May–Thurner syndrome (MTS), also known as iliac vein compression syndrome, is a condition, in which compression of the commonvenous outflow tract of the left lower extremity can cause discomfort, swelling, pain or blood clots in the iliofemoral veins. The problemis due to left common iliac vein compression by the overlying right common iliac artery. This paper describes the case of a 75-year-oldfemale with MTS after performing right total knee replacement arthroplasty. The authors diagnosed MTS through intravenous angiographyand angiographic computed tomography on swelling and pain of the left lower extremities after performing right total knee replacementarthroplasty. The thrombus was removed using a thrombolytic agent and mechanical thrombectomy, and an intravenous stent then insertedafter angioplasty. No case of MTS after performing total knee replacement arthroplasty has been reported in Korea. Therefore, this case isreported along with review of the relevant literature.

A 25-year-old 7 month pregnant woman with mitral stenosis was hospitalized because of life threatening hemoptysis dispite intensive medical treatment. Emergency mitral commissurotomy resulted in prompt cessation of hemorrhage and at nine months follows-up, the hemoptysis has not recurred. Mitral valve surgery appears to be consitently associated with rapid and sustained cessation of hemoptysis. Therefore, surgery should be considered in hemoptysis due to mitral stenosis, particulary when the danger of asphyxiation exists.
Adult ; Emergencies* ; Female ; Hemoptysis* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Stenosis* ; Pregnant Women

PURPOSE: With the technical advancement in arterial embolization and subsegmental resection of liver neoplasm, emphasis has been on more detailed knowledge of normal arterial anatomy and its variation. We analysed the patterns of intrahepatic branches of right hepatic artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed intrahepatic branching patterns of right hepatic artery in 165 cases. All cases had a single right hepatic artery which could be traced up to tertiary branches, and also performed rapid drip infusion CT scan, hepatic arteriography with antero-posterior and oblique views, superior mesenteric arteriorgraphy and indirect portography. RESULTS: lntrahepatic branching patterns of the right hepatic artery had eight types of variation. The most common intrahepatic branching pattern was type I: 107(64.5%) which represented 5, 8th branch emerging from the anterior segmental artery and 6, 7th branch from the posterior segmental artery. Type VII :26(15.8%) was the next common type which represented 6th branch emerging first from the posterior segmental artery and 7th branch emerging secondly from the posterior segmental artery. Type VII, VI, III were branched from the posterior segmental artery. Type IV, II, V were branched from the anterior segmental artery. CONCLUSION: These result could be helpful to the planning of treatment, such as hepatic subsegmentectomy or transarterial embolization of the hepatic neoplasm.
Angiography* ; Arteries ; Hepatic Artery* ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Liver Neoplasms ; Portography ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

PURPOSE: With the technical advancement in arterial embolization and subsegmental resection of liver neoplasm, emphasis has been on more detailed knowledge of normal arterial anatomy and its variation. We analysed the patterns of intrahepatic branches of right hepatic artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed intrahepatic branching patterns of right hepatic artery in 165 cases. All cases had a single right hepatic artery which could be traced up to tertiary branches, and also performed rapid drip infusion CT scan, hepatic arteriography with antero-posterior and oblique views, superior mesenteric arteriorgraphy and indirect portography. RESULTS: lntrahepatic branching patterns of the right hepatic artery had eight types of variation. The most common intrahepatic branching pattern was type I: 107(64.5%) which represented 5, 8th branch emerging from the anterior segmental artery and 6, 7th branch from the posterior segmental artery. Type VII :26(15.8%) was the next common type which represented 6th branch emerging first from the posterior segmental artery and 7th branch emerging secondly from the posterior segmental artery. Type VII, VI, III were branched from the posterior segmental artery. Type IV, II, V were branched from the anterior segmental artery. CONCLUSION: These result could be helpful to the planning of treatment, such as hepatic subsegmentectomy or transarterial embolization of the hepatic neoplasm.
Angiography* ; Arteries ; Hepatic Artery* ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Liver Neoplasms ; Portography ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

No abstract available.
Colon* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley* ; Rectum*

This study was designed to compare the incidence and severity of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) between normal (N = 85) and overweight or obese (N = 28) college female students and investigated correlation between PMS, nutrient intake, hematological index and psychological index (depression, anxiety, stress). Each subject was asked a Menstrual Discomfort Questionnaire (MDQ) for PMS by 5 Likert scale. The PMS scores of women in the normal weight subjects ranked in order of severity were water retention (2.71), followed by behavioral change (2.58), negative affect (2.46), pain (2.31), autonomic reaction (2.27), decreased concentration (2.16). The symptoms of 'pain' and 'behavioral change' of overweight or obese subject were significantly higher than those of normal subject (p < 0.05). And total cholesterol concentration of overweight or obese subjects was significantly higher than in normal subject (p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between the symptoms of 'negative effect' and BMI. And the triglyceride concentration was positively related with 'water retention (p < 0.01)'. The symptoms of 'decreased concentration' were negatively correlated with calcium (p < 0.01) and vitamin B6 intake (p < 0.05). The depression score were positively related with symptoms of 'behavioral change (p < 0.05)', 'negative affect' (p < 0.01), and the anxiety score was positively correlated with 'behavioral change (p < 0.05)' and 'decreased concentration (p < 0.05)'. The stress score was positively correlated with 'decreased concentration (p < 0.01)', 'behavioral change (p < 0.05)' and 'negative affect (p < 0.05)'. This suggests that PMS represents the clinical manifestation of a calcium, vitamin B6 deficiency and psychological disorder. Therefore we concluded that nutrient supplementation, depression and stress management may help to relieve PMS symptoms.
Anxiety ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Retention (Psychology) ; Vitamin B 6 ; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency ; Water

