Early detection of spine deformities by school screening has proven to be valuable for early diagnosis and prevention of severe deformities. Authors screened 1,620 middle and high school male students Seoul who were chosen arbitrarily, to determine the incidence rates of scoliosis. Authors diagnosed scoliosis on a combination of at least one positive physical sign and a lateral curvature more thar 5 degrees on an antero-posterior standing X-ray. According to this criteria 12 students were diagnosed as having scoliosis. They were analyzed for positive physical signs, etiology, degree of curvature. distribution of size of curvature, patterns of curvature, direction of curvation, and following results were obtained. 1. The overall incidence of scoliosis was 0.74%. 2. Idiopathic scoliosis was found in 10 students, congenital scoliosis in 1, and paralytic scoliosis in 1. 3. Rib humps, whose right to left ratio was 5, were found in 6 students, lumbar humps, whose right to left ratio was 0. 2. in 6 students, and shoulder elevation, whose direction were all to right, in 4 students. 4. Close observations were required for all the 12 students and treatment was required in 2 students who had more than 20 degrees, one for Milwaukee brace, and the other for surgical correction. 5. The most common pattern of curvature was thoracic curve. 6. in single curve right to left ratio was 2.7.
Braces ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Ribs ; Scoliosis ; Seoul ; Shoulder ; Spine

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by hyperproliferation and incomplete differentiation of keratinocytes. Mounting scientific evidence suggests that this epidermal alteration occurs as a response to an immunologic injury, giving rise to the concept that psoriasis is a skin-specific autoimmune disease. Indeed, many effective therapeutic agents for psoriasis are immunosuppressive in nature, lending further support to this view. The well known ability of calcipotriene and 1,25(OH)2D3 to inhibit keratinocyte proliferation and to induce its differentiation is certainly compatible with their antipsoriatic actions. In addition, topical calcipotriene has been shown to correct, at least in part, the local cytokine imbalance observed in psoriatic lesions. Interleukin (IL)-8 is a proinflammatory cytokine that is chemotactic for polymorphonuclear cells and T lymphocytes. It also promotes proliferation of keratinocytes and endothelial cells. In lesional psoriatic skin, IL-8 and its receptor levels are markedly elevated. IL-10 is an immunosuppressive cytokine, which as a type2 (T2) cytokine antagonizes cell-mediated immunity. Indeed, IL-10 administration has been shown to improve psoriasis. Topical calcipotriene markedly reduces elevated levels of IL-8 while simultaneously increasing IL-10 levels in lesional skin of psoriasis. These changes occur very early, within the first three days of therapy, prior to significant clinical improvement of psoriasis, indicating that the cytokine alterations are not simply secondary to resolution of psoriatic plaques. Therefore, elaboration of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 and a concomitant reduction in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 may mediate the immunopharmacological improvementin psoriasis by calcipotriene.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Cholecalciferol ; Cytokines ; Endothelial Cells ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunosuppression ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-8 ; Interleukins ; Keratinocytes ; Psoriasis ; Skin Diseases ; Skin* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Vitamin D* ; Vitamins*

Great strides has been made in the past 20 years in the treatment of scoliosis. Treatment before scoliosis becomes severe eliminates the need for extensive surgery. Early detection of scoliosis by school screening has proven to be valuable for early diagnosis and prevention of severe deformities. Authors screened 5,256 middle and high school students in Seoul, who were chosen arbitrarily, to determine the incidence rates of scoliosis, and following results were obtained. 1. Scoliosis was diagnosed on a combination of at least one positive physical sign and a lateral curvature more than 5 degrees on an antero-posterior standing X-ray. 2. The overall incidence of scoliosis was 4.68% (Male 0.74%, Female 6.43%). 3. Idiopathic scoliosis was found in 238 students, congenital scoliosis in 5, and paralytic scoliosis in 3. 4. The most common pattern of curvature was thoracic curve. 5. In the single curve right to left ratio was 2.1, but 8.4 in the upper curve of double curve. 6. Close observations were required for all the 246 students and treatment was required in 14 students who had more than 20 degrees, 9 students for Milwaukee brace, and 5 students for surgical correction.
Braces ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Scoliosis ; Seoul

No abstract available in English.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Paraplegia

Msny clinical and experimental studies trying to elucidate the cause of idiopathic scoliosis have been carried out. There, however, is no established theory to explain it. This paper is aimed at approaching one of various causes of idiopathic scoliosis by producing thoracic scoliosis in growing rabbits with unilateral resection of thoracic spinal nerves. All 43 rabbits were divided into four different groups. The first group(11 rabbits) consisted of rsbbits whose primary anterior and posterior divisions of the unilateral thoracic spinal nerves were resected. The second(11 rabbits) and the third(11 rabbits) were groups of rabbits whose primary anterior and posterior devisions were resected respectively. The fourth(10 rabbits) was the control group. The first group of rsbbits showed the most prominent curvature of the spine. The group of resection of primary posterior division showed less severe scoliosis than the first group but more marked scoliosis than the group of resection of primary anterior division. The biopsy of the denervated muscles included in the scoliosis revealed atrophy. It is concluded from the animal experiments with 43 growing rabbits that unilateral paralysis of the thoracic spinal nerves could be one csuse of iniopathic scoliosis and the primary posterior division of the thoracic spinal nerve contributed to the production of scoliosis more than the primary anterior division.
Animal Experimentation ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Muscles ; Paralysis ; Rabbits ; Scoliosis ; Spinal Nerves ; Spine

