No abstract available.
Compliance* ; Oxygen* ; Positive-Pressure Respiration* ; Respiratory Insufficiency* ; Ventilation*

No abstract available.
Compliance* ; Oxygen* ; Positive-Pressure Respiration* ; Respiratory Insufficiency* ; Ventilation*

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is a multisystem disorder with a peak age of onset in the second and fourth decades of life predominantly occuring in females who will usually have the potential to become pregnant. This female to male predominance is greatest during childbearing years approaching a ratio of 13:1, after the menopause it declines to a ratio of 3:1, the ratio also seen in prepubertal years. In practice, despite the higher prevalence of rheumatiod arthritis, pregnancy in SLE is the most common management problem confronting physician and obstetrician amongst the connective tissue disorders and it is particularly important as the outcome of pregnancy is more unpredictable in this disease. As well as having clinical consequences for the health of both mother and fetus, pregnancy in lupus provides a model for studying the importance of other biological phenomena characterizing the disease. For example, the transplacental passage of maternal antibodies to Ro(SSA) and La(SSB) and their strong association with the neonatal lupus syndrome suggests a pathogenetic role for these autoantibodies. Other relevant issues are feto-meternal immunological tolerance and hormonal interaction with the immune system. We have experienced a case of recurrent pregnancy loss associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. So we report this case with a brief review of literatures.
Age of Onset ; Antibodies ; Arthritis ; Autoantibodies ; Biological Phenomena ; Connective Tissue ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Immune System ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Male ; Menopause ; Mothers ; Pregnancy* ; Prevalence

Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular coccidian protozoan, is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, a widespread infection affecting various birds and mammals including humans. In immunocompetent hosts, the infection is usually asymptomatic and benign. Toxoplasmosis is either congenital or acquired. In general prenatal therapy of congenital toxoplasmosis is beneficial in reducing the ncy of infant infection. Therapies are based primarily on spiramycin because of the relative lack of toxicity and high concentration achieved in the placenta. Clindamycin is the standard drug for chemoprophylaxis in newborn infants, and is directed at preventing the occurrence of retinochoroiditis as a late sequel to congenital infection. The standard treatment for acquired toxoplasmosis in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients is the synergistic combination of pyrimethamine and sulphonamides. Toxoplasmic encephalitis is tbe most common manifestation of acquired toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients and if not treated is fatal. However, because of toxicity, the therapeutic efficacy of pyrimethamine sulphonamide combinations may be seriously limited in immunodeficient patients. We have experienced a case of toxoplasmosis during the workup of habitual aborter. So we report this case with a brief review of literatures.
Birds ; Chemoprevention ; Clindamycin ; Encephalitis ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Mammals ; Placenta ; Pyrimethamine ; Spiramycin ; Toxoplasma ; Toxoplasmosis* ; Toxoplasmosis, Congenital

OBJECTIVE: We previously described that Diva is highly expressed in matured metaphase II (MII) oocytes compared to immature germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes in mouse.1 We report here that the expression of Diva transcript as well as protein is oocyte-specific. To elucidate its physiological role in oocyte, the binding partner(s) of Diva has been identified by using immunoprecipitation (IP) followed by Mass Spectrometry. METHODS: NIH/3T3 cells were transiently transfected for 24 h with either empty vector for control or FLAG-tagged mouse Diva construct, and IP was performed with anti-FLAG antibody. The immuno-isolated complexes were resolved by SDS-PAGE on a 12% gel followed by Coomassie Blue staining. For in-gel digestion, 15 bands of interest were excised manually and digested with trypsin. All mass spectra were acquired at a positive reflector mode by a 4700 Proteomics Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Framingham, MA). Proteins were identified by searching the NCBI nonredundant database using MASCOT Peptide Mass Fingerprint software (Matrixscience, London). RESULTS: Diva-associated complexes were formed in FLAG-tagged mouse Diva-overexpressed NIH/3T3 cells via IP using anti-FLAG-conjugated beads. Among the excised 15 bands, actin and actin-binding proteins such as tropomyosin, tropomodulin 3, and alpha-actinin were identified. Binding between Diva and actin or tropomyosin was confirmed by IP followed by Western blot analysis. Both bindings were also detected endogenously in mouse ovaries, indicating that Diva works with actin and tropomyosin. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report that immuno-isolated Diva-associated complexes are related to actin filament of the cytoskeletal system. When we consider the association of Diva with actin and tropomyosin, oocyte-specific Diva may play a role in modulating the cytoskeletal system during oocyte maturation.
Actin Cytoskeleton ; Actinin ; Actins ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Dermatoglyphics ; Digestion ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Female ; Immunoprecipitation ; Mass Spectrometry* ; Metaphase ; Mice ; Microfilament Proteins ; Oocytes ; Ovary ; Proteomics ; Tropomodulin ; Tropomyosin ; Trypsin

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate provide basic data for improving patient safety in nursing homes in Korea by measuring the patient safety culture of nursing homes and understanding its influencing factors. METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of a descriptive research study using data from development and validation of the Korean patient safety culture scale for nursing homes. A total of 982 cases were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics 20 program. RESULTS: For the safety culture of the patient, there was a significant difference based on the size and location of the facility. For the degree of patient safety, age, education, occupation, marital status, and the size of the nursing home were significant factors. Patient safety culture and the degree of patient safety had a positive correlation. The regression model of the degree of patient safety was significant (F=20.73, p<.001) and the explanatory power of the model was 27.4%. CONCLUSION: The study results indicate that patient safety culture is a factor influencing safety of elders in nursing homes. To improve patient safety for nursing homes in Korea, continuous evaluation and improvement projects need to be done at a national level.
Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Marital Status ; Nursing Homes* ; Occupations ; Patient Safety*

