The most important spinal disorders in childhood are malformations and mass lesions. High-resolution, real-time ultrasonography of the spine enables the differentation of intraand paraspinal structures in a significant way. This examination does not require sedation, does not use radiation, can be performed in the nursery or an incubator and is less expensive than computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The sonographic appearence of the various kinds of spinal dysraphism is demonstrated and illustrated. Based on our preliminary experience spinal sonography appears to be useful in neonates and infants as the first imaging device for differentiation of cmplex malformation and as a screeing method for occult spinal dysraphism.
Humans ; Incubators ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neural Tube Defects ; Nurseries ; Spinal Dysraphism* ; Spine ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Atrophy* ; Temporal Lobe*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of MRI in the management of cervical cancer treated by conventional four-field whole pelvic irradiation. METHOD AND MATERIAL: Between 1993-march and 1994-february, 20 patients(4 Stage I B, 3 Stage U A, 13 Stage U B) with invasive cervical cancer were eligible for evaluation of accuracy of conventionally designed lateral treatment field without MRI determination. RESULTS: 5 out of 20 Patients had inadequate margin without MRI. The position of uterine fundus was more important than cervix in correction of field size and the center of treatment field. CONCLUSION: This Preliminary date show MRI determination of uterine position prior to radiotherapy planning is essential in the case of four-field whole pelvic irradiation technique.
Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Radiotherapy* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

The present study was undertaken to investigate serum carboxyhemoglobin levels in smokers according to the amount of cigarrettes. many studies have shown definite and consistent relations between smoking and ischemic heart disease. The purpose of this study is to show that COHb levels can be used to discriminate between persons having certain ischemic heart disease and persons without these disease more accurately than is possible by using smoking history alone, and thus to suggest that this may be a good indicators of risk. The results of this study are as follow : 1) The incidence of ischemic heart disease in smoker is higher than that in non-smoker. 2) For a given COHb level there is no clear increasing trend in the population of affected subjects with increasing cigarette consumption and there is no significant change cigarette consumption under duration of 10 year's smoking history. 3) For a moderate and a heavy smoking categories there is a consistent effect of an increasing proportion of affected subjects as the COHb level rises and there is a significant change with COHb level under duration of 10 year's smoking history. 4) The same results are as over duration of 10 year's history. 5) There were no significant interaction between under duration of 10 year's smoking history and over duration of 10 year's smoking history. In conclusion, it seemed that cigarette smoking may play an important factor in development of ischemic heart disease by increasing serum carboxyhemoglobin level.
Carboxyhemoglobin* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Myocardial Ischemia* ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Products

BACKGROUND: The growth of elderly population increased the need for oral health care. Elderly patients with poor teeth alignment needs more attention with orthodontic treatment METHODS: Elderly patients visiting department of orthodontics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital between 2000-2004 were treated with fixed appliances in one or both dental arches. Treatment plans were different from than that of younger patients and included uncommon and strategic removals of teeth and prosthesis. RESULTS: There was decrease in orthodontic treatment forces with increasing age, and the observation made from this study was favorable in the patients' as well as in the orthodontist's, point of view. It was possible to move the remaining teeth considerably, and the retention was made with various fixed appliances. CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontic treatment is not limited by patient age. However, it is wise not to extend treatment goals too far beyond the patients' objective needs
Aged* ; Dental Arch ; Heart ; Humans ; Oral Health ; Orthodontics ; Prostheses and Implants ; Tooth

BACKGROUND: Endobroncheal intubation or extubation may occur accidentally when the patient's neck is flexed or extended even in the appropriate endotracheal intubation. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of fixation or unfixation of the endotracheal tube at the teeth level on the displacement of its distal end when the patient's neck is extended or flexed. METHODS: This study was conducted in 37 patients who underwent endotracheal general anesthesia. The patients with the evidence of pathology in head, neck and chest were excluded from the study. Individual patient's displacement in endotracheal tube tip compared unfixed cases with fixed cases when the change of neck position. The moved distance was measured by fiberoptic bronchoscope. The data were statistically analyzed by Student's paired t-test. RESULTS: The endotracheal tube moved away from the carina when the patient's neck was extended, while it moved toward the carina when flexed in all cases. When the patient's neck was extended the average distance displaced 1.2 0.7 cm in fixed cases and 1.1 0.9 cm in unfixed cases. when the neck was flexed, they were 1.2 0.5 cm and 1.0 0.8 cm respectively. There were not statistically significant between the fixed and the unfixed cases. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the displacement of the endotracheal tube is not related to its fixation or unfixation at the teeth level and therefore, unfixation does not provide any benefits in terms of the displacement of the distal end of the tube in adult trachea.
Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Bronchoscopes ; Head ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Neck* ; Pathology ; Thorax ; Tooth ; Trachea

