Objective In order to understand and evaluate the significance and action of the whole body's regulation in the organism's heat shock response, this paper analyzed the difference between the anaesthetic and sober mice in the same heat shock condition. Methods The anaesthetic and sober mice were treated respectively in 40, 42,44 and 46℃ for 30?min and then recovered for 24?h in normal raise. The heat shock protein 70(HSP70) in mouse livers were checked by Western blot.The acid and neutral proteinase activities in mouse livers were checked by renatured electrophoresis of proteinases. Results HSP70 synthsis in the sober mouse livers was decreased by 44\|46℃, but it was stronger in the anaesthetic mouse livers. The acid proteinase activities in the sober and anaesthetic mouse livers basically indicated a positive relationship with HSP70 synthesis, but the neutral proteinase activities showed a negative relationship.Conclusion Based on the results, it was inferred that the anaesthetic mouse livers had a higher heat\|resistance than that of the sober mouse livers, and that the stress response of the mouse livers was regulated by two levels of cells and whole body, which also involved in other physiological and biochemical actions except the heat shock protein synthesis. [

Objective In order to understand which kind of function genes play an important role for es-timating wound age, the variation of difference genes’ mRNA expression were compared after injury. Methods T he mRNA expression levels of seven candidate genes (ICAM-1, NF-κB, MX2, MT1, MT2, sTnI, and Cox6c) were analyzed in contused rat skeletal muscle at different time points using real-time fluorescent quantitative PC R (R T-qPC R ). T he rawC t values were normalized relative to that of RPL32 mRNA , and converted to standard C t values. A t each time point after injury, the standard deviations (SD ) of the standard C t values were calculated by SPSS. Results T he expression trends of the seven genes were all found to be related to wound age, but there were lower variation coefficients and greater reliability of sTnI and Cox6c when compared with other genes. Conclusion T he genes encoding struc-tural proteins or proteins that performbasic functions can be suitable for wound age estimation.

Objective T o investigate the relationship betw een the expression of secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFR P5) m RNA and the tim e interval after skeletal m uscle injury in rats by real-tim e PC R . Methods A total of ninety SD rats w ere random ly divided into the contusion groups at different tim es including 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 16 h, 20 h, 24 h, 28 h, 32 h, 36 h, 40 h, 44 h, 48 h after contusion, incision groups at different tim es including 4h and 8h after incision and the control group. T he sam ples w ere taken from the contused zone at different tim e points. T he total RNA w as isolated from the sam ples and re-versely transcribed to analyze the expression levels of SFRP5 m RNA . Results C om pared to the control group, the expression of SFRP5 m RNA in contusion groups w ere dow n-regulated w ithin 48 h after con-tusion and reached the low est level at 20 h, and the expression of SFRP5 m RNA gradually increased from 20 h to 48 h after contusion. T he expression of SFRP5 m RNA in the incised groups w ere signifi-cantly low er than that of the contusion groups at 4 h after injury. A t the tim e of 8 h, the expression levels betw een the contusion and incision groups show ed no statistically significant difference. Conclusion It is suggested that SFRP5 m RNA analysis m ay show regular expression and can be a m arker for estim ation of skeletal m uscle injury age.

AIM:To study the effect and mechanism of extract of ginkgo biloba(EGB) on liver glucocorticoid receptor(GR) expression in type 2 diabetic rats.METHODS:Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into three groups:normal control group(n=10),type 2 diabetic group(n=10) and ginkgo biloba treated group(n=10).After fed with high-fat feeding for 4 weeks,the later two groups were injected with streptozotocin at a dose of 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetic rat model.The EGB treated group was gavaged with EGB at the dose of 50 mg?kg-1?d-1 for 12 weeks.At the end of experiment,the rats were sacrificed,the blood glucose,serum lipid and blood insulin were measured.The morphology of liver tissue was observed under light microscopy with HE staining.GR mRNA expression in liver was measured by RT-PCR.The level of GR protein expression in liver tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:EGB reduced the levels of blood glucose,blood lipids,blood insulin in diabetic rats.EGB also relieved fatty degeneration and necrosis of the hepatic cells,ameliorated infiltration of inflammatory cells in the liver;and decreased GR expression at both mRNA and protein levels in diabetic liver.CONCLUSION:EGB may inhibit GR expression in liver of type 2 diabetic rats,which results in decreasing the level of blood glucose,blood lipid,blood insulin and relieving the liver damage in type diabetic rats.

