No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Tuberculosis, Renal*

Objectives: Dental caries and periodontal disease are infectious and chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of mentha extracts against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans ) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis ). Methods: This activity of mentha extracts were confirmed by the disk diffusion test and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and colony forming unit (CFU) assays. Results: S. mutans and P. gingivalis showed the highest antimicrobial activity within the inhibition zones. The antimicrobial activity was interrupted as the MIC and MBC of the herbal extracts against the two bacteria were 1 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml, respectively. The antimicrobial effect was determined by the CFU assay. Conclusions Mentha herb extract demonstrated potential antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and P. gingivalis that cause dental caries and periodontal disease.

PURPOSE: In the present study, an unusual case of traumatic retinopathy presenting as acute macular neuroretinopathy was reported. CASE SUMMARY: A 69-year-old male was involved in a car accident and experienced a left 5th rib fracture. There was no direct ocular trauma. However, after the accident he noticed paracentral scotoma and loss of vision in his left eye. At initial examination 4 days after the trauma, central visual acuity was hand motion and visual field test revealed central scotoma in the left eye. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography showed hyper-reflectivity of the outer nuclear layer and disruption of the ellipsoid zone. Fluorescein angiography did not show any leakage or vascular damage but near-infrared autofluorescence imaging showed a dark lesion in the macular area. Visual acuity was improved to 0.2 at 2 weeks after trauma and 0.6 at 6 months after trauma while mild ellipsoid zone defect and visual field defect persisted. CONCLUSIONS: Traumatic retinopathy presenting as acute macular neuroretinopathy is an uncommon disease causing paracentral scotomas after non-ocular trauma, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case in Korea.
Aged ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Optical Imaging ; Rib Fractures ; Scotoma ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

Acute cerebellitis, also known as acute cerebellar ataxia, is an inflammatory syndrome of cerebellar dysfunction that may reflect an infectious, post-infectious, or post-vaccination disorder. The clinical presentations are abnormal eye movement, truncal ataxia, dysarthria, nausea, headache, tremor, convulsion and altered mental status. Many patients with cerebellitis are supposed to have normal MRI findings. But hyperintense signals of cerebellar gray matter in T2-weighted sequences of MRI can be used as a strong indication of acute cerebellitis. We report here a case of acute cerebellitis with abnormal MRI findings in 7 years old patient with diplopia and tremor.
Ataxia ; Cerebellar Ataxia ; Cerebellar Diseases ; Child ; Diplopia ; Dysarthria ; Eye Movements ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nausea ; Seizures ; Tremor

Trichoadenoma is a rare cutaneous tumor that was first described by Nikolowski in 1958. It usually occurs as a single tumor on the face and its size varies from 3 to 50mm in diameter. It may arise any time during adult life. This tumor is less mature than trichofolliculoma and more differentiated than trichoepithelioma, and it is considered as a benign tumor with differentiation toward the infundibular portion of the pilosebaceous canal. In this report, we describe a 61-year-old women who developed trichoadenoma on the left shoulder of 3 years duration. The lesion was asymptomatic and had grown slowly. Histopathological findings showed numurous horn cysts with central keratinous material and solid tumor islands reaching to the deep dermis. Immunohistochemical studies showed negative findings for eccrine differentiation.
Adult ; Animals ; Dermis ; Female ; Horns ; Humans ; Islands ; Middle Aged ; Shoulder

