PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the Gratitude Enhancement Program on self-esteem, interpersonal relationships, gratitude disposition, subjective happiness, stress index in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: The research was designed for a nonequivalent control group before and after the test design. The subjects of this study were 29 patients in the experimental group and 28 patients in the control group. The Gratitude Enhancement Program was conducted three times a week for a total of nine sessions. Data were collected with questionnaires and measured with autonomic nervous system response (stress index) and was analyzed by t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact, and repeated measures ANOVA with the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. RESULTS: There are no significant differences in the homogeneity test of a dependent variable between groups. The experimental group showed significant higher scores of self-esteem, interpersonal relationships, gratitude disposition, and subjective happiness than the control group. There was no significant difference in the stress index between two groups. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, this Gratitude Enhancement Program can be a good nursing intervention to improve self-esteem, interpersonal relationship, gratitude disposition, and subjective happiness for chronic schizophrenia patients.
Autonomic Nervous System ; Happiness ; Humans ; Nursing ; Schizophrenia*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify effects of a psychiatric and mental health nursing class to improve knowledge about schizophrenia, attitudes toward mental illness, and learning satisfaction after using an illness narrative of a patient with schizophrenia. METHODS: This study was in nonequivalent control group and a pretest-posttest design. Of the 88 nursing students, the 34 in the experimental group received 5 hours of lectures on schizophrenia plus 2 hours of learning using a patient's illness narrative. The control group (n=54) received only the 5 hours of lectures on schizophrenia. During September, 2017, an online survey was used to collect data before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests with SPSS Statistics version 22.0. RESULTS: There were no differences for knowledge on schizophrenia or for attitudes toward mental illness between the experimental group and the control group after the intervention. However, learning satisfaction was significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group (Z=−2.18, p=.029). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that patient illness narratives could be a useful tool to improve learning satisfaction in nursing students. Therefore, using patient illness narratives in nursing classes is recommended.
Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Learning ; Lectures ; Nursing ; Psychiatric Nursing ; Schizophrenia ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cognitive behavioral group therapy improving social cognition on the self efficacy, relationship function and social skills for chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: This study employed a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Fifty-two participants were selected from patients with chronic schizophrenia, and they divided into an experimental group(26) and control group(26). Cognitive behavioral group therapy was used as the experimental treatment from March to May. Therapy was administered once a week over 10-weeks. RESULTS: The results showed that compared to the control group, experimental group improved on relationship function and social skills and showed better self-reported self efficacy. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that the cognitive behavioral group therapy improving social cognition is an effective nursing intervention to increase the levels of self efficacy, relationship function and social skills.
Cognition* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Psychotherapy, Group* ; Schizophrenia* ; Self Efficacy* ; Social Skills*

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the relationship of stress, coping skill, suicide risk, and suicidal ideation according to treatment phases in patients hospitalized with schizophrenia. METHODS: Participants, 111 patients hospitalized with schizophrenia, were selected from three psychiatric hospitals in G province. Data were collected from March 5 to April 15, 2016 and analyzed using t-test, χ² test, Fisher's exact test, Pearson correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffé's test analysis with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: Based on NOSIE-30, the treatment phases were divided into Beginning, Intermediate, and Completion stages. Patients in the Intermediate stage showed a higher stress level (F=5.13, p=.007) and active coping skills (F=6.70, p=.002) than patients in other stages. They also showed the highest suicide risk (F=7.42, p=.001), and the patients in the beginning stage had the highest suicidal ideation (F=20.20, p<.001. There were significant relationships between study variables at each stage. CONCLUSION: The findings from this study show differences in levels of stress, coping skill, suicide risk, and suicidal ideation according to treatment phases and indicate the need to develop suitable nursing intervention programs according to patients' treatment phases.
Adaptation, Psychological* ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Nursing ; Schizophrenia* ; Suicidal Ideation* ; Suicide*

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to develop an acceptance commitment-based cognitive behavioral program for patients with schizophrenia and to use it as an intervention tool for psychiatric mental health nursing and thereby confirm the program's effects on patients' psychological flexibility, psychological well-being, and treatment adherence including insight and attitude toward treatment. METHODS: This study consisted of a pretest, posttest 1, and posttest 2 for a nonequivalent control group design. The participants were 42 patients with schizophrenia (experimental group: 21, control group: 21). The acceptance commitment-based cognitive behavioral program was conducted in 10 sessions for 5 weeks. Data collected from February to April 2018 were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 25.0 for χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, and repeated measurement ANOVA. RESULTS: The differences between experimental and control groups were statistically significant regarding psychological flexibility, psychological well-being, and insight. CONCLUSION: This study findings suggest that the acceptance commitment-based cognitive behavioral program can be used as an effective mental health nursing intervention for psychological flexibility, psychological well-being, and insight of patients with schizophrenia.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Pliability ; Psychiatric Nursing ; Schizophrenia

PURPOSE: This study was aimed at understanding the nature of the suffering of families with patients in mental health nursing homes and hoped to contribute to the rehabilitation process of those with a chronic mental disorder. METHOD: Research methodology was based upon Parse's human becoming research methodology. RESULTS: a) Despite the despair the family feels by the violence caused by their now-institutionalized relative, they also realize anew the importance of their role as protectors b) Although they fear social stigmatization they also try to be supportive, out of guilt feelings; c) They regret their severe rearing style and wish to be more sympathetic, d) They find courage and hope through family therapy, which leads to a better understanding of the illness, e) With hopes of rehabilitation, the family members feel happy and go through an emotional release, by sharing the pain with each other. CONCLUSION: Families of nursing home residents share a focus on the process of human-health-universe. This is a positive, 'human-becoming' process with which, based on past feelings of despair, fear, resignation, and pain, one can render meaning into his or her experiences in the present in the pursuit of love, conquest, hope, liberty and success.
Caregivers/*psychology ; Chronic Disease ; *Family Nursing ; Family Relations ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Nursing Homes ; Nursing Methodology Research/*methods ; Psychiatric Nursing ; Schizophrenia/*nursing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify the correlation that exists between quality of life and self-efficacy of schizophrenic patients, focusing on the influence of related factors on these varables. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 151 schizophrenic patients. The data were collected using questionnaires. The instruments used for this study were the general self-efficacy scale developed by Sherer & Maddex (1982), the specific self-efficacy scale modified and complemented by these co-researchers on the basis of the past studies and modified SIP by Voruganti (1996). The period of data collection was from July. 2000 to Jan. 2001. Data analysis was done by SPSS, t-test, ANOVA and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. RESULT: 1. The level of self-efficacy showed a mean score of 60.0 and the level of quality of life, a mean score of 47.0. 2. The general characteristics affecting the self-efficacy of schizophrenic patients were staying with family (p=0.05) and employment (p=0.00). 3. The general characteristics affecting the quality of life of schizophrenic patients were staying with family (p=0.04), employment (p=0.05) and duration of illness (0.03). 4. A positive correlation was identified between self-efficacy and quality of life (r=-0.469, p=0.000). CONCLUSION: The study suggests that nursing intervention strategy should be worked out to develop a psychiatric rehabilitation program that can promote self-efficacy and thus enhance the quality of life of schizophrenic patients.
Complement System Proteins ; Data Collection ; Employment ; Humans ; Nursing ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation ; Schizophrenia ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an aerobic exercise program on body mass index, mood state, and psychiatric symptoms in men with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: Non-equivalent control group pretest and posttest design was used. The participants were men with chronic schizophrenia hospitalized in N mental hospital located in N city (29 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group). The program was provided 3 times a week for 8 weeks, 24 sessions each lasting 45~60 minutes. Effects of this program were evaluated using BMI, K-POMS-B, PANSS. The data were analyzed using percentage, chi2-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, paired t-test, t-test, and ANCOVA with SPSS 12.0 version. RESULTS: After the aerobic exercise program, statistically significant decreases in BMI, depression, fatigue score of the K-POMS, and psychiatric symptoms were found for the experimental group. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that aerobic exercise programs are an effective psychiatric nursing intervention to decrease BMI, general psychiatric symptoms and fatigue, and also to improve mood states. Therefore aerobic exercise program are suggested as a potential approach for reducing re-hospitalization and facilitating social readjustment for patients with schizophrenia.
Body Mass Index ; Depression ; Exercise* ; Fatigue ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Male ; Psychiatric Nursing ; Schizophrenia*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to family health and develop a prediction model with an ability to explain family health in families of patients with schizophrenia.METHODS: A hypothesized model with twelve pathway forms was developed based on literature review. Family stress and social stigma were included as two exogenous variables; whereas family resilience, family empowerment, self-esteem, community integration, and family health were included as endogenous variables. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire from 206 families of patients with schizophrenia living in Republic of Korea. Data were analyzed with PASW/WIN 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs.RESULTS: Social stigma had a negatively indirect and total effect on family health. Family resilience, self-esteem, and community integration had positive and direct and overall effects on family health.CONCLUSION: A prediction model for families of patients with schizophrenia is proposed and social stigma, family resilience, self-esteem, and community integration are presented as predicting factors for family health. Nursing interventions and support programs should be developed to overcome social stigma and improve family resilience, self-esteem, and community integration.
Community Integration ; Family Health ; Humans ; Nursing ; Power (Psychology) ; Republic of Korea ; Schizophrenia ; Social Stigma

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of an insight-oriented nursing program on schizophrenic patients' insight, positive and negative syndromes, and depression. METHOD: A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was utilized. For this research, a total of 34 subjects were selected at a psychiatric hospital in Daegu during the period ranging from Oct. 1st, 2005 to Feb. 11th, 2006 (experimental group=17, control group=17). RESULT: After the treatment, between the experimental and control groups, there wasa significant difference in the level of SUMD(t=-4.52, p=.000) and positive syndrome(t=6.97, p=.013), but no significant difference in the negative syndrome(t=-1.81, p=.079) and depression(t=2.23, p=.145). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that the insight-oriented nursing program works well for schizophrenic patients. Therefore, it is recommended that this program should be used in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention for schizophrenic patients.
Adult ; Affective Symptoms/*psychology ; Depression/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Models, Nursing ; *Patient Education as Topic ; Program Evaluation ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Schizophrenia/*nursing/therapy