Generally, a person who has higher cardiorespiratory fitness has lower lifestyle-related disease(LRD)morbidity rates and lower mortality rates. In Japan, Ministry of health, labor and welfare has defined the reference values of the maximal oxygen uptake(VO₂max)for health promotion by gender and age in 2006. The reference values were defined based on the systematic review of the japanese and foreign articles for the relationship between VO₂max and LRD. However, the articles based on japanese subjects were few. The purpose of this study is to examine the morbidity rates of LRD and VO₂max of japanese persons who have no habitual exercise. The subjects of this study comprise 141 males and 287 females aged from 20 to 69. The LRD morbidity rates of males and females suffered from dyslipidemia, hypertention, diabetes / impaired glucose tolerance were 78.7% and 58.5%, respectively. The mean VO₂max obtained by an incremental bicycle exercise at all group divided by gender and age did not achieve the reference values. The rate of the LRD subjects of males and females who achieved the reference values were 9.9%(n=11)and 4.8%(n=8), respectively. And the rate of the non-LRD subjects of males and females who achieved the reference values were 36.7%(n=11) and 14.3%(n=17), respectively. To obtain the habitual exercise and to keep higher physical activity is important to control a decline of VO₂max with aging and to prevent the LRD.

We examined the relationships between exercise, eating disorders, weight loss-related concerns/behaviors and weight-cycling (weight loss and regain ≥10%) . The subjects were comprised of 1123 female college students (aged 18.9 ± 1.1 yrs.) who each completed a questionnaire on eating attitudes [Eating Attitude Test (EAT) ], dieting behavior [Dieting Behavior Scale (DBS) ], purging behavior (self-induced vomiting and use of laxatives) and previous weight-cycling. Subjects were divided into four groups on the basis of their current regular exercise behavior as follows non-exercisers (Ns) (N=704), low-intensity, low-frequency exercisers (LLs) (N=106), moderate/high-intensity, low-frequency exercisers (MLs) (N=184) and moderate/high-intensity, high-frequency exercisers (MHs) (N=129) .
Analyses of variances showed significant differences among the four groups for weight and eating concerns, and weight loss behavior. Not only MHs, but also MLs exhibited higher Dieting subscale score ratings on the EAT than Ns. MHs and MLs also showed higher Structured- and Extraordinary-Diet subscale score ratings on the DBS than Ns and LLs. Significantly more MHs used self-induced vomiting than the other three groups, whereas significantly more MHs and MLs used laxatives than Ns. MHs who had experienced weight-cycling were by far more likely to have unhealthy weight loss behaviors and eating disorders than Ns.
These findings suggest that vigorous exercise in female college students is associated with eating disorder- and weight loss-related concerns/behavior even though the students do not exhibit frequent exercise habits. Though regular exercise is desirable, careful attention must be paid to behavioral factors related to eating and weight loss in exercising female college students.

Background: Epidemiological findings suggest that weight fluctuations are associated with unfavorable health outcomes compared with stable weight. However, the interrelationship between the weight cycling history and dieting status in a non-clinical male trial on the risk for bio-behavioral health is unclear. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between weight cycling history as a result of intentional weight loss and bio-behavioral health in Japanese adult males. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed on a group of 146 Japanese working males (47.5±9.3 yr.). Each subject completed a series of self-reported questionnaires in which information about weight cycling history, current dieting practices, life-styles, and social background were assessed. Results of the physical check up were used to assess biological parameters. Self-reported weight cycling was defined as intentionally losing 10% of one's weight and regaining the lost weight. Results: Cyclers reported a significantly greater incidence of current dieting and recent weight gain compared with non-cyclers. Taking regular meals, eating breakfast everyday, and not eating snacks between meals every day were significantly less frequent among cyclers compared with non-cyclers after controlling for BMI. The adjusted odds ratio for AST abnormality was 5.46 (95%CI: 1.08 −27.67), ALT abnormality was 3.31 (95%CI: 1.24−8.78), and γ-GTP was 3.38 (95%CI: 1.07−10.67) among cyclers, compared with non-cyclers. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a history of weight cycling in men, regardless of current weight status, is associated with adverse bio-behavioral health. The risk for several liver enzyme abnormalities associated with weight cycling history was substantial, independent of relative body weight and lifestyle factors.
Weight ; Health ; brief historical notes, excludes case histories ; Japanese language ; Cephalic index

There have so far been no studies examining the physical fitness and physical activity (PA), measured using objective measures, in homebound elderly people. The purpose of this study was to examine physical fitness levels and PA patterns and evaluate their relationships in homebound elderly people. In 2004, a total of 3964 community-dwelling elderly aged 65 years and over participated in a base line survey. The subject data were directly collected by in-home interviewer. Subjects were defined as being homebound if they went outdoors less than once a week. However, the subjects who could not go out without assistance due to sickness and/or disability were excluded from the analysis. In 2005, 38 homebound (22 men, 16 women) and 70 non-homebound (33 men, 37 women) older adults who participated in the base line survey were selected. Measurements of physical fitness levels and PA patterns measured using an accelerometer, were taken in 2005. The total steps per day did not significantly differ between homebound and non-homebound men and women. The time spent in 1.8 METs activity (corresponding to activity level 1 of the accelerometer) was significantly higher in women than in men for non-homebound and homebound, respectively. The time spent in lower-, moderate-, and high-intensity PA did not significantly differ between homebound and non-homebound men and women, respectively. Handgrip strength, knee extensor strength, leg extensor power, stepping and maximum walking speed were significantly higher in non-homebound than in homebound men and women. These results suggest that the physical fitness levels of homebound were lower than those of non-homebound, but no difference was observed in the PA levels between homebound and non-homebound.

BACKGROUNDEpidemiological findings suggest that weight fluctuations are associated with unfavorable health outcomes compared with stable weight. However, the interrelationship between the weight cycling history and dieting status in a non-clinical male trial on the risk for bio-behavioral health is unclear.

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to examine the relation between weight cycling history as a result of intentional weight loss and bio-behavioral health in Japanese adult males.

METHODA cross-sectional study was performed on a group of 146 Japanese working males (47.5±9.3 yr.). Each subject completed a series of self-reported questionnaires in which information about weight cycling history, current dieting practices, life-styles, and social background were assessed. Results of the physical check up were used to assess biological parameters. Self-reported weight cycling was defined as intentionally losing 10% of one's weight and regaining the lost weight.

RESULTSCyclers reported a significantly greater incidence of current dieting and recent weight gain compared with non-cyclers. Taking regular meals, eating breakfast everyday, and not eating snacks between meals every day were significantly less frequent among cyclers compared with non-cyclers after controlling for BMI. The adjusted odds ratio for AST abnormality was 5.46 (95% CI: 1.08-27.67), ALT abnormality was 3.31 (95% CI: 1.24-8.78), and γ-GTP was 3.38 (95% CI: 1.07-10.67) among cyclers, compared with noncyclers.

CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that a history of weight cycling in men, regardless of current weight status, is associated with adverse bio-behavioral health. The risk for several liver enzyme abnormalities associated with weight cycling history was substantial, independent of relative body weight and lifestyle factors.