Endoprosthetic replacement was performed in 38 patients at the department of orthopedic surgery, Seoul National University Hospital in the past ten years from May, 1968, and following results were obtained. 1. Among 38 patients, fracture was in 33 patients, avascular necrosis in 3,and osteoarthritis in 2. 2. Austin-M oore prosthesis was used in 31 patients and Thompson prosthesis in 7. 3. The youngest age was 34 years old and the oldest 85, and the peak incidence was in 7th decade in male and 8th decade in female. 4. The most common type of femur neck fracture was transcervical (60.6%) followed with basal neck (21.1%) and subcapitel (18.2%) 5. Of 33 cases of femur neck fracture, 21 patients (63.6%) was admitted more than 3 weeks after injury. 6. Moore type Southern approach was used most frequently (55.2%). 7. In 36 patients (94.6%), early weight bearing was permitted within 3 weeks, and 25 patients (65.7%) were discharged within 2 weeks after surgery. 8. Minor complications were encountered in 12 patients (31.5%), and none were severe. 9. In follow up of more than 3 months, good to excellent results were obtained in 75%.
Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Joint ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Neck ; Necrosis ; Orthopedics ; Osteoarthritis ; Prostheses and Implants ; Seoul ; Weight-Bearing

In vivo and in vitro culture of rat tumor chondrocytes is a good culture model for physiologic, pathologic and biochemical studies of tumor chondrocytes. Human tumor chondrocyte culture is another method, but it is difficult to maintain a cell line and in vivo culture. So called, Swarm Rat Chondrosarcoma, which wss developed spontaneously in a Spra-gue-Dawley rat and maintained by Dr. R. Swarm, can be cultured in vivo and in vitro at the same time. It is easy to maintain Swarm Rat Chondrosarcoma and is said that there are nearly no notable changes in cellular characteristics during consecutive cultures. In this study, in order to establish the basic culture method of rat tumor chondrocytes, the inoculated tumor mass were studied with swarm rat chondrosarcoma cell line which had been preserved at Orthopedic Research Laboratory of the Msssachusetts General Hospital. In vivo culture, injection of digested 1×10(6) cells, 1×10(7) cells and direct inoculation of tumor of mass were done at each 10 Sprague-Dawley rats group and examination was done at postinoculation 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 weeks. In vitro culture, 1×10(6)/ml, 2×10(6)/ml and 4×10(6)/ml concentration cell suspensions were plated at 96-well-plate and observed at 2, 3, 4 and S days with inverted microscope. The results of this study are as follows. 1. In vivo culture, the best result was observed at direct inoculation of tumor fragments among 1×10(6) cells, 1×10(7) cells and direct tumor fragments inoculation. 2. The ideal time of obtaining tumor mass growing in rsts is between 4 to 6 weeks after inoculation. 3. In vitro culture, the proper cell density in 96-well-plate was 1 x 10(6)/ml among 1×10(6)/ml, 2×10(6)/ml snd 4 × 10(6)/ml.
Animals ; Cell Count ; Cell Line ; Chondrocytes ; Chondrosarcoma ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Suspensions

The treatment of supracondylar fracture of humerus in children has so many pitfalls as to be once called "supracondylar dilemma". The authors analyzed the follow-up results of fifty-six displaced extension type supracondylar fractures treated by percutaneous pinning and by open reduction from 1982 to 1989. The mean age was 7.6 years, ranging from three years to fifteen years. Forty three fractures were treated by percutaneous pinning and thirteen by open reduction. According to the modified Flynn's criteria, the results of the treatment by percutaneous pinning were excellent 36%, good 32%, fair 25% and poor 7%, while those of open reduction were 8%, 42%, 8% and 42% , respectively, on average follow up of 1.4 years. Post-operative complications were found in seven cases (16.7%) of percutaneous pinning, and in five cases(38.5%) of open reduction. Poorly chosen surgical approach for open reduction was appeared to be related with unsatisfactory results. We believe that percutaneous pinning was a simple, effective method for treatment of displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus. We agree, however, that open reduction is still indicated if manipulative reduction before pinning is unacceptable, or if the fracture is complicated by neurovascular or open injury.
Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Humerus ; Methods

No abstract available.
Ganglia* ; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome*

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to investigate the optimum dose of diazepam to reduce the recurrence of febrile seizures and side effects in children with febrile seizures. METHODS: The subjects of this study included 528 children with febrile seizures (3 months-5 years of age) who were admitted to Eulji University Hospital (Daejeon, Korea) from January 2008 to December 2011. The children divided into four groups according to the dose of diazepam; Group I, 121 patients, received no diazepam therapy, group II, 129 patients, received oral diazepam in a single dose of 0.1 mg/kg after the febrile seizures, group III, 127 patients, 0.2 mg/kg, and group IV, 151 patients, 0.3 mg/kg, respectively. RESULTS: Seizures recurred in 6 of 129 children (4.7%) in group II, 1of 127 children (0.8%) in group III, and none of 151 children in group IV recurred. For the 121 untreated patients, febrile seizures recurred in 20 (16.5%) children. This study revealed a significant difference in the rate of recurrence of febrile seizures between children treated with diazepam and those who were not. And the recurrence rate was decreased by the increment of the dosage of diazepam, but there was no significant difference between groups. The side effects were observed in 19.9% of children treated with diazepam, 3.9% in group II, 12.6% in group III, and 39.7% in group IV, The rate of side effect was also increased with the increment of the dosage. CONCLUSION: An oral diazepam therapy will reduce the incidence of recurrent febrile seizures during the same febrile illnesses. We think the optimum dose of diazepam is 0.1 mg/kg or 0.2 mg/kg rather than 0.3 mg/kg. However, the use of oral diazepam after a febrile seizure should be carefully considered with weighing the benefits and potential adverse effects.
Child ; Diazepam ; Humans ; Incidence ; Psychotherapy, Group ; Recurrence ; Seizures ; Seizures, Febrile