No abstract available.
Dizocilpine Maleate* ; Dopamine* ; Methamphetamine*

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effect of self-esteem and spouse support on prenatal depression. Methods: The subjects were 131 pregnant women who visited two women clinics located in Changwon City. Data were collected from September 25 to November 20, 2019, and the self-report questionnaire included spouse support, self-esteem, and prenatal depression. The collected data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 23.0 using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Prenatal depression had a significant negative correlation with self-esteem (r=-0.39, p=0.001) and spouse support (r=-0.36, p<0.001). The factors affecting prenatal depression were religion (β=-0.16, p=0.035), monthly family income (β=-0.15, p=0.040), self-esteem (β=-0.25, p=0.002), and spouse support (β=-0.19, p=0.017); these variables explained 28.4% of the variance in prenatal depression. Conclusion To prevent depression in pregnant women, professional counseling and support systems such as spouses, religious and social environments should be applied to pregnant women, especially those with low self-esteem. Additionally, more financial support should be provided for low-income pregnant women. Further, there is a need to screen and manage the risk of depression in pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Skin injuries, such as lacerations due to trauma, are relatively common, and patients are very concerned about the resulting scars. Recently, the use of ablative and non-ablative lasers based on the fractional approach has been used to treat scars. In this study, the authors demonstrated the efficacy and safety of ablative fractional resurfacing (AFR) for traumatic scars using a 2,940-nm erbium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser for traumatic scars after primary repair during the early posttraumatic period. METHODS: Twelve patients with fifteen scars were enrolled. All had a history of facial laceration and primary repair by suturing on the day of trauma. Laser therapy was initiated at least 4 weeks after the primary repair. Each patient was treated four times at 1-month intervals with a fractional ablative 2,940-nm Er:YAG laser using the same parameters. Post-treatment evaluations were performed 1 month after the fourth treatment session. RESULTS: All 12 patients completed the study. After ablative fractional laser treatment, all treated portions of the scars showed improvements, as demonstrated by the Vancouver Scar Scale and the overall cosmetic scale as evaluated by 10 independent physicians, 10 independent non-physicians, and the patients themselves. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that ablative fractional Er:YAG laser treatment of scars reduces scars fairly according to both objective results and patient satisfaction rates. The authors suggest that early scar treatment using AFR can be one adjuvant scar management method for improving the quality of life of patients with traumatic scars.
Aluminum ; Cicatrix ; Cosmetics ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Laser Therapy ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Patient Satisfaction ; Quality of Life ; Skin ; Yttrium

Trichoadenoma is a rare cutaneous tumor that was first described by Nikolowski in 1958. It usually occurs as a single tumor on the face and its size varies from 3 to 50mm in diameter. It may arise any time during adult life. This tumor is less mature than trichofolliculoma and more differentiated than trichoepithelioma, and it is considered as a benign tumor with differentiation toward the infundibular portion of the pilosebaceous canal. In this report, we describe a 61-year-old women who developed trichoadenoma on the left shoulder of 3 years duration. The lesion was asymptomatic and had grown slowly. Histopathological findings showed numurous horn cysts with central keratinous material and solid tumor islands reaching to the deep dermis. Immunohistochemical studies showed negative findings for eccrine differentiation.
Adult ; Animals ; Dermis ; Female ; Horns ; Humans ; Islands ; Middle Aged ; Shoulder