In order to probe into the patho-physiology semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), we determined the variation of its activity in the days of 3T3-F442A cells' differentiation into adipocytes in vitro. The differentiated 3T3-F442A cells were collected in various days and disrupted by ultrasonication. Then we studied the SSAO activity of the collected cells by oxidase-linked spectrophotometric assay. In the course of 3T3-F442A cells' differentiation, SSAO expression was shown by a curve graph. There was no SSAO detected in 3T3-F442A preadipocyte, and only a little of SSAO was detected in the cells on the 3rd day of differentiation. Since then, SSAO significantly increased and reached to a maximum level six or seven days after the cells' differentiation.
3T3 Cells ; Adipocytes ; cytology ; enzymology ; Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Mice ; Spectrophotometry ; methods

Objective To evaluate the effect of para-esophageal and para-gastric vessels(PEPGV)on endoscopic secondary prophylaxis for varices.Methods The clinical data of patients with cirrhosis-related esophagogastric varices(EGV)who underwent endoscopic variceal ligation and/or obliteration,and had hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)result between January 2020 and December 2020 in Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into a group without PEPGV and a group with PEPGV based on CT imaging of the portal vein.The main outcome was 2-year re-bleeding.Results A total of 69 patients were included,and 27 of them had PEPGV.There was no statistical difference in baseline characteristics,blood indexes(included hemoglobin level,prothrombin time and albumin level),HVPG,and the secondary prophylactic endoscopic treatment ways between the two groups.A total of 25 patients experienced re-bleeding within 2 years after endoscopic treatment,including 15 in the group with PEPGV and 10 in the group without PEPGV.Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the cumulative 2-year re-bleeding rate was significantly higher in the group with PEPGV than in the group without PEPGV(60.07％vs 32.79％,P=0.022).Further multivariate Cox analysis showed that PEPGV was an independent predictor of re-bleeding after endoscopic treatment in EGV patients(HR=2.33,95％CI 1.01-5.39,P=0.047).Conclusions The PEPGV is an independent predictor of re-bleeding after endoscopic treatment in EGV patients.It is suggested that when patients with EGV receive endoscopic treatment to prevent re-bleeding,portal vascular CT is suggested to evaluate PEPGV.For patients with giant extraluminal vascular masses,fully evaluating other treatment options such as transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt,or adjusting endoscopic treatment ways is recommended.

Objective:To explore the biological effects of the targeted nanocomposite on breast cancer 4T1 cells with hepatitis B virus-like particles (HBc-RGD-VLPs) as a carrier for the delivery of anti-cancer drugs, and to provide a new theoretical basis for reducing the toxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) anti-tumor drugs and changing the path of administration.Methods:The hepatitis B pseudoviral particles prepared in the early stage of this laboratory enveloped DOX to form a target nanocomposite HBc-RGD-VLPs/DOX. The homogeneity and morphology of particles were detected by transmission electron microscopy and granular size analyzer, and applied to 4T1 cells for in vitro bioactivity exploration.Results:The structure of the target nanocomposite HBc-RGD-VLPs/DOX was detected by means of a transmission electron microscope, in a homogenous form, and the particle size distribution was 30-35 nm. In vitro cell experiments showed that the safety of target vector HBc-RGD-VLPs was better, the cell survival rate was more than 80%, and the HBc-RGD-VLPs/DOX after encapsulation had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of 4T1 cells, and the effective inhibitory concentration (IC50) for half of 4T1 tumor cells was 1.445 g/ml. Fluorescence microscopy showed that HBc-RGD-VLP/DOX can be specifically targeted to tumor cells relative to the isolated DOX.Conclusions:The safety of target vector HBc-RGD-VLPs is better, HBc-RGD-VLPs/DOX showed good proliferation inhibitory effect and certain tumor-targeting effect on tumor cells.

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors for rod fracture after correction surgery with satellite rod in severe spinal deformity.Methods A retrospective analysis was made including 234 cases who underwent correction surgery using satellite rod technique for severe spinal deformity in our hospital from July 2012 to June 2017.At the last follow-up,a total of 6 patients were found to have rod fracture.All the patients had complete clinical and imaging data at the time of preoperation,postoperation,rod fracture occurring,post-revision and the last follow-up.The Cobb angle,the Global kyphosis (GK),the coronal balance (distance between C7 plumb line and center sacral vertical line,C7PL-CSVL) and the sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were measured respectively in the 6 patients with rod fracture during the follow-up process.The time,incidence and position of the broken rod were recorded,and the reasons of rod fracture were analyzed for each patient.Results The incidence of rod fracture was 2.6％ (6/234) in the current study.The 6 patients included 3 males and 3 females with an average age of 34.5±15.4 years at initial surgery.The mean time of rod fracture was 24.0±17.7 months,of which 3 cases (50％) occurred within 1 years after operation.A total of 7 rods were broken,including 4 (57％) rods located at the single-rod-fixed side with stress concentration and 3 (50％) rods at the adjacent segment of the satellite rod.The average loss of correction was 20.8°±29.4° for Cobb angle and 34.0°±21.4° for GK.The potential reasons for rod fracture were listed as follows:3 cases for residual kyphosis;2 cases for pseudarthrosis;3 cases for long fusion construct crossing lumbosacral junction;1 case for trauma.Of the 6 patients with rod fracture,3 (43％) patients underwent revision surgery by replacing the broken rods,adding satellite rod at the opposite side of pre-existing satellite rod and bone graft at the rod-breakage area.The other 3 patients underwent observation and no deterioration was found during follow-up.Conclusion The incidence of rod fracture after correction for severe spinal deformity with satellite rod is 2.6％.The broken rods are mainly located at the single-rod-fixed side with stress concentration or the adjacent segment of the satellite rod.Residual kyphosis,pseudarthrosis,long fusion construct crossing lumbosacral junction and trauma are the significant risk factors of rod fracture.

