Development of supervoltage treatment machine may minimize skin reaction by skin-sparing effect, but skin damage is still one of “the dose limiting factor” in radiation therapy. In spite of these importance, systemic histopathologic studies of skin in similar conditions which used in clinical treatment has not been performed so far. 60 mice were irradiated with conventional fraction (200x5/wk) and whole abdominal field (2x3 cm, from symphysis pubis to xyphoid process). Used machine was 250 KV, 24 mA. orthovoltage x-ray machine. Histopathological changes of acute skin reaction at the level of total irradiation dose were analyzed and possible mechanism of later chronic changes were investigated. Obtained results are as follows 1. In 1,000 rad irradiated group, only mild epidermal edema is noted. 2. In 2,000 rad irradiated group, slightly decreased number and size of hair follicles and appendages, dermal edema and scanty infiltration of inflammatory cells are visible. 3. In 3,000 rad irradiated group, marked increased capillary congestion and prominent infiltration of inflammatory cells are observed. 4. In 4,000 rad irradiated group, vascular wall thickening with proliferation of endothelial cells are prominent. Dermal thinning and hyalinization are newly developed. 5. In 5,000 rad irradiated group, complete desquamation of epidermis is not seen, despite of acceleration of all above mentioned changes.
Acceleration ; Animals ; Capillaries ; Edema ; Endothelial Cells ; Epidermis ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Hair Follicle ; Hyalin ; Mice* ; Pubic Bone ; Skin*

OBJECTIVE: We previously described that Diva is highly expressed in matured metaphase II (MII) oocytes compared to immature germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes in mouse.1 We report here that the expression of Diva transcript as well as protein is oocyte-specific. To elucidate its physiological role in oocyte, the binding partner(s) of Diva has been identified by using immunoprecipitation (IP) followed by Mass Spectrometry. METHODS: NIH/3T3 cells were transiently transfected for 24 h with either empty vector for control or FLAG-tagged mouse Diva construct, and IP was performed with anti-FLAG antibody. The immuno-isolated complexes were resolved by SDS-PAGE on a 12% gel followed by Coomassie Blue staining. For in-gel digestion, 15 bands of interest were excised manually and digested with trypsin. All mass spectra were acquired at a positive reflector mode by a 4700 Proteomics Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Framingham, MA). Proteins were identified by searching the NCBI nonredundant database using MASCOT Peptide Mass Fingerprint software (Matrixscience, London). RESULTS: Diva-associated complexes were formed in FLAG-tagged mouse Diva-overexpressed NIH/3T3 cells via IP using anti-FLAG-conjugated beads. Among the excised 15 bands, actin and actin-binding proteins such as tropomyosin, tropomodulin 3, and alpha-actinin were identified. Binding between Diva and actin or tropomyosin was confirmed by IP followed by Western blot analysis. Both bindings were also detected endogenously in mouse ovaries, indicating that Diva works with actin and tropomyosin. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report that immuno-isolated Diva-associated complexes are related to actin filament of the cytoskeletal system. When we consider the association of Diva with actin and tropomyosin, oocyte-specific Diva may play a role in modulating the cytoskeletal system during oocyte maturation.
Actin Cytoskeleton ; Actinin ; Actins ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Dermatoglyphics ; Digestion ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Female ; Immunoprecipitation ; Mass Spectrometry* ; Metaphase ; Mice ; Microfilament Proteins ; Oocytes ; Ovary ; Proteomics ; Tropomodulin ; Tropomyosin ; Trypsin

No abstract available.
alpha-Fetoproteins ; Common Bile Duct* ; Endoderm* ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor*

In this study, we are to produce the single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies against surface protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) using antibody phage display technique. Balb/c mice were immunized with preS1 and cDNAs of heavy and light chains of splenic B cells from immunized mice were prepared using RT-PCR. Two cDNAs were linked with (64S) linker DNA under recombination PCR to produce single chain Fv DNA. After digestion of scFv DNA with Sp 1 and Not 1, the digested DNA was ligated into pCANTAB 5E and electroporated into E. coli XL1-Blue to prepare scFv-library. The size of library was 1 * 10' pfu/ml. Phage antibodies (phabs) against preS1 were rescued with M13K07 helper phages, and preS1-binders were selected through 3 times of panning using 96 well microtitre plates. Phage antibody clones were assayed directly for the ability to bind preS1 by ELISA. And then 7 phage antibody clones had high ELISA signals against preS1. Phabs from preS1-specific pMsc-17 had the strongest ELISA signal to preS1. Phabs from pMsc-17 were used for Western blot to preS1 and the results revealed that it was specific to preS1. To prepare the soluble scFv antibody, phabs from pMsc-17 were transfected into non-suppressor E. coli HB2151, and grown under 1 mM IPTG. Soluble scFv antibody was mainly accumulated in the periplasmic space, but small amount of antibody was secreted into culture media.
Animals ; Antibodies ; B-Lymphocytes ; Bacteriophages* ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Surface Display Techniques ; Clone Cells ; Culture Media ; Digestion ; DNA ; DNA, Complementary ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Isopropyl Thiogalactoside ; Mice* ; Periplasm ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombination, Genetic ; Single-Chain Antibodies*

