No abstract available.
Pulmonary Artery*

Two cases of synovial hemangioma have been experienced at the Department of Orthopedic surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. In the first case, synovial hemangioma about 1.5cm in diameter was found to be attached to the anterior aspect of the medial condyle of the left femur, which was excised completely with good follow-up result. In another case, cavernous hemangioma was observed diffusely invading tendon sheaths, lower one third of the tibia and also synovium of the ankle joint. Because of diffuse involvement, complete removal was not possible. After partial removal, a total 800 r Roentgen therapy was taken.
Ankle Joint ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Orthopedics ; Seoul ; Synovial Membrane ; Tendons ; Tibia

No abstract available.
Perfusion*

No abstract available.
Prolapse*

No abstract available.
Prolapse*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage* ; Hemorrhoids*

BACKGROUND: Pretreatment of systemic ketamine reduced pain behaviors in some animal models with persistent pain. However, a clinically relevant preemptive analgeisic effect of systemic ketamine is controversial. The purpose of this study was to examine the preemptive effect of systemic ketamine in rats undergoing a plantar incision. METHODS: Ketamine (10, 30, or 100 mg/kg) or a saline vehicle was administered subcutaneously 30 minutes before an incision was made. Withdrawal thresholds to calibrated von Frey filaments adjacent to the wound were measured before incision and from 2 hours to postoperative 6 days after incision. To evaluate the effectiveness of an extension of antinociceptive treatment into the initial postoperative period, 30 mg/kg ketamine or a saline vehicle 30 minutes before an incision was made was administered subcutaneously followed by injection of 5 more of the same drug or vehicle every 1 hour. The development of pain behavior was also evaluated before incision and from 30 minutes after last drug injection to postoperative 6 days. RESULTS: In saline vehicle-treated rats, mechanical hyperalgesia was persistent through day 1 after surgery and then gradually returned to the preincisional value. Thirty mg/kg ketamine increased the withdrawal threshold at 2 hours. One hundred mg/kg ketamine caused a motor block at 2 hours and increased the withdrawal threshold at 2.5 and 3 hours. A repeated injection of 30 mg/kg ketamine caused a motor block during the first 2 hours, and reduced hyperalgesia at 3 and 4 hours after the last drug injection. However, there were no significant differences in withdrawal thresholds among the groups at all subsequent times. CONCLUSIONS: Antinociceptive treatment of systemic ketamine covers the period of surgery and the initial postoperative period by reducing early pain behavior, but had no impact on subsequent measures of hyperalgesia. Therefore, a preemptive effect of systemic ketamine in postoperative pain seems unlikely.
Analgesia* ; Animals ; Hyperalgesia ; Ketamine* ; Models, Animal* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Postoperative Period ; Rats* ; Wounds and Injuries

Mucormycosis is a rare, fulminating, opportunistic fungal infection that occurs almost exclusively in immunocompromised hosts such as patients with diabetes, leukemia, lymphoma. These fungi are ubiquitous in nature, and can be found on decaying vegetation and in the soil. So they are relatively frequent contaminants in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Recently the incidence of mucormycosis is rising associated with the increasing use of immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics. Though mucormycosis is frequently fatal, there has been a significant improvement in the outcome by early diagnosis and aggressive treatment. Mucormycosis can be categorized as rhinocerebral, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, widely disseminated and miscellaneous; gastro-intestinal involvement is extremely rare. We report a patient with gastric mucormycosis who had diabetes mellitus and alcoholic hepatitis. His chief complaint was an epigastric pain, and the gastroscopy showed huge multiple ulcers, coated with exudates. The histologic examination revealed multiple broad, nonseptate hyphae with right angle branchings, diagnosed as mucormycosis.
Alcoholics* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Early Diagnosis ; Exudates and Transudates ; Fungi ; Gastroscopy ; Hepatitis, Alcoholic* ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Immunocompromised Host ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Incidence ; Leukemia ; Lymphoma ; Mucormycosis* ; Soil ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: Herniated nucleus pulposus fragments are recognized by the immune system as a foreign-body, which results in an autoimmune reaction. Human activation-inducible tumor necrosis factor receptor (AITR) and its ligand, AITRL, are important costimulatory molecules in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Despite the importance of these costimulatory molecules in autoimmune disease, their role in the autoimmune reaction to herniated disc fragments has yet to be explored. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether the overexpression of AITR and AITRL might be associated with lumbar disc herniation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 20 symptomatic lumbar disc herniation patients. Ten macroscopically normal control discs were obtained from patients with spinal fractures managed with anterior procedures that involved a discectomy. Peripheral blood samples from both the study patients and controls were collected. The expression levels of AITR and AITRL were investigated by flow cytometric analysis, confocal laser scanning microscopy, immunohistochemistry and by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The soluble AITR and AITRL serum levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Flow cytometric analysis revealed significantly higher levels of both AITR and AITRL in the lumbar disc herniation patients than in the controls. The AITRL expression levels were also increased in patients with lumbar disc herniation, shown by using confocal laser scanning microscopy, immunohisto-chemistry, and RT-PCR. Finally, soluble AITR and AITRL were elevated in the patients with lumbar disc herniations. CONCLUSION: The AITR and AITRL are increased in both the herniated disc tissue and the peripheral blood of patients with lumbar disc herniation.
Adult ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interleukins/blood ; Intervertebral Disk Displacement/*immunology ; *Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/*blood ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/*blood ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factors/*blood

OBJECTIVE: Minocycline, a second-generation tetracycline-class antibiotic, has been well established to exert a neuroprotective effect in animal models and neurodegenerative disease through the inhibition of microglia. Here, we investigated the effects of minocycline on motor recovery and neuropathic pain in a rat model of spinal cord injury. METHODS: To simulate spinal cord injury, the rats' spinal cords were hemisected at the 10th thoracic level (T10). Minocycline was injected intraperitoneally, and was administered 30 minutes prior surgery and every second postoperative day until sacrifice 28 days after surgery. Motor recovery was assessed via the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan test. Mechanical hyperalgesia was measured throughout the 28-day post-operative course via the von Frey test. Microglial and astrocyte activation was assessed by immunohistochemical staining for ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) at two sites: at the level of hemisection and at the 5th lumbar level (L5). RESULTS: In rats, spinal cord hemisection reduced locomotor function and induced a mechanical hyperalgesia of the ipsilateral hind limb. The expression of Iba1 and GFAP was also increased in the dorsal and ventral horns of the spinal cord at the site of hemisection and at the L5 level. Intraperitoneal injection of minocycline facilitated overall motor recovery and attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia. The expression of Iba1 and GFAP in the spinal cord was also reduced in rats treated with minocycline. CONCLUSION: By inhibiting microglia and astrocyte activation, minocycline may facilitate motor recovery and attenuate mechanical hyperalgesia in individuals with spinal cord injuries.
Animals ; Astrocytes ; Calcium ; Extremities ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Horns ; Hyperalgesia ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Microglia ; Minocycline ; Models, Animal ; Motor Neurons ; Neuralgia ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Rats ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Injuries