BACKGROUND: A medulloblastoma is a primitive neuroepithelial tumor of the cerebellum that occurs in children and metastasizes through the cerebrospinal fluid. It is highly malignant and invasive, and the 5-year survival rate is only 60%. Surgical resection techniques, radiation, and chemotherapy have improved the overall survival but the patients suffer life-long cognitive dysfunctions or endocrine abnormalities as the side effects of treatment. Therefore it is essential to identify prognostic markers to determine the appropriate treatment strategy in order to minimize the side effects. METHODS: This study evaluated the immunohistochemical differentiation and survival rate with synaptophysin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin and primitive neuroepithelial marker nestin of 55 paraffin-embedded medulloblastomas, using a tissue microarray. The expression of survivin, the apoptotic inhibitor, and the survival rate with regard to the proliferation index of Ki-67 were also investigated. RESULTS: The group testing positive to vimentin, a mesenchymal differentiation marker, had a worse prognosis and there was a strong correlation between vimentin expression and nestin expression. Patients with a survivin expression rate >35% had a significantly poorer clinical course and there was a correlation between the survivin expression rate and Ki-67 expression rate. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, vimentin and survivin are negative prognostic markers in medulloblastomas.
Cerebellum ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Child ; Drug Therapy ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Humans ; Medulloblastoma* ; Mucin-1 ; Nestin ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Synaptophysin ; Vimentin*

Purpose: This study investigated the mediating effect of family support in the relationships of anxiety and depression with maternal-fetal attachment among pregnant women admitted to the maternal-fetal intensive care unit (MFICU) in Korea. Methods: The participants were high-risk pregnant women with a gestational age of at least 20 weeks who were admitted to MFICUs in Busan and Yangsan. The Korean versions of four measurement tools were used for the self-report questionnaire: Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Cobb’s family support measurement, and Cranley’s maternal-fetal attachment scale. Data were collected from June 22 to September 20, 2020. Out of 124 participants, data from 123 respondents were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were done. Results: The average age of participants was 34.1 years. Their anxiety level was medium (43.57±11.65 points out of 80) and 53.6% were identified as having moderate depression (average 10.13±5.48 points out of 30). Family support was somewhat high (average 43.30±5.03 points out of 55). The average score of maternal-fetal attachment was also somewhat high (73.37±12.14 points out of 96). Family support had a partial mediating effect in the relationships of anxiety and depression with maternal-fetal attachment among high-risk pregnant women admitted to the MFICU. Conclusion Maintaining family support is challenging due to the nature of the MFICU. Considering the mediating effect of family support, establishing an intervention plan to strengthen family support can be helpful as a way to improve maternal-fetal attachment for high-risk pregnant women admitted to the MFICU.

Purpose: This study investigated the mediating effect of family support in the relationships of anxiety and depression with maternal-fetal attachment among pregnant women admitted to the maternal-fetal intensive care unit (MFICU) in Korea. Methods: The participants were high-risk pregnant women with a gestational age of at least 20 weeks who were admitted to MFICUs in Busan and Yangsan. The Korean versions of four measurement tools were used for the self-report questionnaire: Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Cobb’s family support measurement, and Cranley’s maternal-fetal attachment scale. Data were collected from June 22 to September 20, 2020. Out of 124 participants, data from 123 respondents were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were done. Results: The average age of participants was 34.1 years. Their anxiety level was medium (43.57±11.65 points out of 80) and 53.6% were identified as having moderate depression (average 10.13±5.48 points out of 30). Family support was somewhat high (average 43.30±5.03 points out of 55). The average score of maternal-fetal attachment was also somewhat high (73.37±12.14 points out of 96). Family support had a partial mediating effect in the relationships of anxiety and depression with maternal-fetal attachment among high-risk pregnant women admitted to the MFICU. Conclusion Maintaining family support is challenging due to the nature of the MFICU. Considering the mediating effect of family support, establishing an intervention plan to strengthen family support can be helpful as a way to improve maternal-fetal attachment for high-risk pregnant women admitted to the MFICU.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the neurobehavioral impairment in the traumatic brain injured (TBI) patients and to determine the relationship between the neurobehavioral impairment and functional recovery. METHOD: We analyzed and compared Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores and neurobehavioral psychometry results in 16 patients with severe TBI. The neurobehavioral psychometry tests included Minimental Status Examination (MMSE), Galvestone Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT) as screening tools, Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale (KWIS) for intelligence, Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) test for memory function, Color Trail test (CTT) 1 and 2 for attention and concentration, Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) and Finger Tapping Test (FTT) for motor function, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) for executive function, and Symptom Checklist-90-Revision (SCL-90-R) for personality. RESULTS: At discharge, neurobehavioral psychometry of the TBI patients showed impairment of the attention and concentration as demonstrated by severe and moderate impairment in CTT 1 and CTT 2, repectively. Memory disturbance was also noted by the result of mental retardation in WMS-R. But GOAT and MMSE showed normal, KWIS was below average. Motor dysfunction was seen in GPT and FTT and mild executive dysfunction in WCST. Functional recuperation was influenced by attention and concentration, as the FIM score has significant correlation with CTT 1 and FTT. CONCLUSION: The TBI patients have the pervasive neurobehavioral impairment, especially severe dysfunction in the memory, attention and concentration. And functional recovery was significantly correlated with attention. The neurobehavioral psychometry will be useful in neurobehavioral evaluation in TBI patients. A further prospective study using Neurobehavioral psychometry would bring a more precise and valuable information.
Amnesia ; Brain Injuries ; Brain* ; Executive Function ; Fingers ; Goats ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Intelligence ; Mass Screening ; Memory ; Wisconsin