BACKGROUND: Lymphocytic gastritis (LG) is defined as an infiltration of more than 25 intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) per 100 surface epithelial cells, and the histological differential diagnosis of LG and residual mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma can be difficult. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is regarded as one of the possible causes of LG, but its clinicopathologic features of LG have not been clarified in Korea, which has a much higher prevalence of H. pylori infection than Western countries. We analyzed the clinicopathologic findings of LG in Korean patients and compared the cytologic findings of IELs of LG with those of MALT lymphoma. METHODS: Sixty six cases of LG and 59 cases of MALT lymphoma were selected and clinicopathologic features were analyzed. RESULTS: Eighteen cases (27.3%) of LG were found to be associated with H. pylori infection. The IELs in LG were found to diffusely and regularly infiltrate in the epithelium, but MALT lymphoma showed patchy IELs. IELs in LG and MALT lymphoma were CD 8+T lymphocytes and CD20+B lymphocytes, respectively. The mean nuclear size of IELs in LG was 4.37 micrometer, which was significantly smaller than those in MALT lymphoma (5.19 micrometer). CONCLUSION: LG, a rare variant of chronic gastritis is partly associated with H. pylori infection and more complex unknown causative factors. In addition to the immunophenotyping, the nuclear sizes of IELs can be helpful in the differential diagnosis of LG and residual MALT lymphoma.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Gastritis* ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Korea ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; Mucous Membrane ; Prevalence

Invasive hemodynamic monitoring has become a valuable assessment parameters in critical care nursing in patients undergoing open heart surgery patients. During cardiac surgery, the Swan Ganz catheter is placed in the pulmonary artery. Critical care nurses routinely obtain cardiac output, cardiac index, and pulmonary arterial pressure in these patients. Traditionally, patients are positioned flat and supine for cardiac output measurement. Numerous studies have dealt with the effects of changing position on the hemodynamic variables. However, there are a few studies dealing with patients who undergo cardiac surgery in Korea. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of changing position on cardiac output, PAP, CVP, BP, HR and discomfort in patients after cardiac surgery. A sample of 21 adults who had CABG and/or valve replacement with Swan Ganz catheters in place was studied. The data were collected in the cardiac ICU of a university hospital in Seoul during the period from July 28, 1999 to August 30. 1999. In this study, the independent variable is patient position in the supine, 30 degree, and 45 degree angles. Dependent variables are C.O., C.I., CVP, PAP, MAP, HR and patients' perceived discomforts. Subject discomfort was measured subjectively by visual analogue scale. Other hemodynamic data where collected by the thermodilution method and by direct measurement. The data were analyzed by percentile, t-test, ANOVA, Linear regression analysis using SPSS-/WIN program. The results are as follows: 1) Changes in cardiac output were absent in different angle positions, 0, 30, 45 degrees(F=0.070,P=0.932). Changes in cardiac index were absent in different angle positions, 0. 30, 45 degrees(p>0.05). 2) Changes in central venous pressure were absent in differentangle positions, 0, 30, 45 degree(p>0.05). 3) PAP had no change in different angle 0, 30, 45 degree positions; systolic PAP(p>0.05), diastolic PAP(p>0.05). 4) Changes in systolic blood pressure were absent in different angle positions, 0, 30, 45 degree(p>0.05). 5) Changes in heart rates were absent in different angle positions, 0, 30, 45 degree(p>0.05). 6) Patients' perceived discomfort was absent in different angle positions, 0, 30, 45 degree(p<0.05). In conclusion, critical care nurses can measure C.O., C.I., PAP, BP, & CVP in cardiac surgery patients at 30 degree or 45 degree positions. This can improve the patients' comfort.
Adult ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Output* ; Catheters ; Central Venous Pressure ; Critical Care ; Critical Care Nursing ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Pulmonary Artery ; Seoul ; Thermodilution ; Thoracic Surgery*

This study is to develop M.D.-Ph.D. program of medical school in Korea. The authors examined the related literature focusing on the current status and problems of training biomedical scientists. Next step was to make a collection of data related to American M.D.-Ph.D. program. The search for the materials was made through February 2000. The developed M.D.-Ph.D. program was modified and revised by the experts in the area and through public speech. The results of the study are as follows; first, the validity of M.D.-Ph.D. program was convicted by the need of interdisciplinary study, social needs, current problems of medical education and financial problems. Second, the development M.D.-Ph.D. program consists of educational period, admission procedure, entree examination, curriculum and its administration, degrees, school registration management, medical license examination, grants and problems related to military service. The expectations of the results are; first, M.D.-Ph.D. program will make Korea one of the leading countries in biomedical scientists and medical knowledge, and will activate the interdisciplinary research. Second, M.D.-Ph.D. program will facilitate to revise the educational problems of graduate school of medicine and medical schools.
Curriculum ; Education, Medical ; Financing, Organized ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Studies ; Korea ; Licensure ; Military Personnel ; Schools, Medical