Human monoclonal antibodies have considerable potential in the prophylaxis and treatment of viral disease. By cloning human Ig gene segments from the B cells of volunteer into pComb3 phagemid vector, antibody library was created of filamentous phage particles displaying Fab fragments on their surface after being rescued with M13KO7 helper phages. The size of library was 7x10' pfu. Phage antibodies (phabs) were panned against biotinylated preS1 using streptavidine coated Dynabead. The soluble Fab antibodies were prepared from phagemid colonies and assayed directly for the ability to bind preS1 by ELISA. And then 3DW and SGW specific to preS1 which have both heavy and light chain to form Fab fragment, were selected. The soluble Fab antibody from 3DW was expressed highly at the concentration of 0.1 - 1.0 mM of IPTG, and 5 hours postinduction. The soluble antibodies from 3DW and SGW showed their relative affinities of 2x10' M ', and Sx10 M ', respectively, and the specificities to preS1 on ELISA. Our results suggest that antibody phage display library is very useful method to generate the human monoclonal antibody and that the human Fab monoclonal antibodies specific to preS1 selected in this study open the way to treat hepatitis B as a component of passive irnmunotherapeutics.
Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; B-Lymphocytes ; Bacteriophages* ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans* ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments ; Isopropyl Thiogalactoside ; Streptavidin ; Virus Diseases ; Volunteers

The thirty eight newborn infants with periventricular leukomalacia who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Gil General Hospital from March 1, 1988 to June 30, 1991, were investigated for ultrasonographic findings, risk factors and neurological outcome. The results were as follows: 1) There were 38 cases of PVL including 21 echogenic flarings and 17 cystic PVL's. 2) Mean birth weight was 2,250 gm and mean gestational age was 35 week. 3) Mean detection timing was 4th day in echogenic flarings and 18th day in cystic PVL's. 4) PVL's were located in the parietal region in 1 case and fronto-parieto-occipital in 3 cases. 5) Mean cyst size was 6 mm. 6) Multiple logistic regression analysis for the risk factors of PVL showed that low birth weight, apnea and seizure were the most significant contributing factors (p<0.05). 7) In the follow-up study of cystic PVL's, 7 cases showed improvement, 7 cases developed into multicystic encephalomalacia and 3 cases developed into atrophy. 8) Neurodevelopmental outcome of cystic PVL's showed nomal; 6.2%, minor neurodevelopmental defect; 43.8%, major neurodevelopmental defect; 31.2% and death; 18.8%. 9) Neurosonographic predictability for neurodevelopemental sequelae by cystic PVL's showed sensitivity; 63.6%%, specificity; 98.0%, positive predictive value; 92.8% and accuracy; 88.2%. 10) Major neurodevelopmental defect was more frequent, cyst size being larger and location being more extensive (p<0.05).
Apnea ; Atrophy ; Birth Weight ; Encephalomalacia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Age ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular* ; Logistic Models ; Rabeprazole ; Risk Factors* ; Seizures ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate characteristics of the postural instability in patients with stroke and to present a prediction model of post-stroke falls. METHODS: Patients with a first-ever stroke who had been evaluated by the Balance Master (BM) at post-stroke 3 months (±1 month) between August 2011 and December 2015 were enrolled. Parameters for the postural instability, such as the weight bearing asymmetry (WBA) and postural sway velocity (PSV), were obtained. The fall events in daily lives were assessed via structured telephone interview with a fall related questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 71 patients (45 men; 45 with ischemic stroke) were enrolled in this study. All subjects underwent BM evaluation at 3.03±0.40 months after stroke. The mean WBA was 17.18%±13.10% and mean PSV (measured as °/s) were noted as 0.66±0.37 (eyes-open on firm surface), 0.89±0.75 (eyes-closed on firm surface), 1.45±1.09 (eyes-open on soft surface), and 3.10±1.76 (eyes-closed on soft surface). A prediction model of post-stroke falls was drawn by multiple logistic regression analysis as follows: Risk of post-stroke falls = -2.848 + 1.878 x (PSV(ECSS)) + 0.154 x (age=1 if age≥65; age=0 if age<65). CONCLUSION: The weight bearing asymmetry and postural sway were significantly increased in patients with stroke. Older age and impaired postural control increased the risk of post-stroke falls.
Accidental Falls* ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Postural Balance ; Stroke ; Weight-Bearing

Although many approaches have been attempted in the evaluation of liver size such as measurement of length,area and volume, the linear measurements have been used most frequently because of simplicity. We measured theliver size using 4 linear measurements for evaluation of hepatic pliability on plain abdominal film in the erectand the supine position. Our cases consisted of 125 persons who have no symptom or signs clinically and havenormal liver function test. The results were as follows: 1. The measurements of the liver size using diagonaldiameter(DD), oblique diameter of right lobe(OD), midline vertical diameter(MD) and height of right dome of theliver(HD) were ; 19.6+-1.8cm, 13.7+-1.6cm, 2.03+-0.4cm in the supine position; and 20.5+-2.1cm, 21.9+-2.1cm,15.4+-2.1cm, 1.87+-0.4cm in the erect position, respectively. 2. The differences of each diameter between erectand supine position were 0.9+-1.0cm in DD, 0.9+-1.0cm in OD and 1.7+-1.4cm in MD, and they were longer in thesupine position (p<0.001). 3. The HD was slinghtly longer in the supine position than in the erect position(p<0.001). 4. Among the 4 measurements, the largest difference of linear diameter between the erect and the supineposition was by MD. 5. We found the change or size and shape of the normal liver in the different position.
Humans ; Liver ; Liver Function Tests ; Pliability ; Supine Position

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Transplants