No abstract available.
Granuloma* ; Leprosy, Lepromatous*

No abstract available.
Blood Flow Velocity* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Submucosal infiltration and the topical application of epinephrine as a vasoconstrictor produce excellent hemostasis during surgery. The hemodynamic effects of epinephrine have been documented in numerous studies. However, its metabolic effects (especially during surgery) have been seldom recognized clinically. We report two cases of significant metabolic effects (including lactic acidosis and hyperglycemia) as well as hemodynamic effects in healthy patients undergoing orthognathic surgery with general anesthesia. Epinephrine can induce glycolysis and pyruvate generation, which result in lactic acidosis, via β2-adrenergic receptors. Therefore, careful perioperative observation for changes in plasma lactate and glucose levels along with intensive monitoring of vital signs should be carried out when epinephrine is excessively used as a vasoconstrictor during surgery.
Acidosis, Lactic* ; Administration, Topical ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Local ; Epinephrine ; Glucose ; Glycolysis ; Hemodynamics ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; Orthognathic Surgery* ; Plasma ; Pyruvic Acid ; Vital Signs

Asthma is a chronic disease associated with airway constriction due to inflammation caused by eosinophils, mast cells, and T lymphocytes, leading to serious chronic illness in children. The eotaxin gene family has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. We hypothesized that the distinctive variations among the four seasons in Korea may affect the expression of eotaxin polymorphisms, especially in children. We examined the possible effects of birth season (spring, March-May; summer, June-August; fall, September-November; and winter, December-February) on the phenotype of asthma in children. All SNP data sets of the eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 genes were collected from 78 asthma patients and 101 controls. Here, we investigated the effects of birth season on the expression of eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 in Korean children. Using the HAPLOTYPE procedure with the HTR method in SAS/Genetics, we showed that children born in spring and summer show significant haplotypes in both the eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 genes. Thus, the expression of polymorphisms in eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 may vary by season.
Asthma ; Chemokine CCL24 ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Constriction ; Eosinophils ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Korea ; Mast Cells ; Parturition ; Phenotype ; Seasons ; T-Lymphocytes

Eight neonates with transient tricuspid insufficiency are presented which was confirmed clinical and two dimensional echocardiographic assessment. We found that two dimensional Doppler echocardiography was very useful in the detection of transient tricuspid insufficiency during neonatal age as noninvasive method. Transient tricuspid insufficiency is a clinical disorder in the newborn period caused by myocardial dysfunction, secondary to asphyxia with or without hypoglycemia and associated with right ventricular overloading caused by pulmonary hypertention. The clinical diagnosis was based on a history of perinatal distress, distinctive murmur, ECG changes, biochemical abnormalities and myocardial imaging. 1) The sex ratio of TTI was 1:1. 2) The average gestational age was 34 weeks and mean body weight was 2.06 Kg, respectably. 3) Major symptoms were dyspnea, cyanosis, and tachypnea. 4) Tricuspid regurgitation was detected from the lst day to the 4th day of the life and was improved from the 7th day to the 30th day of the life. 5) The peak velocity through tricuspid valve ranged from the 2.7 m/sec to 4.0 m/sec and the estimated right ventricular pressure ranged from 39 mmHg to 74 mmHg. 6) Associated diseases were neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (100%), prematurity (87.5%), atrial right to left shunt (87.5%), patent ductus arteriosus (75%), hyaline membrane disease (25%), and transient tachypnea of newborn (12.5%).
Asphyxia ; Body Weight ; Cyanosis ; Diagnosis ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography* ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Electrocardiography ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hyaline Membrane Disease ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal ; Hypoglycemia ; Infant, Newborn ; Sex Ratio ; Tachypnea ; Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn ; Tricuspid Valve ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency ; Ventricular Pressure

No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Milk Hypersensitivity* ; Milk*

Double-outlet left ventricle with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis was conventionally repaired with extracardiac conduit or pulmonary artery translocation. Here, we report an anatomically repaired double-outlet left ventricle without extracardiac conduit or pulmonary artery translocation in an 11 month old patient who had undergone palliative systemic-pulmonary shunt at a nonatal period. The location of ventricular septal defect, both great arteries and coronary arteries made it possible to reconstruct the right ventricular outflow tract using on-lay patch after incision and undercutting the tissue between the ventriculotomy and the pulmonary arteriotomy.
Arteries ; Coronary Vessels ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Heart Ventricles* ; Humans ; Infant ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis*

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the clinical characteristics of brain tumors in children according to their location, the parental delay and the doctor's delay between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis of a pediatric brain tumor. In addition, this study compared the relationship between the pre-diagnostic symptomatic interval and the tumor location. METHODS: A retrospective study was undertaken of 45 children with primary brain tumors admitted to Inha Hospital from July, 1986 to June, 2004. A diagnosis of the tumor location was made using brain MRI. RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 1:0.67. The median age at diagnosis was 6.0 years in supratentorial tumors, 7.0 years in infratentorial tumors. Twenty four cases(53.3 percent) were located in the supratentorial area, 21 cases(46.6 percent) were located in the infratentorial area. The distribution of supratentorial tumors were 14(58.3 percent) in the cerebral hemisphere and temporal lobe, seven (29.1 percent) in the suprasellar area, and three(12.5 percent) in the pineal gland and posterial lateral ventricle. The distributions of the infratentorial tumors were 12(57.1 percent) in the cerebellar vermis and fourth ventricle, four(19.1 percent) in the brain stem, and five(23.8 percent) in the cerebellar hemisphere. The most common initial symptom was seizure(37.5 percent) in the supratentorial tumor and headache(38.0 percent) in infratentorial tumors. The median pre-diagnostic symptomatic interval (PSI) was 21 days(range 0-240 days). The median PSI with a parental delay in supratentorial tumor was six days(range 1-240 days), and 30 days(range 1-40 days) in the infratentorial tumor. We immediately diagnosed most cases after visiting the hospital. There was no significant relationship between the tumor location and the pre-diagnostic symptomatic interval. CONCLUSION: The most common symptom of supratentorial tumors and infratentorial tumors was seizure and headache, respectively. Although, the median pre-diagnostic symptomatic interval was shorter than in previous studies, a detailed medical history and a correctly interpreted neurological examination should lead to an earlier diagnosis of pediatric brain tumors.
Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain Stem ; Brain* ; Cerebrum ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fourth Ventricle ; Headache ; Humans ; Infratentorial Neoplasms ; Lateral Ventricles ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neurologic Examination ; Parents ; Pineal Gland ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Supratentorial Neoplasms ; Temporal Lobe

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH), a rare disease of unknown etiology, is characterized by iron deficiency anemia and chronic recurrent pulmonary symptoms such as cough, hemoptysis, and dyspnea. Recurrent intra-alveolar hemorrhage resulting in hemosiderin accumulation and progressive fibrosis often leads to death. We experienced a case of IPH in a two-year-old male who was presented with cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis and anemia. The diagnosis was confirmed by hemosiderin-laden macrophages in a gastric aspirate. He was initially treated with oral iron and prednisolone for one year. But pulmonary symptoms such as cough and hemoptysis recurred five times while he was on oral prednisolone and the side effects of moon face and truncal obesity developed. So inhaled steroid (budesonide) was administered for 18 months, with improvement of pulmonary symptoms. This suggests that early treatment with inhaled steroids may work in IPH without the serious side effects of systemic steroid. The effect of inhaled steroid should be evaluated as the initial treatment of IPH.
Anemia ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Child ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Fibrosis ; Hemoptysis ; Hemorrhage ; Hemosiderin ; Hemosiderosis* ; Humans ; Inhalation* ; Iron ; Macrophages ; Male ; Obesity ; Prednisolone ; Rare Diseases ; Steroids

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH), a rare disease of unknown etiology, is characterized by iron deficiency anemia and chronic recurrent pulmonary symptoms such as cough, hemoptysis, and dyspnea. Recurrent intra-alveolar hemorrhage resulting in hemosiderin accumulation and progressive fibrosis often leads to death. We experienced a case of IPH in a two-year-old male who was presented with cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis and anemia. The diagnosis was confirmed by hemosiderin-laden macrophages in a gastric aspirate. He was initially treated with oral iron and prednisolone for one year. But pulmonary symptoms such as cough and hemoptysis recurred five times while he was on oral prednisolone and the side effects of moon face and truncal obesity developed. So inhaled steroid (budesonide) was administered for 18 months, with improvement of pulmonary symptoms. This suggests that early treatment with inhaled steroids may work in IPH without the serious side effects of systemic steroid. The effect of inhaled steroid should be evaluated as the initial treatment of IPH.
Anemia ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Child ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Fibrosis ; Hemoptysis ; Hemorrhage ; Hemosiderin ; Hemosiderosis* ; Humans ; Inhalation* ; Iron ; Macrophages ; Male ; Obesity ; Prednisolone ; Rare Diseases ; Steroids