We describe a 77-year-old woman with severe aortic stenosis, porcelain aorta and coronary artery disease, who underwent apicoaortic bypass with coronary artery bypass grafting. The patient, who had a history of aortitis syndrome had dyspnea. Cardiac echocardiography showed severe aortic valve stenosis (aortic valve pressure gradient (max/mean) = 115/74.4 mmHg, aortic valve area = 0.48 cm²). Coronary angiography showed severe stenosis of right coronary artery orifice (#1.90%) . Computed tomography showed severe calcification of the thoracic aorta and surgical manipulation for ascending aorta was impossible. We did not perform ordinary aortic valve replacement. Instead, apicoaortic bypass with coronary artery bypass grafting was performed. We approached by a left anterolateral thoracotomy at the 6th intercostal level. Apicoaortic valved conduit (valved graft : Edwards Prima Plus Stentless Porcine Bioprosthesis 19 mm + UBE woven graft 16 mm) was implanted. Saphenous vein graft was harvested and coronary bypass grafting (valved conduit-#4AV) was performed in the same operative field. Postoperative cine MRI showed that most of the cardiac stroke volume flowed through the conduit (44.4 ml/beat, 92.3%), with the flow via the aortic valve accounting for 3.69 ml/beat, 7.7%. Postoperative enhanced CT showed that the coronary artery bypass graft was patent. Apicoaortic bypass is a good surgical option for aortic stenosis with severe calcification aorta and coronary artery bypass grafting can also be performed in the same view.

  One patient was intervened by our palliative care team (PCT) to relieve neuropathic pain due to postoperative recurrence of rectal cancer. The dosage controlled-release oxycodone was increased, analgesic adjuvant drugs were changed and the administration of betamethasone were started. Furthermore, the number of times the patient took controlled-release oxycodone increased two to three times a day. These changes in medication resulted in relief of symptoms. Cetuximab therapy was given twice during the course. The other patient was intervened by the PCT for right upper limb pain and dyspnea due to postoperative recurrence of breast cancer. Morphine sulfate hydrate and analgesic adjuvant were additionally given. As pain increased three days after the administeration of transdermal fentanyl patches, the patches were changed every other day, instead of every three days. FEC100 therapy was given twice during the course. In the present two cases, the PCT was intervened with great zeal and rapid relief of symptoms resulted. In the meantime chemotherapy proceeded uneventfully. We thought that trust of the chief doctor in the PCT was most important for effective intervention.

We investigated annual changes with respect to the period taken from the onset of illness to the prescription of lower extremity orthoses in hemiplegic patients after stroke, retrospectively from 1992 to 2007, in an acute phase hospital. We subdivided the initial period into three parts : the period of time from onset to the beginning of rehabilitation (T1), from the beginning of rehabilitation to the beginning of rehabilitation in the training room (T2), and from the beginning of rehabilitation in the training room to prescription (T3). Analysis was made with respect to the relationship between each of the aforementioned periods and the prescription time. Furthermore, we also analyzed the relationship between the length of stay of patients who had been prescribed orthoses, and the prescription time. The prescription time was found to have gradually shortened over time ; moreover, the period in question shortened in a rapid way in 2001, as compared with previous years (p <0.05). T3 showed the highest correlation coefficient (r =0.99), and the length of stay also exhibited a high correlation coefficient (r =0.97). We assume that the annual changes in prescription time might have been due to various underlying factors, namely, social factors, such as a shortening of the length of stay, caused by the differentiation of roles among hospitals, as well as medical factors such as the development of acute phase rehabilitation, or changes in perception of the ways in which orthoses may be used for stroke patients by rehabilitation staff.

Many cardiovascular surgeons are well aware of the importance of non-technical skills but don't know what behaviors with high quality non-technical skills are in the operating room. The Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) system was developed to be used as a debriefing tool for supervisors to assess the non-technical skills of trainee surgeons and provide feedback immediately after surgery. The NOTSS system has the four categories containing three elements respectively, with "good behavior" and "bad behavior" indicated for each element. The purpose of this column is to introduce the NOTSS and to provide an opportunity to think about how cardiovascular surgeons should behave in the operating room. Jpn. J. Cardiovasc. Surg. 53(3): U1-U4 (2024)

The most common form of malignant transformation developing from a mature cystic teratoma is squamous cell carcinoma, representing 80% of malignant transformations, while adenocarcinoma accounts for approximately 5%. Because of this rarity, few reports exist of preoperative diagnosis of this tumor by magnetic resonance imaging, in particular with fat suppression techniques. Here, we report magnetic resonance imaging findings and clinical features of a 79-year-old woman with mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from a mature cystic teratoma (measuring 5x6 cm), classified as surgical stage IA. Because of the poor prognosis of malignant transformation, when mature cystic teratomas are detected (even smaller than 5 cm tumor size) in postmenopausal women, serum tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen levels and fat-suppressed magnetic resonance imaging may be potential indicators of malignant transformation.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Aged ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prognosis ; Teratoma

We describe a novel method for repeat median sternotomy. We have successfully used ‘finger’ lifting resternotomy technique and achieved zero major cardiovascular injury/catastrophic hemorrhage events at reoperation. After general anesthesia, all patients were placed in the supine position and two external defibrillator pads were placed on the chest wall. We perform a median skin and subcutaneous incision along the previous sternotomy incision extending 3 cm distal to the sternum. The sternal wires that had been used for the previous closure were left in place but untied. Using a long electric cautery, right thoracotomy was performed under the right costal arch approach. Then, the operator could approximate the sternal wires in the retro-sternal space. At the same time, the operator could confirm the retro-sternal adhesion status which by touching with a finger. Resternotomy was performed using an oscillating saw pointed toward the operator's finger, which allowed safe re-median sternotomy from the lower to the upper part of the sternum. This technique of finger-lifting resternotomy has been employed in 50 cardiovascular reoperations and resulted in 0 incident of major cardiac injury or catastrophic hemorrhage. The finger-lifting resternotomy technique is safe and simple in reoperation procedures and yield excellent early outcomes.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is considered complex genetic and tissue-specific autoimmune disease. We recently discovered a nonsynonymous variant in the coiled-coil alphahelical rod protein 1 (CCHCR1) gene within the AA risk haplotype. And a water avoidance stress test on CCHCR1 knockout mice induced AA-like lesions. Objective: To investigate the difference clinical findings of AA in patients with the CCHCR1 variant and without. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the data from 142 AA patients. Among these patients, 20 (14.1%) had a variant of CCHCR1. We evaluated the sex distribution of the patients, age at onset, distribution of the clinical types, prevalence of a positive family history of AA, prevalence of association of AA with atopic dermatitis, response to steroid therapy, and recurrence rate. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis and Fisher’s exact test for statistical analysis. We also investigate electron microscopic observations of hair samples with the CCHCR1 variant and without. Results: The results showed a significant correlation between the CCHCR1 variant and the recurrence rate compared with the variant-negative group (p=0.0072). Electron microscopy revealed abnormalities in the hair shaft structure and hair cuticle in patients with the CCHCR1 variant (p=0.00174). Conclusion Our results suggest that AA with CCHCR1 variant is clinically characterized by a high recurrence rate and hair morphological abnormality.

A 63-year-old man was admitted to our hospital in March 2017 with dysphagia and right homonymous hemianopsia. We diagnosed him with esophagogastric junction cancer (adenocarcinoma) with metastases to the cerebral occipital lobe, bone, and lymph nodes. After one cycle of 5FU + cisplatin (FP), the brain metastasis was resected because of the hemiplegic symptoms he developed. Histology of the resected tissue showed no viable tumor cells. After three cycles of FP, the primary lesion and metastases were resolved. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a scar at the primary site. This was considered a complete response (CR). In April 2018, CT revealed a mass at the cardia, which was considered as lymph node metastases with gastric wall invasion. Although two additional cycles of FP were administered for recurrent tumors, the efficacy was progressive. In August 2018, proximal gastrectomy and D1 + lymph node dissection were performed. The pathological diagnosis was gastric intramural metastases and lymph node metastases (ypN1 [2/22]). Weekly paclitaxel therapy was administered for three months after surgery. Two years have passed since the last surgery without recurrence. We report a rare case of esophagogastric junction cancer with brain, bone, and gastric intramural metastases that responded to combined modality therapy.

The patient was an 80-year-old man who was diagnosed with cStage IIIB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and early gastric cancer. The advanced lung cancer was treated with chemotherapy while the gastric cancer was monitored. Immune checkpoint inhibitors were effective against the lung cancer for a long period, but new gastric cancer appeared and progressed to an advanced stage, necessitating total gastrectomy 5 years after the diagnosis of NSCLC. The patient is currently being treated with a molecular targeted agent for progression of the lung cancer after gastrectomy. In the future, the number of cases with multiple primary cancers will increase alongside aging of the population and advances in cancer treatment, and a system for tumor-agnostic treatment selection and medical treatment will be necessary.

Background/Aims: Several studies have assessed the effect of cool temperature on colonic peristalsis. Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is a temperature-sensitive ion channel activated by mild cooling expressed in the colon. We examined the antispasmodic effect of cool temperature on colonic peristalsis in a prospective, randomized, single-blind trial and based on the video imaging and intraluminal pressure of the proximal colon in rats and TRPM8-deficient mice. Methods: In the clinical trial, we randomly assigned a total of 94 patients scheduled to undergo colonoscopy to 2 groups: the mildly cool water (n = 47) and control (n = 47) groups. We used 20 mL of 15°C water for the mildly cool water. The primary outcome was the proportion of subjects with improved peristalsis after treatment. In the rodent proximal colon, we evaluated the intraluminal pressure and performed video imaging of the rodent proximal colon with cool water administration into the colonic lumen. Clinical trial registry website (Trial No. UMIN-CTR; UMIN000030725). Results: In the randomized controlled trial, after treatment, the proportion of subjects with no peristalsis with cool water was significantly higher than that in the placebo group (44.7% vs 23.4%; P < 0.05). In the rodent colon model, cool temperature water was associated with a significant decrease in colonic peristalsis through its suppression of the ratio of peak frequency (P < 0.05). Cool temperaturetreated TRPM8-deficient mice did not show a reduction in colonic peristalsis compared with wild-type mice. Conclusion For the first time, this study demonstrates that cool temperature-dependent suppression of colonic peristalsis may be associated with TRPM8 activation.