Invasive hemodynamic monitoring has become a valuable assessment parameters in critical care nursing in patients undergoing open heart surgery patients. During cardiac surgery, the Swan Ganz catheter is placed in the pulmonary artery. Critical care nurses routinely obtain cardiac output, cardiac index, and pulmonary arterial pressure in these patients. Traditionally, patients are positioned flat and supine for cardiac output measurement. Numerous studies have dealt with the effects of changing position on the hemodynamic variables. However, there are a few studies dealing with patients who undergo cardiac surgery in Korea. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of changing position on cardiac output, PAP, CVP, BP, HR and discomfort in patients after cardiac surgery. A sample of 21 adults who had CABG and/or valve replacement with Swan Ganz catheters in place was studied. The data were collected in the cardiac ICU of a university hospital in Seoul during the period from July 28, 1999 to August 30. 1999. In this study, the independent variable is patient position in the supine, 30 degree, and 45 degree angles. Dependent variables are C.O., C.I., CVP, PAP, MAP, HR and patients' perceived discomforts. Subject discomfort was measured subjectively by visual analogue scale. Other hemodynamic data where collected by the thermodilution method and by direct measurement. The data were analyzed by percentile, t-test, ANOVA, Linear regression analysis using SPSS-/WIN program. The results are as follows: 1) Changes in cardiac output were absent in different angle positions, 0, 30, 45 degrees(F=0.070,P=0.932). Changes in cardiac index were absent in different angle positions, 0. 30, 45 degrees(p>0.05). 2) Changes in central venous pressure were absent in differentangle positions, 0, 30, 45 degree(p>0.05). 3) PAP had no change in different angle 0, 30, 45 degree positions; systolic PAP(p>0.05), diastolic PAP(p>0.05). 4) Changes in systolic blood pressure were absent in different angle positions, 0, 30, 45 degree(p>0.05). 5) Changes in heart rates were absent in different angle positions, 0, 30, 45 degree(p>0.05). 6) Patients' perceived discomfort was absent in different angle positions, 0, 30, 45 degree(p<0.05). In conclusion, critical care nurses can measure C.O., C.I., PAP, BP, & CVP in cardiac surgery patients at 30 degree or 45 degree positions. This can improve the patients' comfort.
Adult ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Output* ; Catheters ; Central Venous Pressure ; Critical Care ; Critical Care Nursing ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Pulmonary Artery ; Seoul ; Thermodilution ; Thoracic Surgery*

No abstract available.

Background: Spontaneous pneumopericardium is a very rare condition. Spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum have been reported to be associated with an idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, spontaneous pneumopericardium has not yet been reported in association with IPF. Here we report a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium in a patient with acute exacerbation of IPF with a review of the relevant literature.
Humans ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis* ; Mediastinal Emphysema* ; Pneumopericardium* ; Pneumothorax

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the polymorphisms of the TNF-alpha promotor gene, its susceptibility to Kawasaki disease (KD) and to assess whether the TNF-alpha promotor gene polymorphism was related the risk of coronary artery lesions (CALs). METHODS: From January 2003 to January 2007, 51 children (30 boys and 21 girls) with KD and 48 children forming an age-matched control group were studied. DNA from the peripheral blood of all the children was sampled, and the DNA polymorphisms of the 5' flanking regions of the TNF-alpha promoter gene at position -308 [guanine (G) to adenine (A)] were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Then, the relationship between KD and the TNF-alpha promotor gene polymorphisms was evaluated. RESULTS: The A allele frequency of the -308 site of the TNF-alpha promotor gene was 17.6% (9/51) for children with KD and 6.8% (3/48) for the control group children, but this result was not statistically significant. Twenty-four patients experienced CALs within 60 days after the onset of symptoms. KD children with TNF-alpha -308 A allele had lower frequencies of CALs (12.5% versus 22.2%, P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The DNA polymorphism of the -308 site TNF-alpha gene was not associated with susceptibility to KD and a risk of CALs. Multicenter, large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed for further study.
5' Flanking Region ; Adenine ; Alleles ; Child ; Coronary Vessels ; DNA ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

PURPOSE: Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy (RLRC) is a new option for the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, and case series for RLRC have been increasing recently. We report our operative technique and initial experiences with RLRC with extracorporeal urinary diversion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between October 2008 and November 2009, 17 consecutive patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer underwent RLRC, pelvic lymph node dissection, and extracorporeal urinary diversion. Urinary diversion included 13 ileal conduits and 4 orthotopic neobladders (Studer method). Data were collected prospectively on patient demographics, intraoperative parameters, pathologic staging, and postoperative outcomes. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 63.7 years. The mean body mass index was 22.6 kg/m2. No patients had a history of previous abdominal surgery. The mean operative time was 379.1 minutes, including 32.6 minutes for pelvic lymph node dissection, 185.2 minutes for RLRC, and 159.4 minutes for urinary diversion. The mean estimated blood loss was 210.5 ml. The mean hospital stay was 20.7 days and the mean time to oral intake and ambulation was 5.0 and 1.3 days, respectively. There were no major perioperative complications. The pathologic reports showed urothelial cell carcinomas in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our initial clinical experiences indicate that RLRC with pelvic lymph node dissection and extracorporeal urinary diversion is a safe and feasible procedure with minimal blood loss and rapid recovery. Long-term follow up in a larger patient population is needed to determine the true oncological and functional benefit of this procedure.
Body Mass Index ; Cystectomy ; Demography ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Node Excision ; Operative Time ; Prospective Studies ; Robotics ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Diversion ; Walking