The aim is to evaluate the effect of ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol on anti-BSA antibody production triggered by bovine albumin encapsulated in non-ionic surfactant vesicle, niosomes. Reverse phase evaporation method was adopted to entrap the antigen in colloidal carrier composed of Span 80 and Span 85 followed by simultaneous characterization for particle size, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. The protein content was determined by Bradford method using UV Visible Spectrophotometer at 595 nm. Humoral immune response was measured in terms of systemic IgG antibody titre by ELISA method. Experimental data indicated that 7 : 3 molar ratio of Span 80 and cholesterol based niosomal formulation possessed maximum (39.8 +/- 2.9)% of soluble protein. Ciprofloxacin markedly (P < 0.05) decreased the antibody titre. In contrast, chloramphenicol did not reduce the antibody titre significantly in comparison to control group (P > 0.05). It is necessary to explore the effect of a vaccine antigen when a candidate is medicated with a therapeutic agent, which might help in programming a new drug management and vaccination programme.
Animals ; Antibody Formation ; drug effects ; Chloramphenicol ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Ciprofloxacin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Drug Carriers ; Hexoses ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Liposomes ; Male ; Particle Size ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Serum Albumin, Bovine

The present investigation is aimed to develop a new formulation containing chemically crosslinked guar gum microspheres loaded with 5-fluorouracil for targeting colorectal cancer. The emulsification polymerization method involving the dispersion of aqueous phase of guar gum in castor oil was used to prepare spherical microspheres. Various processing parameters were studied in order to optimize the formulation. Particle size and surface morphology of the microspheres were determined using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The in vitro drug release studies performed in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) for 2 h followed by intestinal fluid for 3 h, revealed the retention of the drug inside the microspheres from which only (15.27 +/- 0.56) % of the drug was released in 5 h. In vitro release rate studies were also carried out in simulated colonic fluid (SCF) in the presence of rat caecal contents, which showed improved drug release. The drug release from the formulation was found to be (41.6 +/- 3.5) % with 2% (w/v) caecal matter in 24 h as compared to control study where (25.2 +/- 3.5) % of drug was released. The drug release from the formulation with 2% and 4% rat caecal contents medium after 2 days of enzyme induction was found to be (56.3 +/- 4.1) % and (78.9 +/- 2.8) % in 24 h respectively. Similarly, (61.3 +/- 5.4) % and (90.2 +/- 2.9) % drug was released respectively with 2% and 4% rat caecal matter after 4 days of enzyme induction and (72.1 +/- 2.9) % and (90.2 +/- 3.2) % after 6 days of enzyme induction. In this way, 5-fluorouracil loaded guar gum microspheres have shown promising results in the management of colorectal cancer, warranting thorough in vivo study for scale up technology.
Animals ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Cecum ; metabolism ; Colon ; metabolism ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Galactans ; chemistry ; Mannans ; chemistry ; Microspheres ; Particle Size ; Plant Gums ; chemistry ; Rats

Plants are the real basis towards animal life and are also central to people's livelihood. The contributions of the plants in performing varied religious celebrations and in other multiple beneficiaries like medicine, human happiness as well as in treating deadly diseases can never be neglected. In treating diseases, the plants and their constituents are better choice than any other synthetic chemical. The nature has been kind enough to provide the human beings with various types of medicinal plants and in the real sense these form the storehouse of curing almost all the ailments. Consequently, most of the drugs which are being used in preparing formulations have their origin and roots in the plants which form the chief natural source of medicines. Even in modern era, the plant-derived drugs are being extensively used, either in their original or semi-synthetic form. It is because their natural phytoconstituents are highly innocuous posing relatively fewer or no side effects. Based upon their observations, analysis and experience, our ancestors used many plants for medicinal purposes and thus their efforts need to be supported by scientific evidence. Jasminum grandiflorum Linn. is one of such important plants. It has been extensively used by the tribes all over India to treat different diseases which mainly include body pains, toothache, stomach ache, ulcers, and sexual impotency. Chemistry of the plant revealed the presence of mainly secoiridoids, terpenoids, flavonoids and tannins. Not much scientific support was given to the folklore claims for this plant but some of its traditional uses were investigated like spasmolytic, wound healing, antimicrobial, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, antiulcer and antioxidant activities. This article is the review of research works done on the plant Jasminum grandiflorum Linn. to date. As a part of it the local names, morphology, traditional claims, chemistry and pharmacological activities have been discussed.
Animals ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Jasminum ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology