The Ministry of Education and other four departments jointly issued the Notice on the Construction of high-level schools of public Health, proposing that "it will take ten years to build a number of high-level schools of public health, and form a high-quality education development system to adapt to the construction of modern public health system". At present, the construction of high-level public health schools in various universities in China is in full swing. The high-level School of Public Health and the CDC have played an important role in constructing the national public health system and the human health community. The high-level public health schools are of strategic significance and important value to the development of the CDC. The review presents reflections and insights on the role of high-level public health schools in the development of the CDC and the challenges they might face.
Humans ; United States ; Schools, Public Health ; Schools ; Universities ; Public Health ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.

The geographical distribution of active physicians who graduated from medical schools before 1985 were studied. Those who had emigrated, hold non-medical jobs, are in the military service, or work as public health physicians and resident staff were excluded from the study. A total of 27,728 physicians were analyzed. Our studies have shown a relationship between the location of the medical schools from the which the physicians have graduated and the geographical regions in which they practice. A statistically significant number of physicians are working near the medical colleges from which they have graduated. That is, those who had graduated from medical schools located in the southern area of the country are presently working in the same region. This relationship was shown to be especially significant for older physicians and female doctors, who work around the area of the medical colleges from which they graduated.
Female ; Humans ; Military Personnel ; Public Health ; Schools, Medical

Curriculum ; standards ; Delivery of Health Care ; Education, Medical ; Internationality ; Models, Organizational ; Public Health ; education ; Schools, Medical

PURPOSE: Many patients rely on the Internet for medical information. In Korea, there are many websites providing medical information, but the quality of these websites relating to colorectal cancer remains to be clarified. This study was performed to evaluate the quality of websites providing information on colorectal cancer. METHODS: Firstly, sites were identified using four major domestic search engines and were classified according to the administrator. Then, two surgical oncologists used the 'DISCERN' instrument to assess 12 sites (including 2 foreign sites) for the reliability and the quality of the information on treatment choice. RESULTS: Total 297 sites were identified using the search term 'colorectal cancer'. Excluding dead links or duplicated sites, 148 sites were identified. When the sites had been classified according to the administrator of the websites, 115 (77.7%) were identified as local clinic or hospital sites, 8 (5.4%) as medical school sites, 7 (4.7%) as institute or public health sites, 11 (7.4%) as commercial sites, and 7 (4.7%) as private sites. The results of the evaluations by the two examiners showed moderate inter-examiner reliability (K=0.41). The evaluations of the domestic sites by using DISCERN showed serious or important shortcomings in the quality of information on treatment choices and in reliability. Among these domestic websites, the quality of information provided at private or local hospital sites was poorer than that provided at institute or public health sites. CONCLUSIONS: About 80% of the websites providing medical information on colorectal cancer were identified as private or local hospital sites. Evaluations of the information provided at domestic sites showed serious or important shortcomings.
Administrative Personnel ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Humans ; Internet ; Korea ; Public Health ; Schools, Medical ; Search Engine

BACKGROUND: Pediculosis continues to be a common yet neglected public health problem especially in children. Trials to test for effectiveness for head lice interventions are heterogeneous, and a recent systematic review recommended  the use of cluster randomization and centralized administration (e.g. school) of permethrin for pediculosis trials.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of a school-based to a home-based intervention using permethrin 1% shampoo in treating pediculosis capitis. 

METHODS: We conducted a pragmatic, cluster-randomized trial at the Makati Elementary School. All Grade Four students  (n = 211), belonging to a total of five class sections, were invited to participate in the study. Students with a known allergic reaction to permethrin 1% shampoo, with open wounds on the scalp, or were absent on Days 1 or 10 of the intervention period were excluded. The five class sections were randomized to receive permethrin 1% shampoo to be applied either in school, or at home. The students were classified as having none, light, medium, or heavy infestation prior to Day 1 and after Day 10 treatment. Prevalence, incidence, and treatment outcomes were measured.