Objective: To evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcomes of Scoliosis Research Society(SRS)-Schwab Grade IV osteotomy in type I congenital kyphosis. Methods: All of 28 patients with type I congenital kyphosis who underwent SRS-Schwab Grade 4 osteotomy from June 2015 to June 2017 were retrospectively reviewed,including 21 males and 7 females aged 10 to 28 years old, with an average of 13.6±8.5 years. On standing wholespinal X-rays at pre-operation, post-operation and each follow-up, global kyphosis(GK), thoracic kyphosis(TK), lumbar lordosis(LL) and sagittal vertical axis(SVA) were measured. The intra-operative and post-operative complications were recorded for each patient. The Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaires(SRS-22) and visual analog scale(VAS) for back pain were collected from patients elder than 12 years old at pre-operation and last follow-up. The comparison analysiswasperformed by paired samples t test. Results: At pre-operation, the GK, TK, LL and SVA were 47.0°±4.9°, 16.8°±3.7°, 36.6°±7.7°, (-31.9±13.6) mm, respectively. At 3 months post-operation, the average values improved to 3.7°±2.3°, 36.8°±4.0°, 46.5°±4.4°, 4.0±19.1 mm, respectively. Significant differences were found in all parametersbetween pre- and post-operation. The post-operative follow-up was 12 to 24 months, with an average of 13.2±5.2 months. At the last follow-up, the GK, TK, LL and SVA were 4.0°±2.4°, 38.0°±6.0°, 45.9°±5.4°, 7.6±15.3 mm, and no significant correction loss was found during follow-up. The scores of each domain of SRS-22 questionnaire improved at different level during follow-up, of which the improvement in self-imagewas statistically significant (P<0.001). The scores of VAS for back pain improved significantly after operation (P<0.001). One patient hadabnormal intra-operative monitoringwhile no neurological defectwas detected at post-opera tion. Proximal junctional kyphosis occurred in 2 patients at 3 months follow-up while no patients needed revision surgery. There wereno implant-related complicationsduring follow-up. Conclusion The SRS-Schwab Grade 4 osteotomycould provide satisfying correction with relatively low rates of complications in type I congenital kyphosis. Thus, the SRS-Schwab Grade IV osteotomy is a safe strategy for type I congenital kyphosis.

Objective To study the method of dose reconstruction in human body under the photon external radiation accident condition,and to verify the accuracy of the method for the local dose distribution.Methods Based on the open source Monte Carlo tool kit Geant 4 and using the human voxel phantom recommended by ICRP Publication 103,the dose reconstruction method under the condition of external radiation accident was studied to evaluate the average absorbed dose,organ absorbed dose and local dose distribution.To validate the code,several irradiation experiments were implemented in some standard radiation fields by putting TLDs in the tissue equivalent physical phantom ART.A voxel phantom was used to reconstruct the radiation doses,which was created based on the CT scan image of the ART phantom with resolution of 1.57 mm× 1.57 mm× 10.00 mm.The result of experiment were compared with those of dose reconstruction simulation.Results The relative uncertainty of the measured values was 10.9％.The relative uncertainty of the dose reconstruction simulation values was 7.10％ at the non-tissueinterface area and 16.6％ at the tissue-interface area.For 451 measuring points,the average of the simulated value divided by the measured value was 0.972,with the standard deviation of 0.083 8.In the range of 0.95-1.05,0.90-1.10 and 0.80-1.20,and the proportions were 49.2％,79.4％ and 96.4％,respectively.Conclusions The method of Monte Carlo dose reconstruction based on human voxel phantom meets the accuracy requirement of actual uses both at the whole body or organ level and at the local dose distribution level.It can be used as a powerful tool for dose assessment of the exposed people in an external radiation accidents and provide support for diagnosis and treatment.