OBJECTIVES: Surgery is being offered to an increasing proportion of the over 60s and postpoerative cognitive dysfunction may occur in the elderly. We investigated that age could be a risk factor. The confounding effects, such as learning effect due to repeated testing and the effect of distress on the test performance, were controlled for by control group. METHOD: Twenty patients aged at least 60 years completed neuropsychological test 1 day before and 1 week after surgery. We measured Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), digit span, 'A' test, similarity test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). The authors compared postoperative cognitive dysfunction by neuropsychological test in the elderly patients with those in the control group. RESULTS: One week after operation, there was no cognitive impairment compared with before operation. Advanced age might not contribute to cognitive impairment except DSST. And there was an improvement in the scores for BDI and SAI in the control group only. We did not find a significant relation between early postoperative cognitive dysfunction and mood state before operation. Because the elderly patients had lower educational level and more depressive than control group before operation, we thought that the deterioration of DSST did not happened with operation, but by insufficiency of learning effect in the elderly patients. CONCLUSION: Cognition in the elderly patients was not impaired significantly after operation when attention was paid to the known perioperative influences on mental function.
Aged* ; Anxiety ; Cognition* ; Depression ; Humans ; Learning ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Risk Factors

7 Korean dogs were anesthetized with oxygen and isoflurane in different concentrations (1 vo1.%, 2 vo1.%, 3 vo1.%). Cardiovascular effects of isoflurane in different concentrations were investigated. The results were as follow: 1) Heart rate was decreased significantly (p<0.05) following increase of isoflurane concentrations. 2) Mean arterial blood pressure was decreased significantly (p<0.05) following increase of isoflur- ane concentrations. 3) Cardiac index was decreased significantly (p<0.05) following increase of isoflurane concentra- tions. 4) Left ventricular stroke work index was decreased significantly (p<0.05) following increase of isoflurane concentrations. 5) Pumonary artery pressure and pumonary artery wedge pressure were decreased significantly (p<0.05) following increase of isoflurane, but there were no significant changes in central venous pressure, systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular resistance.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Arteries ; Central Venous Pressure ; Dogs* ; Heart Rate ; Isoflurane* ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure ; Stroke ; Vascular Resistance

We report a rare case of subepithelial hematoma of the renal pelvis (AntopoI-Goldman Lesion). A 55-year-old women visited our hospital because of gross hematuria. Ultrasonogram showed a 4cm well-defined solid mass of the left renal pelvis. Intravenous pyelography revealed compression of the left upper pelvicocalyceal system by the mass with contrast filling within the mass. CT scan revealed Iobulated well defined mass in the left renal pelvis extending into renal parenchyme. A transitional cell carcinoma or renal cell carcinoma was suspected radiologically, and the patient underwent left total nephrectomy. In pathology, the lesion turned out to be a subepithelial hemaroma. In the differential diagnosis of renal malignancy, a subepithelial hematoma of the renal pelvis may be included.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Hematoma* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Kidney Pelvis* ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; Pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography ; Urography

BACKGROUND: Since the demonstration of the fact that vascular relaxation by acetylcholine(Ach) results from the release of relaxing factor from the endothelium, the identity and physiology of this endothelium-derived relaxing factor(EDRF) has been the target for many researches. EDRF has been identified as nitric oxide(NO). With the recent evidences that EDRF is an important mediator of vascular tone, there have been increasing interests in defining the role of the EDRF as a potential mediator of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. But the role of EDRF in modulating the pulmonary circulation is not compeletely clarified. To investigate the endotbelium-dependent pulmonary vasodilation and the role of EDRF during hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, we studied the effects of N(G)-monornethyl-L-arginine(L-NMMA) and L-arginine on the precontracted pulmonary arterial rings of the rat in normoxia and hypoxia. METHODS: The pulmonary arteries of male Sprague Dawley(300~350g) were dissected free of surrounding tissue, and cut into rings. Rings were mounted over fine rigid wires, in organ chambers filled with 20ml of Krebs solution bubbled with 95 percent oxygen and 5 percent carbon dioxide and maintained at 37℃. Changes in isometric tension were recorded with a force transducer(FT. 03 Grass, Quincy, USA). RESULTS: 1) Precontraction of rat pulmonry artery with intact endothelium by phenylephrine(PE, 10(-6)M) was relaxed completely by acetylcholine(Ach, 10(-9) -10(-5)M) and sodium nitroprusside (SN, 10(-9) -10(-5)M), but relaxing response by Ach in rat pulmonary artery with denuded endothelium was significantly decreased. 2) L-NMMA(10-4M) pretreatment inhibited Ach(10(-9) -10(-5)M)-induced relaxation, but L-NMMA(10-4M) had no effect on relaxation induced by SN(10(-9) -10(-5)M). 3) Pretreatment of the L-arginine(10(-4)M) significantly reversed the inhibition of the Ach(10(-9) -10(-5)M)-induced relaxation caused by L-NMMA(10(-4)M). 4) Pulmonary arterial contraction by PE(10(-6)M) was stronger in hypoxia than normoxia but relaxing response by Ach(10(-9) -10(-5)M) was decreased. 5) With pretreatment of L-arginine(10(-4)M), pulmonary arterial relaxation by Ach(10(-9) -10(-5)M) in hypoxia was reversed to the level of relaxation in normoxia. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that rat pulmonary arterial relaxation by Ach is dependent on the intact endothelium and is largely mediated by NO. Acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is related to the suppression on NO formation in the vascular endothelium.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Arginine ; Arteries ; Carbon Dioxide ; Endothelium ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Humans ; Male ; Nitric Oxide* ; Nitroprusside ; omega-N-Methylarginine ; Oxygen ; Physiology ; Poaceae ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Circulation ; Rats* ; Relaxation* ; Vasoconstriction* ; Vasodilation