 was 35.56 ± 6.62 PD and the far angle was 23.06 ± 6.22 PD. In group 2, the mean preoperative near angle was 26.92 ± 6.30 PD and the far angle was 28.29 ± 7.41 PD. The group 1 postoperative (12 months) mean near angle was 6.89 ± 8.46 PD and the far angle was 6.11 ± 7.90 PD. In group 2, the mean postoperative near angle was 1.75 ± 2.85 PD and the far angle was 3.42 ± 3.98 PD. The success rate of group 1 was 50% and the success rate of group 2 was 83.3%. The success rate of both group were statistically significant differences (p = 0.021). The postoperative (12 months) mean of near stereopsis for group 1 was 588 ± 1,124 seconds, and group 2 was 101.25 ± 102 seconds. There were no statistically differences in postoperative (12 months) stereopsis. CONCLUSIONS: The success rate of the pseudodivergence excess type was significantly higher than in the convergence insufficiency type.
Depth Perception* ; Exotropia ; Ocular Motility Disorders* ; Patch Tests ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Many of the enzymes handling environmental factors are polymorphic and may confer variable susceptibility to renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Among those, the author studied genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 (B & T) and CYP1A1 in RCCs and controls in Korean. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using 132 RCCs and 94 controls, first PCR products were obtained in 104 RCCs and 94 controls with CYP2D6, and 74 RCCs and 56 controls with CYP1A1. Res triction enzyme - BstN I/EcoN I for CYP2D6 (B & T), and NCo I for CYP1A1-digestion was followed to analyze constitutive DNA. RESULTS: In both RCCs and controls, no mutant allele of CYP2D6 (B & T) was detected and the susceptibility for occurrence of RCC was unable to evaluate. With CYP1A1 RFLP, homozy gous wild type (WW) was seen in 68 (52.3%; 37 RCCs, 31 controls), heterozygous mutant type (WM) in 54 (41.5%; 32 RCCs, 22 controls) and homozygous mutant type (MM) in 8 (6.2%; 5 RCCs, 3 controls). The odds ratios (95% CI) of RCC susceptibility for CYP1A1 genotype were 1.15 for WM and 1.36 for MM. Even though not significant statistically, higher tendency in MM presented. CONCLUSION: There is no association between susceptibility for the occurrence of RCC and genetic polymorphism of CYP2D6 (B & T) and CYP1A1.
Alleles ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1* ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6* ; DNA ; Genotype ; Odds Ratio ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic* ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length