A 56-year-old man had five nail gun-shots on his skull due to attempted suicide and was transferred to the emergency room. Because the nail head played a role as a brake, the launched nail made a hole in the skull but did not entirely pass through it. If major artery or sinuses are not involved, cautious retrieval after a small scalp incision can be performed and prophylactic antibiotics be administered for treatment.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Arteries ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Head ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Scalp ; Skull ; Suicide, Attempted

PURPOSE: Sebaceous epithelioma (sebaceoma) is a benign tumor with sebaceous differentiation. It presents primarily as a yellowish papule or nodule on the face and scalp. It must be differentiated from basal cell carcinoma and other appendageal tumors. We report a giant sebaceous epithelioma on the scalp and describe the immunohistochemical character of the cells in sebaceous epithelioma to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). METHODS: A 55-year-old-man who presented with 5-cm-diameter 2-cm-height, round shape exophytic ulcerated tumor on his head presented for treatment. The patient had noticed the lesion 40 years prior as a small yellowish plaque and 18 months ago, the plaque started to grow progressively larger. We excised the lesion with 1 cm resection margin, considering the possibility of malignancy because this lesion grossly resembled basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The defect was repaired with the use of a split-thickness skin graft. RESULTS: When we excised the lesion, the margin was clear. Histology showed nodules that consisted of an admixture of basaloid cells and mature adipocytes lacking an organized lobular architecture. Strong expression of EMA on mature adipose cells confirmed the differential diagnosis from BCC with sebaceous differentiation because of the absence of a nuclear palisade pattern and cleft-like spaces on the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) section. CONCLUSION: We treated the giant sebaceous epithelioma on the scalp with surgical excision and a split-thickness skin graft. It is important to know that the diagnosis of sebaceous epithelioma should be made based on the histologic pattern of the H&E section. Immunohistochemistry with EMA can help to confirm the differential diagnosis between sebaceous epithelioma and BCC.
Adipocytes ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Head ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mucin-1 ; Scalp ; Skin ; Transplants ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: Sebaceous epithelioma (sebaceoma) is a benign tumor with sebaceous differentiation. It presents primarily as a yellowish papule or nodule on the face and scalp. It must be differentiated from basal cell carcinoma and other appendageal tumors. We report a giant sebaceous epithelioma on the scalp and describe the immunohistochemical character of the cells in sebaceous epithelioma to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). METHODS: A 55-year-old-man who presented with 5-cm-diameter 2-cm-height, round shape exophytic ulcerated tumor on his head presented for treatment. The patient had noticed the lesion 40 years prior as a small yellowish plaque and 18 months ago, the plaque started to grow progressively larger. We excised the lesion with 1 cm resection margin, considering the possibility of malignancy because this lesion grossly resembled basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The defect was repaired with the use of a split-thickness skin graft. RESULTS: When we excised the lesion, the margin was clear. Histology showed nodules that consisted of an admixture of basaloid cells and mature adipocytes lacking an organized lobular architecture. Strong expression of EMA on mature adipose cells confirmed the differential diagnosis from BCC with sebaceous differentiation because of the absence of a nuclear palisade pattern and cleft-like spaces on the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) section. CONCLUSION: We treated the giant sebaceous epithelioma on the scalp with surgical excision and a split-thickness skin graft. It is important to know that the diagnosis of sebaceous epithelioma should be made based on the histologic pattern of the H&E section. Immunohistochemistry with EMA can help to confirm the differential diagnosis between sebaceous epithelioma and BCC.
Adipocytes ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Head ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mucin-1 ; Scalp ; Skin ; Transplants ; Ulcer