Background: Gastric and colorectal cancers are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Japan. In an attempt to control such cancer-related deaths, gastric and colorectal cancer screenings (GCSs) are readily available in Japan. Despite this, the rate of participation has been lower than expected. Previous studies have reported that some intervention tools can improve participation in cancer screenings and others cannot. Such studies conducted in rural areas are quite rare.
Methods: The subjects were residents of Kozu Island. All subjects were aged 40 and over. In the clinical setting, primary care physicians (PCPs) handed their patients a screening invitation, in an attempt to improve participation in GCSs. We examined participation trends before and after this intervention. In addition, we administered questionnaires to examine subjects' reasons for attendance and relevant characteristics of the subjects.
Results: Following the intervention, participation in GCSs did not significantly improve in the short term. In 2011, the number of participants in gastric cancer screening was 173 (22.1%) and was not significantly different from the 2010 results (P=0.80). Furthermore, the number of participants from year to year (2005-2011) was not significantly different (P=0.07). In addition, the number of participants in colorectal cancer screening was 145 (16.5%) and was not significantly different from the 2010 results (P=0.65). Moreover, the number of participants from year to year (2005-2011) was not significantly different (P=0.17). 172 out of 211 (82%) participants submitted the questionnaire. Results taken from the questionnaires showed that our screening invitation influenced non-elderly people (49.5±3.9 vs. 56.4±6.5, P=0.04) and first-attendance people showed a significant tendency for more gastrointestinal symptoms (4 vs. 2, P=0.03).
Conclusion: On the whole, the screening of invitations from PCPs did not improve participation rates in GCSs in the short term. However, we believe that screening invitations can influence non-elderly people, and this intervention can be effective in increasing the numbers of gastrointestinal-symptomatic people attending for the first time (first-attendance people).

Stentless bioprosthetic valves have been implanted for treatment of aortic valve disease, especially in elderly patients ; these valves have the advantage of durability and excellent hemodynamics compared with stented bioprosthetic valves. Although good long-term results in patients with stentless bioprosthetic valves have been reported recently, reoperation has been gradually increasing. We performed reoperation for the SJM Toronto SPV and Medtronic Freestyle valves in one patient each. The SJM Toronto SPV was used in a 30-year-old woman ; however, 8 years later, the valve showed severe calcification and adhesions, and could not be completely removed (Case 1). The other reoperation case, wherein a 69-year-old man underwent aortic valve replacement with the Medtronic Freestyle 4 years previously, showed no adhesion around the implanted valve, which could be easily removed from the autologous aortic annulus. Consequently, the first patient required reimplantation of a small mechanical valve (SJM #19). In contrast, we were able to use a stentless bioprosthetic valve (Prima Plus #23) for the second patient. Further observations on stentless bioprosthetic valves are required.

We conducted an anonymous questionnaire survey to examine the results of regularly drinking FFC beverage. Over 70% of participants reported a positive reaction through consumption. By contrast, few negative reactions were recorded (0.7%). These would suggest its effectiveness as a health drink. Positive reactions were significantly related to the amount of FFC beverage consumed each day, the reason for starting to drink FFC beverage, participant’s age, the amount of FFC beverage consumed each time, and the no use of the other functional foods.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging disease endemic in East Asia. Transmitted to other organisms by infected ticks, the SFTS virus (SFTSV) and is endemic to Nagasaki in western Japan. However, epidemiological information regarding SFTSV in Nagasaki ticks has not been available to date. In this study, we began by examining the sensitivities of SFTSV gene detection by real-time RT-PCR and virus isolation in cultured cells and mice. These methods could detect SFTSV in the samples containing more than 4 × 10⁰ ffu. Next, we attempted to isolate SFTSV and to detect viral gene in 2,222 nymph and adult ticks collected from May to August 2013 among seven regions of Nagasaki. However, neither virus isolation nor viral gene detection were confirmed in the tick pools. SFTSV positivity rates are considered to be very low in ticks, and viral loads are also very limited. Further investigations increasing the number of ticks and including larval samples as well as improved detection methods, may be required to find SFTSV-positive ticks in this region.

To identify the most frequently reported preferred terms （PTs） in the cases of rheumatoid arthritis （RA） patients treated with immunosuppressive biological drugs as suspected drugs, we analyzed the cases in the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report （JADER） database. We found that pneumonia, interstitial lung disease, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia （PCP), cellulitis, sepsis, and herpes zoster were the most frequently reported PTs. We obtained the reporting odds ratio （ROR） and the time to onset of these six PTs and compared them in the cases reported for each immunosuppressant as a suspected drug. We focused on RA treatment, including five tumor necrosis factor （TNF） antagonists （infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, golimumab, and certolizumab pegol). For pneumonia, interstitial lung disease and sepsis, no specific correlation was observed for each immunosuppressant for RA. In the case of PCP, the highest ROR was observed in the patients treated with infliximab. The time to onset of PCP in the infliximab-treated patients （median, 0.19 yr） was significantly shorter than the onset time in the patients treated with tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 receptor blocker that is another type of drug for RA（0.32 yr, p<0.01, Mann-Whitney test). The onset time in the patients treated with golimumab （0.24 yr） was also significantly shorter than the onset time for tocilizumab（p<0.05), but the ROR was not as high. These results suggested a correlation between PCP and infliximab. In the cases of cellulitis and herpes zoster, a similar correlation was observed with tocilizumab and certolizumab pegol, respectively. We should consider these results when patients have a respiratory disorder or skin/subcutaneous tissue disorder.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging disease that is endemic in East Asia. The SFTS virus (SFTSV) is transmitted to other organisms by infected ticks and is endemic to Nagasaki in western Japan. However, epidemiological information regarding SFTSV in Nagasaki ticks has not been elucidated. In this study, we first examined the sensitivities of SFTSV gene detection by real-time RT-PCR and virus isolation in cultured cells and mice. These methods could detect SFTSV in the samples containing more than 4 × 10⁰ ffu. Next, we attempted to isolate SFTSV and to detect viral gene in 2,222 nymph and adult ticks collected from May to August 2013 among seven regions of Nagasaki. However, neither virus isolation nor viral gene detection were confirmed in those tick pools. SFTSV positivity rates are considered very low in ticks and viral loads in ticks are also very limited. Further investigation by increasing the number of ticks and including larval samples in the investigation, as well as improved detection methods, may be required to find SFTSV-positive ticks in this region.

Objectives: This postmarketing study aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of oral administration of risedronate at 75 mg once monthly for 36 months in patients with osteoporosis in Japan. Methods: Participants were ambulatory outpatients with osteoporosis who were ≥ 50 years old and had prevalent vertebral fractures. Outcomes were the incidence rate of adverse drug reaction (ADR), cumulative incidence of vertebral, nonvertebral, and hip fractures, the percent changes of lumbar spinal L2–4 bone mineral density (BMD), and low back pain. In addition, medication compliance was examined. Results: Safety, vertebral fractures, and other outcomes were analyzed in 542, 328, and 535 patients, respectively. In the safety analysis set, 88.38% of the patients were women and the mean age was 75.9 years. The monthly medication compliance rate ranged from 83.24% to 95.38%. The incidence rate of ADRs, including 4 severe ADRs, was 10.52% (n = 57). The common ADRs were gastrointestinal disorders, musculoskeletal, and connective tissue disorders. No osteonecrosis of the jaw was reported. The cumulative incidences (95% CI) of vertebral, nonvertebral, and hip fractures at 36 months were 12.58% (8.61–18.18), 6.59% (4.31–10.01), and 1.58% (0.64–3.88), respectively. The L2–4 BMD increased by 10.59% compared with baseline value (P < 0.01), and the proportion of patients with low back pain decreased to 30.77%, at 36 months. Conclusions Administering 75 mg of risedronate once a month remains a favorable compliance rate and may be useful for the treatment of patients, even the elderly, with osteoporosis in daily practice.

Objectives: This postmarketing study aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of oral administration of risedronate at 75 mg once monthly for 36 months in patients with osteoporosis in Japan. Methods: Participants were ambulatory outpatients with osteoporosis who were ≥ 50 years old and had prevalent vertebral fractures. Outcomes were the incidence rate of adverse drug reaction (ADR), cumulative incidence of vertebral, nonvertebral, and hip fractures, the percent changes of lumbar spinal L2–4 bone mineral density (BMD), and low back pain. In addition, medication compliance was examined. Results: Safety, vertebral fractures, and other outcomes were analyzed in 542, 328, and 535 patients, respectively. In the safety analysis set, 88.38% of the patients were women and the mean age was 75.9 years. The monthly medication compliance rate ranged from 83.24% to 95.38%. The incidence rate of ADRs, including 4 severe ADRs, was 10.52% (n = 57). The common ADRs were gastrointestinal disorders, musculoskeletal, and connective tissue disorders. No osteonecrosis of the jaw was reported. The cumulative incidences (95% CI) of vertebral, nonvertebral, and hip fractures at 36 months were 12.58% (8.61–18.18), 6.59% (4.31–10.01), and 1.58% (0.64–3.88), respectively. The L2–4 BMD increased by 10.59% compared with baseline value (P < 0.01), and the proportion of patients with low back pain decreased to 30.77%, at 36 months. Conclusions Administering 75 mg of risedronate once a month remains a favorable compliance rate and may be useful for the treatment of patients, even the elderly, with osteoporosis in daily practice.

Prosthetic and bioprosthetic materials currently in use lack growth potential and therefore must be repeatedly replaced in pediatric patients as they grow. Tissue engineering is a new discipline that offers the potential for creating replacement structures from autologous cells and biodegradable polymer scaffolds. In May 2000, we initiated clinical application of tissue-engineered vascular grafts seeded with cultured cells. However, cell culturing is time-consuming, and xenoserum must be used. To overcome these disadvantages, we began to use bone marrow cells, readily available on the day of surgery, as a cell source. Since September 2001, tissue-engineered grafts seeded with autologous bone marrow cells have been implanted in 44 patients. The patients or their parents were fully informed and had given consent to the procedure. A 3 to 10ml/kg specimen of bone marrow was aspirated with the patient under general anesthesia before the skin incision. The polymer tube serving as a scaffold for the cells was composed of a copolymer of lactide and ε-caprolactone (50: 50) which degrades by hydrolysis. Polyglycolic or poly-l-lactic acid woven fabric was used for reinforcement. Twenty-six tissue-engineered conduits and 19 tissue-engineered patches were used for the repair of congenital heart defects. The patients' ages ranged from 1 to 24 years (median 7.4 years). All patients underwent a catheterization study, CT scan, or both, for evaluation after the operation. There were 4 late deaths due to heart failure with or without multiple organ failure or brain bleeding in this series; these were unrelated to the tissue-engineered graft function. One patient required percutaneous balloon angioplasty for tubular graft-stenosis and 4 patients for the stenosis of the patch-shaped tissue engineered material. Two patients required re-do operation; one for recurrent pulmonary stenosis and another for a resulting R-L shunt after the lateral tunnel method. Kaplan-Meier analysis in relation to patients' survival was 95% within 3 years. There was only 1 patient (who underwent a total cavo-pulmonary connection procedure) requiring re-intervention in the tubular graft group and the material-related event-free rate was 96% within 3 years. This tissueengineering approach may provide an important alternative to the use of prosthetic materials in the field of pediatric cardiovascular surgery. As it is living tissue, these vascular structures may have the potential for growth, repair, and remodeling. However, this approach is still in its infancy, further studies to resolve the problems presented, and longer follow-up in patients are necessary to confirm the durability of this approach.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the effects of resistance training (RT) on myocardial infarction (MI) patients in phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in our hospital.
METHODS: Twenty two outpatients who had participated in the phase II CR program more than three months at least were enrolled in this study. They were divided into control group (n＝8) and RT group (n＝14). We examined changes in the exercise capacity of these two groups. The traditional exercise programs which included aerobics and muscle strength exercise were run on the control group. Changes in exercise load for target heart rate measured with a bicycle ergometer as an indicator of exercise capacity were assessed in each patient 1,3 and 5 months after AMI onset.
RESULTS: The amounts of load and target heart rates recorded 1 month after the onset were not significantly different between the two groups. After 3,5 months of CR, the RT group showed no changes in the target heart rate but significant increase of the amount of load. The control group showed no change in the amount of load and target heart rate. In the amount of each load 3 and 5 months after, the RT group was significantly out did the control group.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that RT was useful in the improvement of exercise capacity for patients with MI who participated in the phase II CR program provided by our hospital.