No abstract available.
Myocutaneous Flap*

Botulinum toxin type A is a neurotoxin produced by clostridium botulinum that blocks the presynaptic release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. This blockade of the neuromuscular junction is definitive, but the existence of nerve sprouting explains the reversible nature of the paralysis induced by injection of this toxin. The clinical effect appears between the 3rd and 7th day after injection. The author had experienced 218 cases from January 1999 to September 1999. We injected toxin on forehead (96 cases), glabella (91 cases), crow's feet (88 cases), neck (12 cases), nasolabial fold (9 cases), masseter muscle (8 cases), and chin (7 cases). The author obtained wrinkles decreased significantly. The effect during the period of activity of the toxin, which lasted 3 to 6 months after injection and masseter muscle area lasted 6 to 9 months. The advantage of botulinum toxin injection is the effective treatment with wrinkles in upper half of face and neck and no disturbance in daily life. The disadvantage of botulinum toxin injection is the feeling of masked face after injection, short duration, and sometimes unwilling facial expression.
Acetylcholine ; Botulinum Toxins* ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; Chin ; Clostridium botulinum ; Facial Expression ; Foot ; Forehead ; Masks ; Masseter Muscle ; Nasolabial Fold ; Neck ; Neuromuscular Junction ; Paralysis ; Surgery, Plastic*

PURPOSE: Generally speaking, most of Korean have smaller eyes than those of Caucasian and they have epicanthus with narrow palpebral fissure. It makes external appearance looking dull because the length of the palpebral fissure is short and there is a epicanthus. In case the function of the levator muscle is weak, their eyes look much smaller. Epicanthus and weak levator muscle function make the eyes look dull. The above mentioned, authors want to introduce double eyelid operation, epicanthoplasty, levator plication to extend and lengthen the palpebral fissure. METHODS: From August 2001 to August 2004, there were 138 cases that had double eyelid operation with epicanthoplasty or levator plication. the 69 cases of them had double eyelid operation and epicanthoplasty, the 33 cases of them had double eyelid operation and levator plication and the 36 cases of them had double eyelid operation and epicanthoplasty and levator plication. RESULTS: After the operation, the length and height of the eyelid are improved remarkably, and most of the patients were satisfied. The length of the eyelid is improved 3to5mm(3.4+/-0.5mm) in case of the epicanthoplasty, the width of the eyelid is improved 3 to 4mm (3.1+/-0.3mm) by the levator plication. The length of the eyelid is improved 3to5(3.4+/-0.4mm) and the width is improved 2to4mm(2.9+/-0.5mm) by the epicanthoplasty used levator plication. CONCLUSION: The improvement of the eyelid length is almost the same as epicanthoplasty and levator plication are done simultaneously. But the improvement of the eyelid width is less shorter when epicanthoplasty and levator plication are done simultaneously than the case of levator plication alone. This is because there is a tension influencing on the limitation of widening palpebral fissure to fix the epicanthal tendon. This method is recommendable for the patients who want to have much bigger eyes.
Eye ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Muscles ; Tendons

The maxillary alveolar ridge separates the palate from the lip and clefts of the primary palate have a cleft of the alveolus as well. In the most common clefts of the primary palate, the alveolar portion of the cleft is located between the lateral incisor, if present, and the canine. The cleft may also pass between the central incisor and the lateral incisor, rarer forms of clefts may pass between the central incisor or more distally on the maxillary arch. There are still considerable differences of opinion as to the optimal time for closure of alveolar defects, with or without concomitant bone grafting. But the preferred time for the operation with bone graft is between age 9 and 11 before the canine teeth have fully erupted. As an alternative to primary bone grafting, Skoog developed the periosteoplasty, or "boneless bone graft" technique, in which periosteal continuity was established between maxillary segments by the transfer of local periosteal flaps from the anterior maxillary wall. this procedure, which takes advantage of the propensity of periosteum to form bone in young children, leads to the formation of new bone within the alveolar cleft in spite of the fact that no bone graft is used.This study attempts to defin the effectiveness of early alveolar cleft repair with gingivo-vestibular-mucoperiosteal flap.The results in 6 unilateral alveolar clefts and 1 bilateral alveolar cleft, which is corrected early by gingivo-vestibular-mucoperiosteal flap, have been satisfactory alveolar arch continuity and alveolar bone formation with tooth eruption.
Alveolar Process ; Bone Transplantation ; Child ; Cuspid ; Humans ; Incisor ; Lip ; Osteogenesis ; Palate ; Periosteum ; Tooth Eruption ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Tissue Expansion*

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans(DFSP) is a rare, distinctive cutsneous tumor originating in the dermis that appears as a raised uninodular or multinodular lesion on the trunk or the proximal extremities. In about 10% of the cases, DFSP arises in childhood and it is rarely evident already at birth. Histopathologically, DFSP shows the chsracteristic storiform and cartwheel patterns, with the fibroblasts arranged radially about a small central hub of fibrous tissue. We report herein a case of childhood DFSP in a 7-year-old boy.
Child ; Dermatofibrosarcoma* ; Dermis ; Extremities ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Male ; Parturition

No abstract available.

No abstract available.