Great strides has been made in the past 20 years in the treatment of scoliosis. Treatment before scoliosis becomes severe eliminates the need for extensive surgery. Early detection of scoliosis by school screening has proven to be valuable for early diagnosis and prevention of severe deformities. Authors screened 5,256 middle and high school students in Seoul, who were chosen arbitrarily, to determine the incidence rates of scoliosis, and following results were obtained. 1. Scoliosis was diagnosed on a combination of at least one positive physical sign and a lateral curvature more than 5 degrees on an antero-posterior standing X-ray. 2. The overall incidence of scoliosis was 4.68% (Male 0.74%, Female 6.43%). 3. Idiopathic scoliosis was found in 238 students, congenital scoliosis in 5, and paralytic scoliosis in 3. 4. The most common pattern of curvature was thoracic curve. 5. In the single curve right to left ratio was 2.1, but 8.4 in the upper curve of double curve. 6. Close observations were required for all the 246 students and treatment was required in 14 students who had more than 20 degrees, 9 students for Milwaukee brace, and 5 students for surgical correction.
Braces ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Scoliosis ; Seoul

Local anesthesia for arthroscopic procedure of the knee is an increasinglv popular technique that avoids the use of general anesthesia and the associated risks of respiratory depression, aspiration, and postoperative sedation. Many authors, for example McGinty etc., Martin, Yoshiya etc., advocated local anesthesia as safe and efficient method for arthroscopic procedures of the knee. We performed arthoroscopy of the knee under local anesthesia on 150 patients for diagnostic and operative purposes between January l993 and December l996. The technique of local anesthesia that we used was that 20cc of 0.5%; bupivacaine with I:200,000 epinephrine was injected into superolateral portal of the knee joint and additional 10-20cc ot 1% lidocaine into the arthroscopic portals. Pnevmatic tourniquet wa, not applied in all cases. We analysed the 150 cases and the results were as follows; The diagnostic arthroscopy was performed in 50 cases and the operative arthroscopy was in 100 cases. The duration ot local anethesia was from 4 hours to 12 hours, with an average of 6 hours. In 35 cases arthroscopy was performed as outpatient procedure and average hospital stay excluding other problem was 5 days. No complication related to systemic toxicity by local anesthetics was observed. Conclusively arthroscopy of the knee under local anesthesia is safe and effective procedure to avoid the risks of general anesthesia but patients selection is very important.
Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Local* ; Anesthetics, Local ; Arthroscopy* ; Bupivacaine ; Epinephrine ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Knee* ; Length of Stay ; Lidocaine ; Outpatients ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Tourniquets

Bipotent progenitors for T and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes are thought to exist among early precursor thymocytes or liver lymphocytes. The identification of such a progenitor population or mature NK cells in such organs remains undefined. Here we report the identification of a novel receptor of NK cells, p58 (HLA class I-specific inhibitory receptors), in fetal thymocytes and fetal liver lymphocytes. Our finding suggests the NK cells mature in the developmental stage during feta1 ontogeny. Flow cytometric analysis revealed p58 positive cells in thymocytes or in fetal liver lymphocytes and reverse transcription PCR also showed amplification of p58 RNA. The result of single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) showed it discriminates one or two base pair differences of the p58 gene. Although the question still remains as to whether the expression of p58 is due to the NK cells or natural T cells, it is clear the p58 is expressed in fetal thymocytes or liver lymphocytes. And SSCP analysis using appropriate sets of primers used in this study, is helpful to study the diversity of p58.
Base Pairing ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Liver* ; Lymphocytes* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA ; T-Lymphocytes ; Thymocytes*

Fetal thymus may be the organ for NK cell maturation, but the in vivo evidences are few, Here, by analyzing NK cell receptor, we present that NK cells develop in fetal thymus and fetal liver and that NK cell receptor appears earlier than the expression CD16 or CD56. Moreover, the finding that the repertoire of NK cell receptor is different between fetal thymus and fetal liver lymphocytes suggests that the environmental factors may influence the NK cell receptor repertoire during NK cell maturation.
Killer Cells, Natural* ; Liver* ; Lymphocytes* ; Thymocytes* ; Thymus Gland

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of the platform switching concept on an implant system and peri-implant bone using three-dimensional finite element analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two three-dimensional finite element models for wide platform and platform switching were created. In the wide platform model, a wide platform abutment was connected to a wide platform implant. In the platform switching model, the wide platform abutment of the wide platform model was replaced by a regular platform abutment. A contact condition was set between the implant components. A vertical load of 300 N was applied to the crown. The maximum von Mises stress values and displacements of the two models were compared to analyze the biomechanical behavior of the models. RESULTS: In the two models, the stress was mainly concentrated at the bottom of the abutment and the top surface of the implant in both models. However, the von Mises stress values were much higher in the platform switching model in most of the components, except for the bone. The highest von Mises values and stress distribution pattern of the bone were similar in the two models. The components of the platform switching model showed greater displacement than those of the wide platform model. CONCLUSION: Due to the stress concentration generated in the implant and the prosthodontic components of the platform switched implant, the mechanical complications might occur when platform switching concept is used.
Crowns ; Dental Implant-Abutment Design ; Dental Implants ; Finite Element Analysis*