RESULTS: The baseline prevalence of pediculosis capitis was 58.4%. General characteristics of students were similar between groups. No significant clustering in pediculosis classification was observed. The school-based group had the same prevalence in pediculosis at Days 1 and 10, had no incident cases, and were limited to light infestation by Day 10, but had no treatment success outcomes. The home-based group had increased prevalence by Day 10, poor compliance with Day 1 and 10 shampoo,  incident cases, although it registered a higher treatment success rate.

CONCLUSION: Compared to standard home based intervention, a school-based strategy resulted in less incident cases (0% vs. 37%), reduction in pediculosis severity (p = 0.007), and higher compliance (100% vs. 58.3%). Control of pediculosis in this specific community is largely warranted because of its high prevalence rate of 59.7%.

 

Human ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Pediculus ; Lice Infestations ; Permethrin ; Scalp ; Public Health ; Schools ; Treatment Outcome ; Students ; Hypersensitivity

OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to determine the epidemiologic status of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in the Lake Mainit area in Northeastern Mindanao.

METHODS: School children from the municipalities of Alegria and Mainit in Surigao del Norte, and Jabonga and Kitcharao in Agusan del Norte were targeted as participants. Stools were collected, processed through Kata Katz method, and examined. Data gathered were double-encoded and processed to derive parasitologic parameters that were used to categorize the municipalities based on the World Health Organization guidelines.

RESULTS:The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis was 10.9%, while the prevalence of heavy intensity infections was 0.1%. Alegria and Mainit were classified as moderate-risk communities, while Jabonga and Kitcharao were classified as low-risk communities. The overall cumulative prevalence of STH infections was 43.9%, while prevalence of heavy intensity infection was 12.7% Jabonga and Kitcharao were classified as Category I communities, while the reset were classified as Category III.

CONCLUSION:There is a need to consider implementation of school-based Mass Drug Administration (MDA) for schistosomiasis control in the same manner as in the implementation of MDA for STH control. Multisectoral involvement is necessary for integration of efforts in addressing the parasitic diseases as public health concerns in the area.

Human ; Animal ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Soil ; Lakes ; Cities ; Public Health ; Helminthiasis ; Schistosomiasis ; Schools ; Helminths

OBJECTIVE: To constitute school sanitation standard using modified Delphi method, and to explore the feasibility and the predominance of Delphi method in the constitution of school sanitation standard. METHODS: Two rounds of expert consultations were adopted in this study. The data were analyzed with SPSS15.0 to screen indices of school sanitation standard. RESULTS: Thirty-two experts accomplished the 2 rounds of consultations. The average length of expert service was (24.69 ±8.53) years. The authority coefficient was 0.729 ±0.172. The expert positive coefficient was 94.12% (32/34) in the first round and 100% (32/32) in the second round. The harmonious coefficients of importance, feasibility and rationality in the second round were 0.493 (P<0.05), 0.527 (P<0.01), and 0.535 (P<0.01), respectively, suggesting unanimous expert opinions. According to the second round of consultation, 38 indices were included in the framework. CONCLUSION Theoretical analysis, literature review, investigation and so on are generally used in health standard constitution currently. Delphi method is a rapid, effective and feasible method in this field.
China ; Delphi Technique ; Feasibility Studies ; Hygiene ; standards ; Public Health Administration ; methods ; Schools ; standards

