The Hiroshima University Dental Behaviour Inventory (HU-DBI) was used to assess the attitudes towards oral health behaviour of the pharmacy and dental college students at Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). HU-DBI consists of 20 items primarily associated with tooth brushing behaviour. All of the items have a dichotomous response format (agree/disagree). A quantitative estimate of oral health attitude and behaviour is provided by the total appropriate agree/disagree responses. The maximum possible score is 12. Greater HU-DBI score indicates better oral health attitude and behaviour. A total of 57 students participated in the survey with a response rate of 71%. There was a significant difference (p=0.0001) between dental and pharmacy college students for oral health attitudes with dental students presenting a mean HU-DBI score of 6.65 in contrast to 4.74 among pharmacy students. Significantly greater percentage of pharmacy students (83.9%) reported that they don’t worry much about visiting the dentist than the dental students (53.8%). Nearly three-fourths of pharmacy students believed that their teeth was getting worse despite of daily brushing and significantly more pharmacy students were worried about bad breath Dental college students reported better attitudes to oral health behaviour than students of pharmacy.

PURPOSE: To establish the strength of the association between routine tear function tests and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) and to determine whether they simulate the morphological and cytological changes that occur on the ocular surface in dry eye. What are the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of these tests when CIC is considered the gold standard? METHODS: The tear film profile included tear film break up time (TBUT), Schirmer's-1, Rose Bengal scores (RBS), and impression cytology. CIC samples were obtained from the inferior bulbar conjunctiva and stained with periodic acid-Schiff and counter stained with hematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS: The mean Schirmer's value was 11.66 +/- 5.90 in patients and 17.17 +/- 2.97 in controls (p < 0.001). The mean TBUT in participants was 8.88 +/- 3.54 and 13.53 +/- 2.12 in controls (p < 0.001). Patients had a mean goblet cell density (GCD) of 490 +/- 213, while the value for controls was 1,462 +/- 661 (p < 0.001). Abnormal CIC was observed in 46.7% cases of dry eye and in 32.8% of controls. The correlation coefficient (L) for Schirmer's was 0.2 and 0.24 for participants and controls, respectively, while TBUT values were 0.26 and 0.38, RBS were 0.5 and 0.5, and GCD was 0.8 and 0.6 in cases and controls, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: GCD, RBS, and TBUT were better predictors of morphological and cytological changes in the conjunctiva than Schirmer's in dry eye syndrome. The sensitivity of tear function tests in diagnosing dry eye was TBUT > Schirmer's > RBS, and the specificity was Schirmer's > TBUT > RBS in decreasing order when CIC was considered the gold standard.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Conjunctiva/pathology ; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological/*standards ; Dry Eye Syndromes/*diagnosis/*pathology ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS)/diagnostic use ; Female ; Goblet Cells/pathology ; Hematoxylin/diagnostic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmology/*standards ; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction/standards ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Rose Bengal/diagnostic use ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; *Tears ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To compare the safety and efficacy of tamsulosin and tamsulosin with the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor tadalafil in combination with prednisolone as medical expulsive therapies for lower ureteric stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July 2011 and December 2012, 62 adult patients presenting with distal ureteric stones sized 5 to 10 mm were randomized equally to treatment with tamsulosin (group A) or tamsulosin with tadalafil (group B). Therapy was given for a maximum of 6 weeks. In addition, patients in groups A and B were given 5-mg prednisolone once daily (maximum 1 week). The stone expulsion rate, time to stone expulsion, analgesic use, number of hospital visits for pain, follow-up and endoscopic treatment, and adverse effects of the drugs were noted. Statistical analyses were done by using Student t-test and chi-square test. RESULTS: There was a higher expulsion rate (83.9% in group B and 74.2% in group A) and a lower time to expulsion in both treatment groups than in historical controls used in earlier studies. However, these results were not statistically significant (p=0.349, p=0.074, respectively). Statistically significant differences were noted in hospitalization for colic and analgesic requirement, which were less in group B than in group A. There were no serious adverse events. Another important finding was improvement in erectile function in group B. CONCLUSIONS: Medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteric stones using tamsulosin and tadalafil with prednisolone is safe and efficacious. Also, the prescription of tadalafil in cases of erectile dysfunction with the development of lower ureteric stones may provide additional advantages.
Adult ; Colic ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Prednisolone* ; Prescriptions ; Ureter* ; Urinary Calculi

Anaemia of chronic disease (ACD) is caused due to an underlying chronic inflammatory process. It is not due to marrow deficiency of iron. Chronic periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition which has been associated with anaemia of chronic disease. The aim of this study is to estimate various hematologic parameters suggestive of ACD in patients with chronic periodontitis and in the process to establish a relation between the two. Forty patients were selected and were categorized, based on the presence and absence of chronic periodontitis, into case and control groups, with 20 subjects in each group. Hematologic evaluation was done. Complete haemogram, haematocrit, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and estimation of serum ferritin were done. An independent t-test was calculated. Statistically significant values (p<0.05) were obtained for neutrophil count, ESR, red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and serum ferritin. ESR, RBC and serum ferritin levels were significantly increased in subjects with chronic periodontitis. There were significant differences in neutrophil, ESR, RBC and serum ferritin in subjects having severe form of generalized chronic periodontitis. Thus, it was concluded that chronic generalized periodontitis, by means of an inflammatory process, influences various hematologic parameters are suggestive of anaemia of chronic disease.
Chronic Periodontitis ; Periodontitis

Intrathoracic teratomas are usually seen in the mediastinum; they rarely occur in the lung as intrapulmonary teratomas. The criteria for pulmonary origin are the exclusion of a gonadal site or other extragonadal primary sites and the exclusive origin of the tumour from the lung. Lung teratomas, for reasons unknown, commonly involve the upper lobe. Here, we report the case of a mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst) in the right middle lobe of the lung in a 22-year-old man. We present the clinical and radiological features, as well as histopathological findings, and discuss the relevant literature.
Bronchoscopy ; Dermoid Cyst ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Male ; Teratoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common movement disorder characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the lower limbs relieved by limb movements. Clinical studies have established a possible association between RLS and vitamin B12 deficiency but not a causal one. RLS has rarely been reported as an isolated neurological manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency. In this case report, we described a 24-year-old young man with RLS who responded poorly to symptomatic therapy. The etiological evaluation suggested vitamin B12 deficiency secondary to pernicious anemia. The patient responded rapidly to vitamin B12 supplementation and clinical manifestations of RLS resolved, suggesting a possible causal relationship.

Crossed fused renal ectopia is a rare anomaly and may be associated with pelvic ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO). The L-shaped fusion variety is even rarer. We report such a case with a crossed fused ectopic pelvic kidney (L-type) with PUJO and its successful laparoscopic management. Through this report we emphasize the importance of adequate preoperative imaging and intraoperative details to avoid mishaps.
Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney/*abnormalities ; Kidney Diseases/*complications/congenital/surgery ; Kidney Pelvis/*surgery ; Laparoscopy/*methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures/*methods ; Ureter/*surgery ; Ureteral Obstruction/etiology/*surgery ; Urologic Surgical Procedures/methods

We report the case of a 55-year-old woman with bilateral, large, calcified adrenal tumors who was treated by laparoscopic adrenalectomy. The patient presented with upper abdominal discomfort for the past 5 years. Her imaging showed bilateral enlarged adrenal glands up to 10-cm size with punctate calcifications. Positron emission tomography scan demonstrated moderate fluorodeoxyglucose avidity in the left adrenal mass. Bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed through a transperitoneal approach. The postoperative period was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the third postoperative day. Histology findings were consistent with adrenal leiomyomatosis.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ; Adrenal Glands ; Adrenalectomy ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Leiomyoma* ; Leiomyomatosis ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Postoperative Period

PURPOSE: To review our experience with the management of fragmented and retained pigtail percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) tubes and to explore the reasons for the fragmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our institute database from January 2006 to December 2011 for patients who had undergone retrieval of fragmented PCN tubes. We assessed the preoperative factors, operative technique, and post-operative outcomes. RESULTS: A total of seven patients (4 males and 3 females) had been diagnosed with fragmented PCN tubes. The mean age of the patients was 41.5 years. Of the seven patients, five required antegrade instrumentation by way of a percutaneous tract to remove the foreign body, mostly along with stone retrieval. One patient underwent ureterorenoscopy and pneumolithotripsy for a ureteric stone along with ureteroscopic removal of the PCN fragment. Another patient underwent nephrectomy of the kidney containing the PCN fragment because it had become nonfunctioning. All patients were free of stones and symptoms on follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A prolonged waiting period for definitive surgery, urinary infection, and associated stone disease are significant factors causing fragmentation of PCN tubes. Proper insertion techniques, regular timed changes of the PCN tube, appropriate care of the PCN tube, and early surgery for underlying stone disease are required to avoid this complication. Patients with retained PCN tubes can be managed effectively with antegrade or retrograde endoscopic techniques while definitive management of the primary pathology is carried out, without any additional morbidity.
Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Calculi ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; Polyurethanes ; Pregnenolone Carbonitrile ; Pyonephrosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Ureter

Endovascular management of intraparenchymal renal artery pseudoaneurysms is a reasonable and effective therapeutic technique. Endovascular management preserves the maximum amount of renal tissue and reduces the potential risk of nephrectomy. We present the case of an angiocatheter that became stuck in the renal artery following the injection of cyanoacrylate glue for angioembolization of an intrarenal pseudoaneurysm.
Adhesives* ; Aneurysm, False* ; Cyanoacrylates ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Nephrectomy ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; Renal Artery