BACKGROUND: As an airplane has been developed, the man could experienced the new environment. In these circumstances, the research of human's physical changes in the air was commended. About 80% of airplane's accidents was occurred by human factors and about 4% was related to the pilot's physical state. According to the many studies, the most common cause of the permanent grounding of the pilot is coronary artery disease(CAD). Therefore the tool of prevention and early detection for CAD was needed. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of routine and regular Exercise Treadmill Test(ETT) to the civil airline pilots especially 1) in decreasing the correctable risk factors of coronary artery disease 2) in reducing the medical disqualification rate of pilots. METHOD: Routine ETT has been performed to the Asiana Airlines' pilot during his regular physical check up. When the pilot showed abnormal resting ECG or abnormal ETT results, Echocardiography, 24hour Holter monitoring, Cardiac SPECT or Coronary angiography were done to rule out coronary artery disease. Review the medical records from June 1993 through December 1998. Compare the medical disqualification rate between Asiana Airlines pilot & other pilot groups. Compare the individual correctable risk factors of coronary artery disease and the numbers of risk factors between pilot and non-pilot group using SPSS 8.0 t-test. RESULTS: 1. The results showed no evidence of CAD and there was no case of CAD as a pilot's disqualifying conditions. 2. The levels of cholesterol and the numbers of risk factors of pilot had a statistically significantly lower than non-pilot group. CONCLUSIONS: Routine and regular ETT will be effective in educating the pilot to do his best to decrease the correctable risk factors of CAD.
Aircraft ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ; Exercise Test* ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Risk Factors ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between insomnia severity, depression, anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity and to find out the explanatory variables that account for the insomnia severity among depression, anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity in general population. 95 mentally healthy volunteers who visit health promotion center of Kangbuk Samsung hospital for their regular medical examination were requested to complete Athens Insomnia Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Anxiety Sensitivity Index. Association between total scores of Athens Insomnia scale and other variables (total scores of Beck Depression Inventory excluded item 16, total scores of State Anxiety, total scores of Trait Anxiety, and total scores of Anxiety Sensitivity Scale) was assessed individually with partial correlations adjusted by age and then together using multiple regression analysis. The total scores of Athens Insomnia Scale were significantly associated with total scores of Beck Depression Inventory excluded item 16(r = 0.541, p<0.001), total scores of Trait Anxiety(r = 0.642, p<0.001), total scores of State Anxiety(r = 0.267, p<0.05), and total scores of Anxiety Sensitivity Index(r = 0.312, p<0.01). Total scores of trait anxiety showed the highest correlation with the total scores of Athens Insomnia Scale and was the significant predictor to total scores of Athens Insomnia Scale among the other predictor variables (p<0.001). These results show that insomnia severity is positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity. The correlation was strongest with trait anxiety. In addition, our results suggest that trait anxiety is associated with insomnia severity in general populations.
Anxiety* ; Depression* ; Health Promotion ; Healthy Volunteers ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders*

INTRODUCTION: The phenomenon related to sign & symptom management for end of life of the patients is of interest to researchers in nursing society today. This study was conducted to clarify and to conceptualize the factors of sign & symptom management in end of life care though nurses' perceptions on this phenomena. METHODS: The qualitative study method was used to explore the experienced nurses' perceptions related to sign & symptom management in end of life care. It included a field study carried out in South Korea using in-depth interviews with 30 experienced nurses from three nursing home facilities. RESULTS: This study identified the following categories related to end of life care with sub-categories for each category: (1) nurses' modes in identifying the signs related to patients' end of life, (2) nurses' perceived directions on patients' end of life care, (3) nurses' perceived strategies in end of life care and (4) nurses' perceived barriers in end of life care. CONCLUSION: Through this study, characteristics of the way nurses' provide for patients' end of life care are identified, along with how nursing decisions are made to manage the sign & symptom indicating patients' end of life.
Humans ; Nursing Homes ; Republic of Korea ; Societies, Nursing ; Terminal Care

No abstract available.
Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Prolapse*

No abstract available.
Prolapse*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage* ; Hemorrhoids*

Colitis Cystica Profunda(CCP) is an uncommon disease in Korea, and little knowledge exists about CCP, including knowledge about its incidence and prevalence. However, it may be speculated that the disease will be diagnosed more often due to advancement in diagnostic tool and growing interest. CCP is essentially the same disorder as Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome(SRUS), but it has been reported separately because of its external appearances such as broad shaped polyps or nodules. Both CCP and SRUS are called MPS. Of importance is that a submucosal-cyst-containing lesion needs to be differentiated from mucus- producing adenocarcinoma. This differentiation is obvious from the CCP histologic features, such as fibromuscular obliteration of lamina propria and submucosal cysts. In light of these facts, it is important to obtain a sufficient biopsy specimen to examine accurately. It is not uncommon for CCP to be accampanied by rectal prolapse or incomplete intussusception, so diagnostic approaches of these associated disorders should be done at the same time. The authors have recently experienced one case of CCP associated with rectal prolapse. The case was treated effectively and is reported in this paper along with a review of the literature on this subject.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Colitis* ; Incidence ; Intussusception ; Korea ; Mucous Membrane ; Polyps ; Prevalence ; Rectal Prolapse ; Ulcer

Colon cancer is a major cause of cancer deaths in Western countries and is increasing rapidly in the East where Western nutrition and life-styles are being adopted. About 75% of the individuals with colon cancer will have a primary surgical resection with the hope of complete tumor eradication. Despite the high resectability rate and a general improvement in therapy, nearly half of all patients with colon cancer still die of metastatic tumor. Over the past three decades, many clinical studies have failed to demonstrate benefits from adjuvant therapy. Recently, new data from several studies have demonstrated delays in tumor recurrence and increase in survival for specific groups of patients. (Objectives) This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil plus low-dose leucovorin as postoperative adjuvant therapy for patients with Dukes' stage B and C colon cancer. (Methods) Eighty seven patients with surgically resected colon cancer in Dukes' stage B and C from Jan 1991 to Dec 1994 were included in this study and divided into two groups. First group (LF arm) included 53 patients who received combination chemotherapy of 5-FU and low-dose leucovorin following surgical resection of colon cancer and the second group (control arm) included 34 patients who received no adjuvant treatment. 5-FU and low-dose leucovorin chemotherapy consisted of leucovorin 20mg/m2, intravenously, plus 5-FU 400mg/m2, intravenously, on days 1-5 every 4 weeks for 12 cycles. (Results) There were significantly less recurrences and distant failure in LF arm than in the control arm. The 4-year disease-free survival rate was 84.2% in LF arm and 54.5% in control arm(p=0.0074). The 4-year overall survival was 89.7% in LF and 48.4% in control arm(p=0.0005). The suvival differences between LF arm and control arm were significant in Dukes' stage B and C respectively. Age of patients, number of metastatic lymph nodes, histologic differentiation and whether or not patients received 5-FU/Leucovorin chemotherapy, were each found to have prognostic significance. (Conclusions) This study strongly suggests that treatment with 5-FU plus low-dose leucovorin significantly prolongs disease-free survival and results in a significant benefit relative to overall survival in patients with surgically resected Dukes' stage B and C colon cancer.
Arm ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Fluorouracil* ; Hope ; Humans ; Leucovorin* ; Lymph Nodes ; Recurrence