The author had been experienced one case of ophthalmic migraine recently and was reviewed the liturature. Variability of symptoms and periodicity are characteristic feature of the migraine Syndroms. In this case, periodic scintillating scotoma, which developed abruptly, was revealed congruous in the right homonymous fields, lasting about 30 minutes. Scintillating scotoma refers to the migraneous scotoma with the shimmering border. This illuminated dancing border takes the form of "fortification figures". The Author was concerned particularly about the variable symptoms and pathogenesis of aphthalmic migraine.
Dancing ; Migraine Disorders* ; Periodicity ; Scotoma

This analysis describes the influence of miotics (pilocarpine) on the visual field obtained from the Goldmann perimetry testing of 10 ocular hypertensive eyes (7 patients) and 10 glaucomatous eyes (8 patients) by comparison of two visual fields testing at miotic state and at normal pupil size. The analysis of visual field was done by Esterman grid for functional estimation and by section paper for gross evaluation. The results were as follows; 1. Decreased pupillary size caused not only the decrease of the gross visual field but also the decrease of the functional visual field. 2. Absolute scotoma was not influenced by the pupillary size.
Glaucoma* ; Miotics* ; Pupil ; Scotoma ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields*

Author presented nine patients of eye toxicity from Ethambutol. They used daily the drug, 15~30mg per kilogram body weight during the period of one month to six months. With the relationship of drug induced toxic amblyopia and optic neuritis, seven patients out of nine showed severe visual disturbance. Five of them have the peripheral constriction. Three cases showed relative ring scotoma and one case showed relative central scotoma.
Amblyopia ; Body Weight ; Constriction ; Ethambutol* ; Humans* ; Optic Neuritis ; Scotoma

The damaging effect o flight on the eye has been recognized for centuries. Solar retinopathy is a well-recognized clinical entity of retinal damage caused by direct or indirect exposure to the sun. Symptoms of solar retinopathy include decreased vision, metamorphopsia, micropsia, and central or paracentral scotoma. Typical solar retinopathy presents clinically as a small yellowish-white foveolar lesion. The authors experienced a case of solar retinopathy which occurred in a 25-year-old female on both eyes upon gazing at the sun for 4 hours.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Retinaldehyde ; Scotoma ; Solar System ; Vision Disorders

Multiple evanscent white dot syndrom(MEWDS) has the characteristic clinical, funduscopic, fluorescein angiographic and electrophysiologic findings. The etiology of MEWDS remains unknown. The authors report on two patients with MEWDS. They were young females. Funduscopic examination showed that multiple, white dots are found at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. These dots extended from macula into mideriphery. Also, the patients had a tiny, granular gray-white dots in the fovea. Fluorescein angiography showed an early hyperfluorescence in the areas corresponding to the white dots with late staining. Two patients had spontaneous recovery of vision in four to seven weeks. They had persistent enlargement of the physiologic blind spot or paracentral scotoma in their visual field, respectively.
Female ; Fluorescein ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Optic Disk ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Scotoma ; Visual Fields

The Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, which affects mainly males in the late teens or in the early twenties, is a rare inherited disorder characterized by bilateral rapid loss of central vision. Leber's disease undergoes like optic neuritis in acute stage, but in late stage it results in optic atrophy with severe impairment of visual acuity and absolute central scotoma. Recently the authors have experienced two cases of Leber's optic neuropathy in a family. We observed a patient whose visual acuity of right eye was 0.8 at first examination, but reduced to 0.04 by 2 months after onset in spite of medical treatment, So we described the characteristic clinical findings of Leber's disease with brief review of the literatures.
Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Optic Atrophy ; Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber* ; Optic Neuritis ; Scotoma ; Siblings* ; Visual Acuity

In 11(64.7%) of 17 eyes treated by intravitreal gas injection, the retinas were successfully attached during follow-up period that ranged from 12 to 39 months. Group I(detachment limited to the perimaculararea) patients need more frequent gas injection than group II(detachment extending to equator), but success rate of group I(83.3%) is higher than group II(66.7%). Group III(detachment with peripheral retinal break) patients are not successful by gas injection only. In the succesful eyes, macular holes are not visible, but "window defects" are present on FAG. The relative scotomas improve. Recurrent detachment cases(31.3%) are associated with posterior staphyloma, peripheral retinal break and trauma. Time of late recurrences ranged from 4 to 13 months postoperatively(mean: 7 months).
Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Perforations* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Scotoma

Tangential vitreoretinal traction around fovea is known to be the principal cause in the pathogenesis of idiopathic macular holes. According to the recent study, the internal limiting membrane(ILM) may provide a scaffold for fibroblast proliferation and contraction, therefore play an important role in the enlargement of macular hole. We removed the ILM during macular hole surgery and assessed the anatomical and functional outcome of the macular hole surgery. Twelve consecutive patients with full-thickness macular hole were enrolled in this study. They were examed for best-corrected vision, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, Humphrey automated perimetry, focal eletroretinogram, before and after surgery. After surgery, vision was improved in 8 eyes(67%), hole was closed in 10 eyes(83%). Macular thresholds on visual field was increased in 8 eyes and peripheral scotomas developed in 3 eyes postoperatively. The amplitude increased in 7 eyes and the implicit time decreased in 8 eyes on focal electroretinograms postoperatively. Out results suggested that the complete removal of ILM should be attempted to improve vision and to close holes during the full-thickness macular hole surgery.
Fibroblasts ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Membranes* ; Photography ; Retinal Perforations* ; Scotoma ; Traction ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

PURPOSE: To identify the correspondence between the central sensitivity of several visual field (VF) tests and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness in early glaucoma patients with parafoveal scotoma. METHODS: Fifty-seven eyes from 57 patients with glaucomatous optic neuropathy and parafoveal scotoma were analyzed using the standard automated perimetry (SAP) C10-2 test, the SAP C24-2 test, and the frequency doubling technology perimetry (FDT) C24-2 test. The correlation between the VF central sensitivity and the GC-IPL thickness from macular scans via optical coherence tomography was analyzed. RESULTS: The central sensitivity was 27.51 ± 5.43 dB, 27.39 ± 5.05 dB, and 22.09 ± 5.08 dB for SAP C24-2, SAP C10-2, and FDT C24-2, respectively. Mean GC-IPL thickness was 70.2 ± 8.5 µm. Using regression analysis, the value of log R² between the logarithmic central sensitivity and GC-IPL thickness was 0.498, and the linear R2 between the antilogarithmic central sensitivity and GC-IPL thickness in SAP C10-2 was 0.486, and both were statistically significant (p < 0.05). This relationship was stronger in early glaucoma patients compared to late glaucoma patients using SAP C10-2. CONCLUSIONS: The structure-function relationship between GC-IPL thickness and central sensitivity was better with SAP C10-2, especially in early glaucoma patients, compared to other VF modalities.
Ganglion Cysts ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Optic Nerve Diseases ; Scotoma* ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields*

We observed a patient who had central retinal artery occlusion with severely reduced visual acuity and characteristic retinal changes after cervical spine surgery under general anesthesia. In acute stage, visual acuity was slightly improved. But over course of several months, there was no improvement in visual acuity and central scotoma was remained. There were no evidences of hypotension or anemia during operation. The only presumptive cause was direct external ocular compression by horseshoe headrest. It is necessary to pay attention to eyes when prone positioning in the patients of cervical spine surgery.
Anemia ; Anesthesia, General ; Blindness* ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Prone Position* ; Retinal Artery Occlusion ; Retinaldehyde ; Scotoma ; Spine* ; Visual Acuity