OBJECTIVES: Stress management is related to public healthcare and quality of life; an accurate stress classification method is necessary for the design of stress monitoring systems. Therefore, the goal of this study was to design a novel stress classification model using a deep learning method. METHODS: In this paper, we present a stress classification model using the dataset from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2013 to 2015 (KNHANES VI) to analyze stress-related health data. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the nine features of stress detection, and we evaluated the performance of the proposed stress classification by comparison with several stress detection models. The proposed model was also evaluated using Deep Belief Networks (DBN). RESULTS: We designed profiles depending on the number of hidden layers, nodes, and hyper-parameters according to the loss function results. The experimental results showed that the proposed model achieved an accuracy and a specificity of 66.23% and 75.32%, respectively. The proposed DBN model performed better than other classification models, such as support vector machine, naive Bayesian classifier, and random forest. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed model in this study was demonstrated to be effective in classifying stress detection, and in particular, it is expected to be applicable for stress prediction in stress monitoring systems.
Classification* ; Dataset ; Delivery of Health Care ; Forests ; Korea ; Learning ; Machine Learning ; Methods ; Nutrition Surveys ; Quality of Life ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Support Vector Machine

A pair of 19-year-old female identical twins was referred to our hospital with progressive visual loss. They exhibited bilateral chorioretinal atrophy involving the midperiphery on fundoscopy and fluorescein angiography. Bilateral visual field constriction was noted on dynamic Goldmann perimetry, and a markedly impaired response was observed on both photopic and scotopic electroretinograms. Cystoid macular edema was identified in both eyes on optical coherence tomography. Plasma levels of ornithine were elevated. Based on these observations, the patients were diagnosed with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by mutation analysis of the ornithine-delta-aminotransferase (OAT) gene. Patients were treated with a pyridoxine supplement (300 mg/day) and an arginine-restricted diet to lower plasma levels of ornithine, which were successfully reduced without progression of chorioretinal atrophy for 15 months. Our report describes the first case of gyrate atrophy in the Korean population diagnosed by OAT gene analysis and treated with vitamin B6 dietary supplementation.
DNA/*analysis ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Electroretinography ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fundus Oculi ; Gyrate Atrophy/*diagnosis/enzymology/genetics ; Humans ; *Mutation ; Ornithine-Oxo-Acid Transaminase/*genetics/metabolism ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity ; Young Adult

We studied the association of nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness with general characteristics, exposure concentration, respiratory symptoms, chest x-ray findings, past histories and pulmonary function. We determined bronchial hyperresponsiveness by methacholine challenge test. And we conducted a respiratory symptom questionnaire and performed spirometry on 111 workers occupationally exposed to isocyanates in various industries. About 21.6% of subjects had bronchial hyperresponsiveness. No significant differences were observed between the hyperresponsive and non-responsive group with respect to age, sex, employment period, height, and smoking histories cough and breathlessness were significantly associated with the bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The hyperresponsive group had more experience of bronchitis and asthma in the past than the non-responsive group. The lower FEV1 and FEV1 % were closely related with bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Bronchial hyperrespoosiveness seems to be associated with some of respiratory symptoms, past histories and pulmonary function parameters in workers exposed to isocyanates.
Asthma ; Bronchitis ; Cough ; Employment ; Isocyanates* ; Methacholine Chloride ; Occupations ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Spirometry ; Thorax