Subcutaneous emphysema is a complication of the pneumoperitoneum necessary to perform laparoscopy and will be seen more often as laparoscopic techniques are applied to a growing number of intraabdominal procedures. We report a case of subcutaneous emphysema and hypercarbia without pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which was treated by multiple puncture with 18G needle on emphysematous site. The suspected cause is inadvertent subcutaneous insufflation of carbon dioxide through the trocar sites by increased intra-abdominal pressure for the establishment of pneumoperitoneum. Immediate recognition, evaluation, and treatment of subcutaneous emphysema is necessary since this can be life-threatening complication.
Carbon Dioxide ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Insufflation ; Laparoscopy ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Needles ; Pneumoperitoneum ; Pneumothorax ; Punctures ; Subcutaneous Emphysema* ; Surgical Instruments

The human motor cortex can be stimulated by electric shock or by brief intense magnetic fields. Transcranial magnetic stimulations(TCMS) cause only a trivial scalp sensation, compared with electrical stimulations. TCMS caused contralateral hand muscle responses and the resultant compound muscle action potentials or motor evoked potentials can be recorded. Central motor conduction time(CMCT) can be estimated by stimulating over the scalp and over the cervical area. In healthy subjects, the CMCT is 10.3+/-1.8ms(n=70 sides). Facilitation of responses in hand muscle is produced by voluntary contraction and the overall latency from scalp to hand muscle is shorter by 2.4ms(n=24 sides). TCMS is a non-invasive method to evaluate the central motor pathways and inaccessable portion of the peripheral pathways and so it has important implications not only for the diagnosis of disorders in the central motor pathways but also for evaluating treatments.
Action Potentials ; Diagnosis ; Efferent Pathways ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials, Motor* ; Hand ; Humans ; Magnetic Fields ; Motor Cortex ; Scalp ; Sensation ; Shock ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation*

The results of alpha-acetyldigoxin(Dioxanin(R)) administration in 21 patients with congestive heart failure were as follows. Alpha-acetyldigoxin is a new oral preparation of cardiac glycoside derived from lanatosid C. 1. For rapid digitalization in 2-3 days, the initial dose was 1.2 to 2.6mg (average 1.96mg). For medium-fast digitalization in 4 days, the loading dose was 2.0 to 3.2mg (average 2.7mg). For slow digitalization 0.1 to 0.4mg was required for 5 to 6 days without loading dose. The maintenance dose was 0.1 to 0.4mg (average 0.33mg) daily. 2. The therapeutic effect of acetyldigoxin was excellent in 15 cases (71%), good in 4 cases (20%) and stationary in 2 cases (9%). 3. Side effects were observed in 2 cases with usual dosage regimen. One accidental case who took single dose of 4mg(20 tablests) developed supraventricular tachycardia with varying degree of atrioventricular block, ventricular bigeminy and premature beat but recovered completely after 6 days.
Acetyldigoxins* ; Atrioventricular Block ; Cardiac Complexes, Premature ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Heart Failure* ; Humans ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular

The tetralogy of Fallot is the commonest cyanotic congenital heart disease and is not a single entity but is classified according to variations in clinical and hemodynamic findings based primarily on the degree of pulmonary stenosis and the size of the ventricular septal defect. Total surgical correction was performed with Sarns 500 pump oxygenator, hypothermia 28 to 30 C and perfusion flow rates of 2. 4 L/min/m2. A successfully performed tetralogy of Fallot discussed mainly fromthe pathophysiological view.
Anesthesia* ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Hemodynamics ; Hypothermia ; Oxygen ; Oxygenators ; Perfusion ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; Tetralogy of Fallot*