Primary sclerosing cholangitis, a chronic cholestatic liver disease, is uncommon and is characterized byinflammation and fibrosis of the bile ducts. It frequently occurs in association with ulcerative colitis. Wedescribe two cases of primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with ulcerative colitis.
Bile Ducts ; Cholangitis ; Cholangitis, Sclerosing* ; Colitis, Ulcerative* ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; Ulcer*

Previous reported ocular complications of interferon alfa administration are extremely rare. These include oculomotor palsy, corneal allograft rejection, retinal hemorrhage and cotton wool patches. A 15-year-old boy with chronic hepatitis B was treated with interferon alpha for six months, and then developed glaucoma. After the interferon therapy had been discontinued the glaucoma improved. Accordingly, we report a case of glaucoma development during the course of interferon alpha therapy for chronic hepatitis B.
Adolescence ; Case Report ; Glaucoma/chemically induced* ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy* ; Human ; Interferon-alpha/adverse effects* ; Male

The renoprotective activities of white ginseng radix and rootlet were compared in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) with diabetes. During oral administration of white ginseng radix (Ginseng Radix Alba, GRA) and white ginseng rootlet (Ginseng Radix Palva, GRP) for four weeks, arterial blood pressure and blood glucose levels were determined at every 10 days. In both GRA- and GRP-treatment groups, arterial blood pressures started to go down after 10 days of administration and maintained throughout the study period. After four weeks administrations of GRA and GRP, diastolic blood pressures were significantly decreased with 17% and 9%, respectively. GRA treatment also decreased blood glucose levels after 10 days of administration when compared with diabetic SHR group. At the end of the experiment, serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were not significantly different between the groups, except 62% higher value of BUN in diabetic SHR group when compared with SHR group. In the diabetic SHR group, the excretion of urinary albumin was increased significantly when compared with SHR. The level of urinary albumin in GRA treated group was markedly reduced when compared with diabetic SHR group (67.8 4.7 vs. 131.3 13.5 mg/24 h). To examine the effects of ginseng radices on an overt diabetic nephropathy, index of kidney hypertrophy and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) protein levels were evaluated. The glomerular and tubular cells stained positive for TGF-beta1 seemed to be more abundant in diabetic SHR than in those with SHR, and GRA treated rats showed somewhat less TGF-beta1 protein in glomerular and tubular cells when compared with diabetic SHR. Our results suggest that GRA might be a useful antihypertensive and antidiabetic agent with renoprotective effect.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Creatinine ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Hypertrophy ; Kidney ; Panax* ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

PURPOSE: Previously reported ocular complications of interferon alfa administration are extremely rare. We experienced a 15-year-old boy with chronic hepatitis B who developed glaucoma after interferon alfa therapy. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the possible development of glaucoma after interferon alfa therapy for chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: Nine patients with chronic hepatitis B who visited Inha university hospital between February 1998 and July 1999 received interferon alfa therapy. We measured visual acuity, intraocular pressure, C/D ratio, and visual field examination at pre-interferon therapy, three and six months after therapy, respectively. RESULTS: The total number of patients was 9 (4 boys and 5 girls). Mean age was 11.7±4.1 years. The duration of therapy was 6 months and mean dosage of interferon was 5 million units. Compared with visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and C/D ratio at pre-therapy, those parameters at 3 months and 6 months after therapy showed no significant differences and none showed visual field defect after therapy. CONCLUSION: Our prospective study showed no evidence of development of glaucoma after interferon therapy. However, it is necessary to be concerned about the possibility of developing glaucoma or other ophthalmologic diseases after interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis B.
Adolescent ; Glaucoma ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; Interferons ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields

PURPOSE: To evaluate the result of tibial shaft fractures in children treated with pin and plaster method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 1998 to February 2003, Tibial shaft fractures in thirty six pediatric patients which were treated with pin and plaster method were clinically and radiologicaly evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: Mean bony union duration was 9.8 weeks. All fractures healed within acceptable angulations. There was neither delayed union nor nonunion. There were complications related to the pins, including superficial and deep infection, skin sloughing. There were 7 cases of tibial overgrowth but they had no functional disability. CONCLUSION: Pin and plaster method can substitute other operative methods in tibial fractures in children which is difficult to reduce or maintain reduction by conservative treatment.
Child* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Tibial Fractures*