OBJECTIVES: The most frequently cited health related slogan in North Korea is that socialistic medicine is preventive medicine. It implies that North Korea puts preventive medicine at the operational center of its national health care system. This study aimed at examining and comparing preventive medicine practices in North Korea with those of South Korea. METHODS: Efforts have been made to obtain a textbook for analysis its contents. Many people have iassisted in the study by joining the interview. Some of these people are as follows: a former professor of PyongYang Medical School, NK physicians living in South Korea, WHO staffs, diplomatic officials, etc. The major items of analysis consisted of industrial medicine and hygiene, nutrition, school health, epidemiology, health statistics and heath policy & management. RESULTS: Public health philosophy is finely rooted and well integrated in the operation of the North Korean national health care system, particularly in the area of industrial medicine and hygiene. Preventive medicine with a strong health surveillance system spanning a number of broad social organizations is a major tool to improve the health of the people in North Korea. The emphasis on preventive medicine has a close relationship with the 'Juche Philosophy' and the shortage of pharmaceuticals and medical equipment. To cope with the shortage problem, North Korean health workers are encouraged to grow medicinal herbs. We have found that they put little effort into teaching newly emerging diseases, such as AIDS, VDT syndrome, hazards of EMF, and agricultural chemical poisonings. Of the subjects of the preventive medicine text, 78.9% coincide with those of South Korean industrial health manuals and 34.2% with South Korean epidemiology texts. However, an absolute difference was found to exist between the heath policies and management systems. CONCLUSION: In North Korea, the concept of preventive medicine functions as the basic philosophic strategy of the national health care system. It differs greatly from the South Korean system in both practice and educational content. Its contribution to society is simply incomparable to that of South Korea. More communication and further study is called for in order to improve the preventive medicine practices in the future.
Delivery of Health Care ; Democratic People's Republic of Korea* ; Epidemiology ; Hygiene ; Korea ; Occupational Health ; Occupational Medicine ; Philosophy ; Plants, Medicinal ; Poisoning ; Preventive Medicine* ; Public Health ; School Health Services ; Schools, Medical

The purpose of this study was to analyze task performance and importance level of the dietitian who is working in the public health nutrition area. Work oriented job analysis methodology was employed for the study purpose. Subjects of 38 dietitians currently working at health centers in 2002 were recruited. Based on the focus group interview with 7 public health nutritionists and 7 professors, information about task elements was collected. Questionnaires measuring work performance and self-perception of importance of the selected task elements were administered. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1) The tasks with high performance and importance level among 20 tasks are developing nutrition education material (B1), nutrition services for adults and the elderly (C3), writing the proposal for nutrition services (A2), evaluating service effect (A4), improving professionalism (E1), and self management (E2). 2) The task elements with high performance and importance level among weekly task elements are nutrition education for diabetes (C56), nutrition counseling for adults (C47), nutrition for hypertension (C53), managing and keeping records (C80), nutrition education for kindergarten and nursery school children (C42), searching for nutrition education materials (B26), and searching for media (B27). 3) The number of task elements with high performance and importance level among monthly task elements are 13 in the planning and evaluation of public health nutrition service, and 5 in developing nutrition education materials. The tasks of a dietitian in the public health center show a very wide spectrum. However dietitians recognize most of the tasks are important even though they cannot perform those tasks adequately.
Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Counseling ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Public Health ; Schools, Nursery ; Self Care ; Self Concept ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Writing

The purpose of this study was to analyze task performance and importance level of the dietitian who is working in the public health nutrition area. Work oriented job analysis methodology was employed for the study purpose. Subjects of 38 dietitians currently working at health centers in 2002 were recruited. Based on the focus group interview with 7 public health nutritionists and 7 professors, information about task elements was collected. Questionnaires measuring work performance and self-perception of importance of the selected task elements were administered. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1) The tasks with high performance and importance level among 20 tasks are developing nutrition education material (B1), nutrition services for adults and the elderly (C3), writing the proposal for nutrition services (A2), evaluating service effect (A4), improving professionalism (E1), and self management (E2). 2) The task elements with high performance and importance level among weekly task elements are nutrition education for diabetes (C56), nutrition counseling for adults (C47), nutrition for hypertension (C53), managing and keeping records (C80), nutrition education for kindergarten and nursery school children (C42), searching for nutrition education materials (B26), and searching for media (B27). 3) The number of task elements with high performance and importance level among monthly task elements are 13 in the planning and evaluation of public health nutrition service, and 5 in developing nutrition education materials. The tasks of a dietitian in the public health center show a very wide spectrum. However dietitians recognize most of the tasks are important even though they cannot perform those tasks adequately.
Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Counseling ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Public Health ; Schools, Nursery ; Self Care ; Self Concept ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Writing