Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a scale to measure nursing students' competence in managing violence from patients and relatives in the hospital where nursing students perform clinical practicum. Methods: Literature review and Delphi expert consultation were utilized to develop the content of the management of workplace violence competence scale (MWVCS). A convenience sample of 797 nursing students responded to the questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis of the scale was performed. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were examined. Results: The MWVCS consisted of 40 items with a five-point scale. Seven factors explained 63.2% of the total explained variance. The content validity index for the scale was .99. Cronbach's α of the scale was .96, and test–retest correlations were found to be ≥ .76. Conclusion The MWVCS is a reliable and valid scale for nursing educators to assess the level of students' competence in violence management and to evaluate the effectiveness of education to enhance their ability to manage workplace violence.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a scale to measure nursing students' competence in managing violence from patients and relatives in the hospital where nursing students perform clinical practicum. Methods: Literature review and Delphi expert consultation were utilized to develop the content of the management of workplace violence competence scale (MWVCS). A convenience sample of 797 nursing students responded to the questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis of the scale was performed. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were examined. Results: The MWVCS consisted of 40 items with a five-point scale. Seven factors explained 63.2% of the total explained variance. The content validity index for the scale was .99. Cronbach's α of the scale was .96, and test–retest correlations were found to be ≥ .76. Conclusion The MWVCS is a reliable and valid scale for nursing educators to assess the level of students' competence in violence management and to evaluate the effectiveness of education to enhance their ability to manage workplace violence.

No abstract available.
Education ; Nursing

BACKGROUND: The present it is getting to be on aged society there is increasing that hospital has higher rate for place of death than home. Because we can expect that many patients who are faced with death come to hospital or hospice in the future, we have studied preferred place of death with an old women in seoul to have essential material of plan to understand asking for medical service of death, to divide medical manpowers and equipments and to supplement and to revise of medical educations. METHODS: Through the internet, 71 schools for the elderly. Of 277 an old woman who attending the schools out of 7 schools. We research into preferred place of death by self answering way through the June to July in 2000. RESULTS: The average age was 72.4 years. Of 277 respondents, 87 respondents(32.46%) reply their homes as a place of death and 166(61.94%) reply hospital, 15(5.6%) reply hospice, missing is 9. Statistical significance has connections with only level of education. The highest reason(47.5%) why respondents choose the hospital or hospice is only to reduce their children's burdens. Unlike respondents that education attending period is below 6 year, the relative risk of choosing the hospital or hospice between respondents who are 6 9year and above 9 year is each of 3.66, 5.58. CONCLUSION: This research shows that an elderly women in seoul prefer hospitals or hospice to homes as their place of death.
Aged* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Female ; Hospices ; Humans ; Internet ; Seoul*

BACKGROUND: For people who have high risk diseases or who are aged 65 years or more, routine influenza vaccination is required. However, in Korea, influenza vaccination rate of such people is low. We performed a study to assess the effectiveness of physician reminder in improving the rate of recommending influenza vaccination. METHODS: Among the patients who registered to tertiary care hospital family clinic center, 305 patients with diabetes mellitus or aged 65 years or more were randomly assigned into physician reminder group and control group. After excluding the patients who were vaccinated before the medical consultation or who did not attend the clinic, remaining 253 patients were included as final study subjects. For the physician reminder group, a sticker showing that influenza vaccination was needed was placed on each medical record. Demographic and clinical characteristics, recommendation of vaccination by physician, and the receipt of vaccination were checked through self-administered questionnaires, review of medical chart and order communication system, and telephone interview. RESULTS: The rates of recommending vaccination in the physician reminder group and the control group were 36% and 29.7%, respectively. The difference between the two groups was not significant. Vaccination rate in patients for whom influenza vaccination was recommended by their physician was 87.0%, whereas those for whom vaccination was not recommended was only 41.2%. CONCLUSION: Physician reminder for influenza vaccination was not effective in this study. However, the physician's recommendation was effective in improving the influenza vaccination rate. Effective strategies will be needed to encourage physicians to recommend influenza vaccination.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Influenza, Human* ; Interviews as Topic ; Korea ; Medical Records* ; Reminder Systems ; Tertiary Healthcare ; Vaccination* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Target-controlled infusion (TCI) of remifentanil can suppress coughing during emergence from general anesthesia; nevertheless, previous studies under different clinical conditions recommend significantly different effective effect-site concentrations (effective Ce) of remifentanil for 50% of patients (EC50). The differences among these studies include type of surgery and patient sex. In recent years, study of sex differences in regards to anesthetic pharmacology has drawn greater interest. Accordingly, we attempted to determine the effective Ce of remifentanil for preventing cough for each sex under the same clinical conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty female and 25 male ASA physical status I-II grade patients between the ages of 20 and 46 years who were undergoing thyroidectomy were enrolled in this study. The effective Ce of remifentanil for preventing cough was determined for each sex using the isotonic regression method with a bootstrapping approach, following Dixon's up-and-down method. RESULTS: Isotonic regression with a bootstrapping approach revealed that the estimated EC50 of remifentanil for preventing coughing during emergence was significantly lower in females {1.30 ng/mL [83% confidence interval (CI), 1.20-1.47 ng/mL]} than in males [2.57 ng/mL (83% CI, 2.45-2.70 ng/mL)]. Mean EC50 in females was also significantly lower than in males (1.23+/-0.21 ng/mL vs. 2.43+/-0.21 ng/mL, p<0.001). Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate over time were not significantly different between the sexes. CONCLUSION: When using remifentanil TCI for cough prevention during anesthetic emergence, patient sex should be a considered for appropriate dosing.
Adult ; Anesthesia, General/*adverse effects ; Cough/*prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Piperidines/*administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Sex Factors ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Previous case-control studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. We investigated these associations using meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library in April 2011. Two evaluators independently reviewed and selected articles, based on pre-determined selection criteria. RESULTS: Out of 737 articles meeting our initial criteria, 5 case-control studies, which involved 120,091 participants (9,514 cases and 110,577 controls), were included in the final analyses. The overall use of PPI (used vs. never or rarely used) was not significantly associated with the risk of CRC in a fixed-effects model meta-analysis of all 5 case-control studies (odds ratio [OR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96 to 1.20; I2 = 3.5%). Also, in sensitivity meta-analysis by cumulative duration of PPI use, there was no association between PPI use of 1 year or longer and the risk of colorectal cancer in a fixed-effects meta-analysis (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.22; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION: Although hypergastrinemia could be an important factor in the pathogenesis of some colorectal cancers, our study suggests that this does not lead to significant clinical risk for most PPI users. Further prospective studies or randomized controlled trials related to PPI use and colorectal cancer risk are needed to investigate this association.
Case-Control Studies ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; Proton Pumps ; Protons

BACKGROUND: Weaning from mechanical ventilation is difficult in the intensive care unit (ICU). Many controversial questions remain unanswered concerning the predictors of weaning failure. This study investigates patient characteristics and delayed weaning after lung transplantation. METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 17 lung transplantation patients from October 2012 to December 2013. Patients able to be weaned from mechanical ventilation within 8 days after surgery were assigned to an early group (n = 9), and the rest of the patients were assigned to the delayed group (n=8). Patients' intraoperative and postoperative characteristics were collected and analyzed, and conventional weaning predictors, including rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI), were also assessed. RESULTS: The results of the early group showed a significantly shorter ICU stay in addition to a shorter hospitalization overall. Notably, the early group had a higher body mass index (BMI) than the delayed group (20.7 vs. 16.9, p = 0.004). In addition, reopening occurred more frequently in the delayed group (1/9 vs. 5/8, p = 0.05). During spontaneous breathing trials, tidal volume (TV) and arterial oxygen tension were significantly higher in the early group compared to the delayed weaning group, but differences in RSBI and respiratory rate (RR) between groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Low BMI might be associated with delayed ventilator weaning in lung transplantation patients. In addition, instead of the traditional weaning predictors of RSBI and RR, TV might be a better predictor for ventilator weaning after lung transplantation.
Body Mass Index* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Lung Transplantation* ; Medical Records ; Oxygen ; Respiration ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilator Weaning* ; Weaning

The Schedule of Fatigue and Anergy/General Physician (SOFA/GP) was developed to screen for prolonged fatigue in the primary care setting. We aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the SOFA/GP (SOFA/GP-K), which is adapted from the original English version. We performed translation and back translation, and after conducting a pilot study, we tested the final version of the questionnaire for its reliability and validity in a Korean primary care setting. Two hundred participants that visited a health examination center in a university hospital completed the survey between September and November 2012. A second survey was performed within 2 weeks of the primary survey to test for reliability. We evaluated concurrent validity between the SOFA/GP-K score, the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Brief Fatigue Index (BFI) scores. The Spearman correlation coefficient between SOFA/GP-K and FSS was 0.71 and 0.61 between SOFA/GP-K and BFI. Internal consistency of SOFA/GP-K was observed (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82) and construct validity was confirmed by factor analysis. The Kappa scores for test-retest reliability for each survey item were between 0.28 and 0.64. The SOFA/GP-K is a valid and reliable questionnaire for screening fatigue in a primary care setting.
Adult ; Aged ; Fatigue/metabolism/*pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pilot Projects ; Practice Guidelines as Topic/*standards ; Republic of Korea ; Severity of Illness Index ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Translating ; Young Adult

The Schedule of Fatigue and Anergy/General Physician (SOFA/GP) was developed to screen for prolonged fatigue in the primary care setting. We aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the SOFA/GP (SOFA/GP-K), which is adapted from the original English version. We performed translation and back translation, and after conducting a pilot study, we tested the final version of the questionnaire for its reliability and validity in a Korean primary care setting. Two hundred participants that visited a health examination center in a university hospital completed the survey between September and November 2012. A second survey was performed within 2 weeks of the primary survey to test for reliability. We evaluated concurrent validity between the SOFA/GP-K score, the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Brief Fatigue Index (BFI) scores. The Spearman correlation coefficient between SOFA/GP-K and FSS was 0.71 and 0.61 between SOFA/GP-K and BFI. Internal consistency of SOFA/GP-K was observed (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82) and construct validity was confirmed by factor analysis. The Kappa scores for test-retest reliability for each survey item were between 0.28 and 0.64. The SOFA/GP-K is a valid and reliable questionnaire for screening fatigue in a primary care setting.
Adult ; Aged ; Fatigue/metabolism/*pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pilot Projects ; Practice Guidelines as Topic/*standards ; Republic of Korea ; Severity of Illness Index ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Translating ; Young Adult