The corpus callosum consists of white fibers connecting the cerebral hemispheres. Agenesis of the corpus callosum is an uncommon congenital anomaly which is easily diagnosed in the postnatal period by ultrasound and computed tomographic scan or MRI, but its prenatal sonographic diagnosis is difficult because of fetal head positioning and limiting trans-axial scans. We experienced a case of agenesis of the corpus callusum with chromosomal anomaly. The prenatal sonographic findings are ventricular abnormalities that demonstrated dilatation of lateral ventricles and disproportionate enlargement of the occipital horns, which were suggestive findings for the corpus callosal agenesis. We could confim the diagnosis of the corpus callosal agenesis with chromosome anomaly by postnatal MRI and chromosome analysis.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum* ; Animals ; Cerebrum ; Corpus Callosum ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Head ; Horns ; Lateral Ventricles ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of vitrectomy combined with intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) and macular laser photocoagulation for the treatment of nontractional diabetic macular edema (DME) refractory to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. METHODS: Twenty-eight eyes from 28 subjects who were diagnosed with nontractional DME refractory to three or more sequential anti-VEGF injections underwent sequential vitrectomy, IVTA, and macular laser photocoagulation. Changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST) during the six months following vitrectomy were evaluated. Additionally, the CST and BCVA outcomes were compared with those of 26 eyes treated with the same triple therapy for nontractional DME refractory to conventional treatment, such as IVTA or macular laser photocoagulation, or both. RESULTS: The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution BCVAs before and one, three, and six months after vitrectomy were 0.44 +/- 0.15, 0.36 +/- 0.18, 0.31 +/- 0.14, and 0.34 +/- 0.22, respectively. The mean CSTs were 433.3 +/- 77.9, 329.9 +/- 59.4, 307.2 +/- 60.2, and 310.1 +/- 80.1 microns, respectively. The values of both BCVA and CST at one, three, and six months were significantly improved from baseline (p < 0.05). The extent of CST reduction during the first month after triple therapy was greater in eyes refractory to conventional treatment than in eyes refractory to anti-VEGF (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Vitrectomy combined with IVTA and macular laser photocoagulation had a beneficial effect on both anatomical and functional outcomes in eyes with nontractional DME refractory to anti-VEGF therapy.
Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diabetic Retinopathy/*drug therapy/*surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage ; Intravitreal Injections ; Light Coagulation/*methods ; Macula Lutea/drug effects/surgery ; Macular Edema/*drug therapy/*surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Triamcinolone Acetonide/*administration & dosage ; Vitrectomy/*methods

BACKGROUND: Isoflurane and propofol are known to have a low potential for hepatotoxicity. However, no study has compared the effects on hepatic function after of enflurane, isoflurane or propofol in tympanomatoidectomy. Anesthetic techniques should permit the maintenance of low blood pressure during operation for a bloodless surgical field. Because of a long operation time and low blood pressure, the liver may be damaged. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of isoflurane and propofol on liver function by comparing them with enflurane in patients who had been received tympanomatoidectomy. METHODS: Eighty-seven patients with normal liver function were studied following tympanomastiodectomy. The patients were randomly assigned to Group E (n = 28), who received enflurane, Group I (n = 30), who received isoflurane or Group P (n = 29), who received propofol. The plasma concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured on the day before the operation, and 1, 2 and 3 days after the operation. RESULTS: one and two days after the operation, all groups showed a significant increase in AST (P < 0.05), but this recovered to the baseline level at 3 days postoperatively, and there was no difference among the three groups. ALT and ALP were not changed until 3 days postoperatively in all groups, and there were no difference between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that there are no significant difference in terms of postoperative hepatic function after tympanomatoidectomy between the three groups.
Alanine Transaminase ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Enflurane* ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Isoflurane* ; Liver ; Plasma ; Propofol*

To report the surgical outcome of full-thickness sclerotomy in five cases of uveal effusion syndrome (UES). Full-thickness sclerotomy without sclerectomy was performed on five eyes of four patients with UES with or without nanophthalmos. In four of the eyes, exudative retinal detachment associated with UES resolved after the sclerotomy. The subretinal fluid in one eye, which had a normal axial length, was relieved after undergoing three sclerotomy procedures. Full-thickness sclerotomy without vortex vein decompression or sclerectomy is an effective surgical option for the management of significant UES.
Adult ; Aged ; Drainage/methods ; Exudates and Transudates/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/*methods ; Retinal Detachment/metabolism/surgery ; Sclera/*surgery ; Uveal Diseases/*metabolism/*surgery

BACKGROUND: Non-small cell lung cancer is one of the most frequent cause of death due to cancer in men, and its incidence among women is rapidly increasing. Although there has been a recent surge of interest in combined modality therapy for stage III non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), the optimal treatment is still not well established. Thoracic irradiation has long been the gold standard for locally advanced unresectable NSCLC. However, although conventional radiotherapy(XRT) can palliate symptom and improve local control of disease, it huts at most only a modest effect on survival. Recently, cisplatin(cia-diamminedichloroplatinum ) has been reported to enhance the cell-killing effect of radiation For patients with unresectable NSCLC, cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT) had the advantage of therapeutic response over XRT alone and therapeutic side effect more commonly occurred in CCRT group in EORTC(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer) and other trials. Objectives : We compared therapeutic response, compliance, and side effects between CCRT and XRT in patients with advanced NSCLC. Patients and METHOD: Thirty patients with biopsy-proven inoperable NSCLC were randomized to one of two treatment arms. Arm A consisted of XRT, radiotherapy for 4~6 weeks(1.8 Gy given 20~33 times, in five fractions a week), and arm B consisted of CCRT, radiotherapy for 2 weeks(3 Gy given 10 times, in five fractions a week), followed by 3 week rest period and then radiotherapy 2 more weeks(2.5 Gy given 10 timed in five fractions a week), combined with 6mg cisplatin per square meter, given daily before radiotherapy. We evaluate therapeutic response, compliance, change of performance status, side effects, and radiation pneumonitis by using the author's made scoring system. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in therapeutic response and compliance. But there was a significantly lower laboratory complication and radiation pneumonitis in CCRT group (p<0.05). There's significant negative correlation between stage and therapeutic response score in both groups(R=0.353, p<0.05). In both groups, patients with squamous cell carcinoma had a tendency to higher therapeutic response score than those with adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION: There was. no difference between CCRT and XRT in respect to therapeutic response and compliance. But CCRT had a advantage of decreased side effects.
Adenocarcinoma ; Arm ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cause of Death ; Chemoradiotherapy* ; Cisplatin ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Compliance ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Male ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; Radiotherapy*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) during sustained ventricular fibrillation (VF), the effects of gliburide, a specific blocker of KATP channel and PCO400, an KATP opener, were studied in isolated and perfused swine right ventricular free walls (n=). METHODS: Recording of single cell transmembrane potentials was performed and constructed action potential duration restitution (APDR) curve by plotting APD 90%(APD90) versus preceding diastolic interval (DI). RESULTS: All isolated tissues fibrillated spontaneously. In this preparation, stable VF could persist over a 4-hour period if it was allowed to continue undisturbed (n=). Gliburide (1-5 uM) increased DI without significant changes in APD90 during VF, resulting in more regularization of VF. Higher concentration (10-20 uM) increased both APD90 and DI, and converted to monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (MVT) through the transitional period characterized by APD alternans. PCO400 (1-2.5 uM) caused a significant shortening of APD during MVT and a period of APD alternans became more evident before conversion from MVT to VF. Gliburide eliminated profibrillatory effect of PCO400. This antifibrillatory action of gliburide was accompanied by gradual decrease in the maximum slope of APDR curve during VF. CONCLUSION: KATP channel blockade causes a transition from VF to MVT via lengthening of DI and APD alternans, concomitantly with a reduction of the slope of APD restitution curve.
Action Potentials ; Membrane Potentials ; Potassium Channels ; Swine ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Ventricular Fibrillation*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term anatomical and functional results of macular buckling for retinal detachment associated with a macular hole in high myopia. METHODS: Eleven consecutive highly myopic eyes with retinal detachment and macular holes were retrospectively studied between January 2002 and September 2010. All cases developed after pars plana vitrectomy for internal limiting membrane removal, for the treatment of retinal detachment associated with a macular hole, or vitreomacular traction with a macular hole. Macular buckling with an episcleral sponge was performed for all cases. The mean follow-up period after macular buckling was 45.1 months (range from 12 to 102 months). Retinal reattachment and macular hole closure after the surgery and best-corrected visual acuity before and after the surgery were evaluated. RESULTS: Nine out of 11 eyes were successfully treated with the macular buckling procedure. In the remaining 2 eyes, retinal re-detachment occurred with anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy. In these eyes, successful retinal attachment occurred after reoperation with silicone oil tamponade. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed after the surgery in 10 out of 11 eyes and the macular hole closure rate was 30%. The mean best corrected visual acuity went from counting fingers preoperatively to 0.06 postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The macular buckling procedure is effective for retinal detachment associated with a macular hole in high myopia, especially following an unsuccessful pars plana vitrectomy with removal of inner retinal traction.
Eye ; Fingers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Membranes ; Myopia ; Porifera ; Reoperation ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Silicone Oils ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Traction ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative