No abstract available.
Africa* ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Myiasis* ; Sarcophagidae* ; Wounds and Injuries*

In medicolegal investigations, correct identification of the necrophagous fly species collected around and on the corpse is an essential step for estimating the postmortem interval (PMI). Therefore, forensic pathologists and entomologists investigating deaths due to violent crimes need a rapid, easy-to-use protocol to identify fly species found on corpses. A rapid and robust DNA-based tool that can distinguish between various immature and mature species from the Calliphoridae, Muscidae, and Sarcophagidae families would be ideal for such investigations. To date, the DNA barcode initiative is the best approach for identifying species-specific nucleotide sequences. We have developed 3 sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR)-based identification systems derived from the Abdominal-B homeobox sequences of 17 fly species belonging to the Muscidae and Sarcophagidae. The flies used in this study were collected in Korea. These assay systems can classify 17 forensically important fly species into the dipteran family group and reliably distinguish them from inter- and intraspecific fly species through a 2-step multiplex PCR. This novel approach may also be used as an alternative to conventional DNA-based identification methods.
Base Sequence ; Cadaver ; Crime ; Diptera ; DNA ; Genes, Homeobox ; Humans ; Korea ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Muscidae ; Sarcophagidae

We describe here a rare case of traumatic myiasis occurred in August 2014, caused by an association of 2 Diptera species, Sarcophaga tibialis Macquart (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in a domestic cat in northern Italy. Species identification was based on adult male morphology. The present case is the first report of S. tibialis as an agent of myiasis in Italy, and also the first ever report of myiasis caused by an association of S. tibialis and L. sericata. The cat developed an extensive traumatic myiasis in a large wound on the rump, which was treated pharmacologically and surgically. The biology, ecology, and distribution of S. tibialis and L. sericata are also discussed. A literature review is provided on cases of myiasis caused by S. tibialis, and cases of myiasis by L. sericata involving cats worldwide and humans and animals in Italy.
Animals ; Animals, Domestic/parasitology ; Cat Diseases/*parasitology ; Cats ; Diptera/growth & development/*physiology ; Female ; Italy ; Larva/growth & development/physiology ; Male ; Myiasis/parasitology/*veterinary ; Sarcophagidae/growth & development/*physiology

OBJECTIVE: To detect the 278 bp region of gene of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) in mitochondral DNA (mtDNA) of sarcosaphagous flies, identify the species of sarcosaphagous flies, and provide reference for forensic application. METHODS: Samples were collected in Baotou and Chifeng of Inner Mongolia, Tianjin, Nanning, Fuzhou, Linyi of Shandong, Shijiazhuang, Yinchuan, Lanzhou, Huairou of Beijing, Xinxiang and Nanyang of Henan, Datong of Shanxi, Wuhu of Anhui, Quzhou of Zhejiang, Changsha, Zhuzhou and Yongzhou of Hunan. A total of 38 flies were randomly collected from rabbits, dogs and pigs which were set outdoors, then the flies' mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were extracted by the improved small insects DNA homogenate method. Amplification was conducted by Perkin-Elmer 9600 thermal cycler, then vertical non-denaturing 7% polyacrylamide gelectrophoresis. PCR products were purified using the nucleic acid purification kit. Sequences of both strands were obtained by direct sequence of the double-stranded PCR product using one of the PCR primers and the ABI PRISM big dye terminator cycle sequencing dit. Sequence reactions were electrophorsed on ABI Model 3730 DNA Sequencers. A UPGMA tree was contrasted using the maximum composite likelihood method in MEGA4. RESULTS: The 38 sarcosaphagous flies belonged to 3 families(Muscidae, Calliphoridae, and Sarcophagidae), 10 genuses (Musca Linnaeus, Hydrotaea Robineau-Desvoidy, Aldrichina Townsend, Hemipyrellia Townsend, Achoetandrus Bezzi, Protophormia Townsend, Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy, Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy, Helicophagella Enderlein, and Boettcherisca Rohdendorf), and 12 species [Musca domestica (Linnaeus), Hydrotaea (Ophyra) capensis (Wiedemann), Lucilia caesar (Linnaeus), Lucilia illustris (Meigen), Aldrichina graham (Aldrich), Hemipyrellia ligurriens, Achoetandrus (Chrysomya) rufifacies (Macquary), Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-Desvoidy), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), Lucilia sericata (Meigen), Helicophagella melanura (Meigen), and Boettcherisca peregrine (Robineau-Desvoidy)]. CONCLUSION The genus of the sarcosaphagous flies can be identified by 278 bp gene sequence analysis of CO I in mtDNA. This method is rapid, convenient and precise.
Animals ; China ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Electron Transport Complex IV ; classification ; genetics ; Forensic Medicine ; Genes, Insect ; Genes, Mitochondrial ; Larva ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Sarcophagidae ; classification ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity

OBJECTIVE: To identify the common Sarcophagidae with a 278 bp fragment of cytochrome oxidase I in mitochondrial DNA and to obtain an unambiguous and rapid identification method for Sarcophagidae in forensic investigations. METHODS: Nineteen Sarcosaprophagous flies were collected from 16 locations in 12 Chinese provinces. All specimens were comprised of 4 species. The mtDNA of flies was extracted with SDSPK extraction method. Polymerase chain reaction was conducted in an Eppendorf 5331 thermal cycler. The PCR products were purified and sequenced and the obtained sequences were uploaded to GenBank. A neighbor-joining tree was constructed with MEGA4.0 package. RESULTS: The 19 Sarcosaprophagous flies were well clustered. The intraspecific variation within species varied from 0% to 3%, while the interspecific variations between species varied from 8% to 12%. CONCLUSION Congeneric species can be separated by the short fragment (278 bp region in the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene), which will be instrumental for implementation of the Chinese Sarcophagidae database and lay a foundation for post mortem interval estimation in future forensic cases.
Animals ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Electron Transport Complex IV ; genetics ; Entomology ; methods ; Forensic Pathology ; methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Postmortem Changes ; Sarcophagidae ; classification ; enzymology ; genetics ; Species Specificity

Four cases of gastric or intestinal myiasis are reported. The cases contain 2 males (1 child 10 years old, and 1 adult 40 years old) and 2 females (1 girl 18 years old, and 1 adult 50 years old) from Minia Governorate, Southern Egypt. Three of them, including cases no. 1, 3, and 4, were gastric myiasis, and complained of offensive hematemesis of bright red blood. Minute moving worms, larvae of the fly, were found in the vomitus. On the other hand, case no. 2 had intestinal myiasis, and complained of abdominal distention, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The stool of case 2 was mixed with blood, and minute moving worms were observed in the stool. Endoscopy was performed to explore any pathological changes in the stomach of the patients. The larvae were collected and studied macroscopically, microscopically, and us-ing a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to identify their species. Three different types of larvae were identified. The larvae isolated from case 1 were diagnosed as the second stage larvae of Sarcophaga species, and the larvae isolated from case 2 were the third stage larvae of Sarcophaga species. On the other hand, the larvae isolated from cases 3 and 4 were diagnosed as the third stage larvae of Oestrus species.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Diptera/anatomy & histology/growth & development/*physiology ; Egypt ; Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis/*parasitology ; Humans ; Larva/anatomy & histology/growth & development/physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myiasis/diagnosis/*parasitology ; Sarcophagidae/anatomy & histology/growth & development/*physiology