No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: To date, a laparoscopic gastrectomy has been performed by a small number of surgeons around the world, but the laparoscopic approach has been extended to Billroth I and a total gastrectomy. To evaluate the validity of the procedure, we present the results of six patients who underwent a gastrectomy using a laparoscopic technique. METHODS: First, two patients had a totally intra-abdominal laparoscopic B-II gastrectomy, and one of two also had a bilateral truncal vagotomy. The rest had a laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy. One patient had concurrently an open reduction and an internal fixation with a K-wire for a patellar fracture. Indications were (a) gastric outlet obstruction due to peptic ulcer disease in five patients and (b) duodenal ulcer bleeding in one patient. RESULTS: Except for one patient who had stump leakage, which was solved by conservative therapy, there were no complications or operative mortality. The operating time and the cost were less for the patients who had their operations later in the series and who had laparoscopic-assisted operation. CONCLUSIONS: These forms of laparoscopic gastric surgery for patients with complications of peptic ulcer disease may be useful from the standpoint of minimal access, rapid recovery, less pain, and good cosmesis.
Duodenal Ulcer ; Gastrectomy* ; Gastric Outlet Obstruction ; Gastroenterostomy ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mortality ; Peptic Ulcer ; Stomach Diseases* ; Vagotomy, Truncal

PURPOSE: Galectin 3 is a beta-galactoside binding protein that is involved in various biological processes such as cell adhesion, migration, cell growth, tumor progression and metastasis. Although the precise acting mechanisms of Galectin 3 are unclear, it have been reported that the expression of Galectin 3 may related to tumor progression and metastasis. We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of Galectin 3 in 57 cases of benign and malignant breast neoplasm to evaluate the relation of a Galectin 3 expression to malignancy of breast neoplasm and the acting mechanism of Galectin 3. METHODS: Twenty fibroadenomas, 7 intraductal papillomas, 10 intraductal carcinomas and 20 invasive ductal carcinomas were studied. Immunostaining of Galectin 3 was evaluated in comparison with that of the internal controls, and the intensity of immunostaining was semiquantitatively graded on an intensity scale of 0 to 3. RESULTS: The normal ductal epithelium of the breast showed strong immunoreactivity with an intensity 2 to 3. The staining gradually and significantly decreased in accordance with the histopathological type and tumor progression from a fibroadenoma, intraductal papilloma, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma (P<0.001). In particular, the expression of galection-3 was prominently decreased in invasive ductal carcinoma. CONCLUSION: The galectin-3 expression pattern suggests that progression from benign breast tumor to malignant breast tumor leads to a reduced expression of galectin-3.
Biological Processes ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Carrier Proteins ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Movement ; Epithelium ; Fibroadenoma ; Galectin 3* ; Galectins* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Papilloma ; Papilloma, Intraductal

No abstract available.
Ulcer*

PURPOSE: Various prognostic indicators have been identified for mammary carcinomas, but the issue of their significance remains unsettled. The prognostic impact of c-erb B2, Ki-67 and topoisomerase II alpha expression was investigated in relation to prognostic factors for carcinomas of the breast and to the tumor cell growth fraction. METHODS: One hundred eighteen cases of invasive mammary carcinoma were investigated by immunohistochemical staining for c-erb B2, topoisomerase II alpha, and Ki-67. Clinicopathologic parameters were compared with the expression pattern and incidence of c-erb B2, topoisomerase II alpha and Ki- 67 in invasive mammary carcinoma. RESULTS: C-erb B2 showed significant correlation with topoisomerase II alpha (P<0.05), but others were not significant. Topoisomerase II alpha and Ki-67 index closely paralleled each other, indicating that both reflect the proliferate activity of tumor cells and were associated with high nuclear and histological grade, ER and PR expression (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that ki-67 and topoisomerase II alpha proteins might play a role in tumor progression of breast carcinoma. The Ki-67 and topoisomerase II alpha index may be proliferate factors of breast cancer. In addition, the increase expression of Ki-67 and topoisomerase II alpha and hormone receptor were closely correlated each other, and could be used as factors suggesting poor prognosis in breast carcinoma.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II* ; Incidence ; Prognosis

BACKGROUND: Cathepsin D is an acid optimal protease present in a variety of normal and neoplastic tissues. Cathepsin D is an aspartylendopeptidase which is thought to be important in intracellular processes, such as protein degradation, and cathepsin D may be implicated in intracellular protein turnover. Recent evidence shows that in rabbit alveolar marcrophages, cathepsin D is synthesized as an inactive, membrane associated precursor which is then processed, via an active membrane-associated intermediate form, to an active soluble form of cathepsin D found in lysosomes and endosomes. Antibodies to cathepsin D which are suitable for immunohistochemistry have been available for approximately 20 years although the first immunohistochemical study of cathepsin D as a prognostic factor in breast cancer appeared in 1990. METHOD: The sample in this study consisted of 121 breast cancer's that had been surgically resected. Using the mouse monoclonal antibody (NCL-CDm, Novocastra Laboratories Ltd, UK) specific for the cathepsin D, we performed immunohistochemical staining by ABC methods. We examined the correlations between the expression of cathepsin D and the patient's age, the estrogen receptor status, the tumor size, the lymph node involvement, the staging, the menopausal state, the pathologic grade, the DNA ploidy, and the S-phase fraction. RESULTS: Overall, 53.7% of the patients were positive for cathepsin D. Positive staining did not correlate with age, estrogen receptor status, tumor size, axillary node status, tumor stage, monopausal status, pathologic grade, DNA ploidy, or S-phase fraction. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of cathepsin D by tumor cells was not the only significant prognostic factor of the breast cancer. We need more follow-up studies, and we need exact calculations of the survival rate.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cathepsin D ; DNA ; Endosomes ; Estrogens ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Lysosomes ; Membranes ; Mice ; Ploidies ; Proteolysis ; Survival Rate

The main complications associated endoscopic mucosal resection are bleeding and perforation and the rate of complication is increasing in larger size of mucosal resection. We used a new method of endoscopic clipping technique for ligation on the large mucosal defect after endoscopic mucosal resection. A 53-year-old female patient visited our hospital because of epigastric pain. Endoscopic examination revealed a type IIa EGC(early gastric cancer) below angle. The endoscopic mucosal resection was performed and the size of resected specimen was 2.7x2.5cm. The mucosal defect was ligated with 6 hemoclips(Olympus, MD-850) after approximation of both resected margins by grasping forceps(Olympus, FG-4L). Follow up endoscopic examination revealed good quality of ulcer healing. The Endoscopic clipping technique might also be useful for treatment of minor perforation.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand Strength ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Ligation* ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Ulcer

The main complications associated endoscopic mucosal resection are bleeding and perforation and the rate of complication is increasing in larger size of mucosal resection. We used a new method of endoscopic clipping technique for ligation on the large mucosal defect after endoscopic mucosal resection. A 53-year-old female patient visited our hospital because of epigastric pain. Endoscopic examination revealed a type IIa EGC(early gastric cancer) below angle. The endoscopic mucosal resection was performed and the size of resected specimen was 2.7x2.5cm. The mucosal defect was ligated with 6 hemoclips(Olympus, MD-850) after approximation of both resected margins by grasping forceps(Olympus, FG-4L). Follow up endoscopic examination revealed good quality of ulcer healing. The Endoscopic clipping technique might also be useful for treatment of minor perforation.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand Strength ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Ligation* ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: Breast cancer of malignant tumor occurring in domestic women is a tumor frequently seen in the third order following uterine cervical cancer and gastric cancer. This tumor may be recur even following positive treatment, so various methods have been studied to elucidate risk factors for recurrence. In particular, among the various oncogenes concerned in the recurrence of breast cancer, some have been seen as prognostic factors. In a recent study of protein expression in the tumor cell, it was demonstrated that expression increases glucose uptake and utilization, and that Glut1 facilitating the glucose transporter is increased in expression in various tumors of body. Many studies have been conducted on the role of protein in this glucose transporter in breast cancer, yet more studies are required. METHODS: Dye studies were carried out according to an ordinary ABC method utilizing polyclonal anti-Glut1 antibody to detect Glut1 protein in 79 breast cancer samples. RESULTS: Among the 79 breast cancer tissue samples, 41 samples (52%) demonstrated expression of Glut1. Upon close examnination, the expression frequency of Glut1 in brest cancer in relation to existing breast cancer prognosis- related factors, showed a statistically significant correlation with the histologic grade of the breast cancer. CONCLUSION: As Glut1 positive expression was seen in the breast cancer cell, it is suggested that Glut1 is involved in the occurrence of breast cancer. In particular, in poorly differentiated breast cancer, the expression was frequency increased, which suggested its potential as a prognostic factor for breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Female ; Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative* ; Glucose Transporter Type 1* ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Oncogenes ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

PURPOSE: Breast cancer of malignant tumor occurring in domestic women is a tumor frequently seen in the third order following uterine cervical cancer and gastric cancer. This tumor may be recur even following positive treatment, so various methods have been studied to elucidate risk factors for recurrence. In particular, among the various oncogenes concerned in the recurrence of breast cancer, some have been seen as prognostic factors. In a recent study of protein expression in the tumor cell, it was demonstrated that expression increases glucose uptake and utilization, and that Glut1 facilitating the glucose transporter is increased in expression in various tumors of body. Many studies have been conducted on the role of protein in this glucose transporter in breast cancer, yet more studies are required. METHODS: Dye studies were carried out according to an ordinary ABC method utilizing polyclonal anti-Glut1 antibody to detect Glut1 protein in 79 breast cancer samples. RESULTS: Among the 79 breast cancer tissue samples, 41 samples (52%) demonstrated expression of Glut1. Upon close examnination, the expression frequency of Glut1 in brest cancer in relation to existing breast cancer prognosis- related factors, showed a statistically significant correlation with the histologic grade of the breast cancer. CONCLUSION: As Glut1 positive expression was seen in the breast cancer cell, it is suggested that Glut1 is involved in the occurrence of breast cancer. In particular, in poorly differentiated breast cancer, the expression was frequency increased, which suggested its potential as a prognostic factor for breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Female ; Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative* ; Glucose Transporter Type 1* ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Oncogenes ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms