To investigate the chemical constituents of Saussurea deltoidea, 10 compounds were isolated from the title plant by various chromatography methods such as silica gel, RP-18 silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, HPLC, et al. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. Five isoprenoids and Five phenylpropanoids were isolated and elucidated as (3R, 6R, 7E) -3-hydroxy-4, 7-megastigmadien-9-one (1), (3S, 5R, 6S, 7E) -5, 6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (2), 3-hydroxy-beta-damascone (3), S-(+) -dehydrovomifoliol (4), megastigman-5-ene-3beta, 9R-diol (5), coniferaldehyde (6), beta-hydroxypropiovanillone (7), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl) -1-propanone (8), dihydrosyringenin (9), 4-[(1S) -3-hydroxy-1-methoxypropyl]-2, 6-dimenthoxyphenol (10). All the compounds were isolated from S. deltoidea for the first time.
Saussurea ; chemistry ; Terpenes ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents roots of Saussurea lappa C. B. Clarke.

METHODIsolation and purification were carried out by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and RP-18 column chromatography. The chemical structures of constituents were elucidated on the basis of spectral data.

RESULTEight compounds were isolated and identified as: 1beta-hydroxycolartin (1), 5alpha-hydroxy-beta-costic acid (2), 11alpha,13-dihydroxydehidrocostuslactone (3),11,13-dihydro-7,11-dehydro-13-hydroxy-3-desoxyzaluzanin C (4), 8alpha-hydroxyl-11betaH-11,13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone (5), Soulangianolide A (6), Syringaresinol (7), Scopoletin (8).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-4, 6-8 were isolated from the genus Saussurea for the first time, and compound 5 was isolated from this plant for the first time.

Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Saussurea ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; chemistry

Saussurea lappa originates in India, and now mainly grow in Yunnan, Sichuan and other places in China. It is one of the commonly used traditional herbal medicines in Tibet and other minority regions, with effects in regulating qi to relieve pain and invigo-rating spleen to promote food. It has been used in clinic for gastrointestinal diseases, such as Qi stagnation syndrome of spleen and stomach, diarrhea and tenesmus. More than 200 compounds have been identified from S. lappa. Among them, sesquiterpenoids attracted much attention. In terms of the number of compounds, eudesmanetype is dominant, guaiane and germacranetypes have also been reported frequently. Pharmacological studies have involved extracts, volatile oils and monomeric components represented by dehydrocostus lactone. Anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects on digestive system have attracted great attention. However, due to the complex sources of S. lappa and widely used in clinical practice, there is few research progress on relevant chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. This paper systematically summarizes terpenes and the pharmacological effects of S. lappa, in order to provide basis for further studies and clinical applications.
China ; Plant Extracts ; Saussurea ; Sesquiterpenes ; Terpenes ; Tibet

OBJECTIVETo optimize the formulation of gel matrix of Saussurea involucrate.

METHODThe formulation of gel containing carbopol, azone, trimethylene glycol and alcohol was optimized by orthogonal design with evaluation indexes such as consistency in room temperature, consistency of average temperature of skin, yield value and rheopexy in room temperature.

RESULTThe optimal proportion of matrix components was made from carbopol-azone-trimethylene glycol-absolute alcohol (2. 0: 2. 0:15.0 : 30.0).

CONCLUSIONThe optimal formulation of S. involucrate gel based the optimal formulation is well-distributed and transparent, it has proper consistency and well rheopexy.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Dosage Forms ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Saussurea ; chemistry

The present study was designed to isolate the polyphenol constituents of cultured cells of Saussurea involucrata. The polyphenol type constituents were isolated using chromatography methods, and then characterized by spectral analysis. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging were assayed using Vitamin C as the positive control. One new polyphenol 18, 1, 3-di-O-caffeoyl-5-O-(1-methoxyl-2-O-caffeoyl-4-maloyl)-quinic acid, together with 17 known compounds, was isolated and characterized. In conclusion, Compound 18 was a new caffeoyl maloyl quinic acid type polyphenol and showed desired vitro anti-oxidant activity. Compounds 1-5, 9, 10, 14, 15, and 17 were isolated from cultured cells of Saussurea involucrata for the first time.
Antioxidants ; chemistry ; Cells, Cultured ; Polyphenols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Saussurea ; chemistry

Saussurea involucrata,a traditional Chinese medicinal material,is effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with cold-dampness blockage syndrome,cold pain in lower abdomen,and menstrual irregularities. However,due to the specific habitat,low natural reproduction rate,slow growth,and overexploitation,it is at the high risk of extinction. S. involucrata cells can be obtained through callus culture,suspension culture,and hairy root culture. This study highlighted the influences of reactor type,culture system,precursor,elicitor type, and light wavelength on the suspension culture of S. involucrate cells. The chemical components of S. involucrata cells mainly include phenylpropanoids,flavonoids,lignans,and steroids,among which phenylpropanoids are the most abundant. S. involucrata cells have multiple pharmacological activities of anti-inflammation,analgesia,activating blood and resolving stasis,immunoregulation,increasing bone density,lowering blood lipids,anti-hypoxia,anti-exercise fatigue,anti-radiation,anti-obesity,and anti-oxidation. Moreover,it has the potential of treating aplastic anemia. This study reviews the cell culture technologies,chemical components,and pharmacological activities of S. involucrata cells,laying a basis for the further research,development,and utilization.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Flavonoids ; Humans ; Plant Extracts ; Saussurea

The purpose of this study was to confirm the anti-tumor activity of an ethanol extract of Saussurea laniceps against pancreatic tumor and to isolate the active compound from S.laniceps extract. Treatment with S.laniceps extract and hispidulin inhibited proliferation of pancreatic cell lines, such as Capan-1, Capan-2, Panc-1 and S2-013 in a dose-dependent manner using the hollow fiber assay. Hispidulin showed typical hallmarks of apoptotic cell death a significant anti-tumor activity on Capan-2 cells at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. S.laniceps has potential cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on human pancreatic carcinoma cells. Its mechanism of action might be associated with the apoptotic cell death through DNA fragmentation.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; DNA Fragmentation ; Ethanol ; Humans ; Pancreas* ; Saussurea*

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Saussurea involucrata.

METHODCompounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods.

RESULTEight compounds were yielded and identified as beta-sitosterol (1), dotriacontanoic acid (2), hexacosan-4-olide (3), (+)-11alpha, 13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone (4), 8alpha-acetoxydehydrocostus lactone (5), zaluzanin C (6), 11,13beta-dihydrozaluzanin C (7), 8alpha-hydroxy-11beta-11,13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone (8).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 2-7 were first isolated from S. involucrate.

Chromatography ; Lactones ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Saussurea ; chemistry

Hairy root clones of Saussurea involucrata transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains R1601, R1000, and LBA9402 were established to investigate the flavonoid production. Opine synthesis and PCR analysis confirmed the integration of the T-DNA fragment of Ri plasmid from A. rhizogenes strain R1601 into the transformed root genome. The frequency of hairy root formation from root segments, which were pre-cultured 2 days in N6 solid medium without plant growth regulators, amounted to 100% following infection with R1601 strain of A. rhizogenes. The transformed roots were kept in hormone-free N6 liquid medium in the dark at 25 degrees C, 110r/min and routinely subcultured every 20 - 24 days. One hairy root clone, which grew vigorously with lateral branches, was periodically examined for the ability to produce flavonoid. The maximum of biomass and flavonoid yield achieved 66.7 g/L (fresh weight) and 102.3mg/g dry weight after incubation 20 days. The calli were induced from the hairy root culture in the presence of 0.5mg/L IBA and intact plantlets were regenerated from these calli. The regeneration plantlets from hairy roots, in which the flavonoid content were 53% in that of untransformed plants, weren't different in growth and morphology of the untransformed plantlets. Therefore plant regeneration from hairy roots may be also a means for producing transformed S. involucrata plants. Hairy root cultures of S. involucrata clearly showed higher flavonoid contents compared to the wild plant or the regeneration seedlings. As the wild S. involucrata grows only in special regions with peculiar climate, and cultivation of this species in a normal climate has been unsuccessful so far. The success in obtaining a method for high production of flavonoid might very well be one of the solutions for this problem in the future.
Culture Techniques ; Flavonoids ; biosynthesis ; Plant Roots ; growth & development ; Rhizobium ; physiology ; Saussurea ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo compare the rutin and syringin content in tissue culturing seedlings and in botanical drug of Saussurea involucrata.

METHODThe HPLC with Hydro-RP C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column was used, a mixture of acetonitrile-water (5:95) was used as a mobile phase, with flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), column temperature at 25 degrees C and detection wavelength at 220 nm.

RESULTThe effective constituents of tissue culturing seedlings were almost similar to the botanical drug. And syringin in tissue culturing seedlings was increased 4.35 times.

CONCLUSIONIt has a good prospect to acquire high-quality S. involucrata by tissue culturing seedlings.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Phenylpropionates ; analysis ; Rutin ; analysis ; Saussurea ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Seedlings ; chemistry