Dandy-Walker malformation is a rare malformation associated with hypoplasia of vermis, a pseudocystic fourth ventricle, upward displacement of the tentorium and lateral sinuses, and anterioposterior enlargement of the posterior fossa. It is frequently associated with genetic anomalies, as well as brain and systemic malformations. Care for these patients requires careful management. Hydrocephalus is present in most patients and clinical presentation is most often heralded by symptoms and signs of hydrocephalus with focal neurologic findings. Treatment is still controversial, and major anesthetic concerns are control of intracranial pressure and evaluation of accompanying organ anomalies. The prognosis is unpredictable and varies mainly according to degree of vermis hypoplasia. We report successful anesthetic management in a child with Dandy-Walker malformation for extra-ventricular drainage.
Anesthesia, General ; Brain ; Child ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome ; Displacement (Psychology) ; Drainage ; Fourth Ventricle ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Intracranial Pressure ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Prognosis ; Transverse Sinuses

Atelectasis is a collapse of the lung due to absence of air within the alveoli and is a relatively common complication following surgery under general anesthesia, but severe total or segmental collapses rarely develop during anesthesia and surgery. Total or segmental lung collapses usually result from the compression or obstruction of bronchial pathways by mass lesions, foreign bodies, or secretions such as mucus, blood, or pus. Anesthesiologists must carefully manage patients who develop pulmonary atelectasis because it is sometimes fatal. We experienced iatrogenic pulmonary atelectasis by insertion of a sump drainage tube into the trachea during general anesthesia for laparoscopic splenectomy and diagnosed with fiberoptic bronchoscopy and chest X-ray.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Bronchoscopy ; Drainage ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Lung ; Mucus ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Splenectomy ; Suppuration ; Thorax ; Trachea

The authors regret that one co-author was missing in the article.

The first case of human cryptosporidiosis was reported in Korea in 1995; however, an outbreak of Cryptosporidium has not been reported in Korea until now. This paper describes the first outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in Korea. On May 24, 2012, a local public health center filed a report on 126 residents with gastrointestinal symptoms in an old apartment complex in Seoul. Epidemiological investigations were implemented on 125 of the 126 patients. The patients were reported continuously over a period of 22 days. Diarrhea was the most common clinical symptom, and lasted for 5 days on average. The tap water was the only common exposure of the patients. During the environmental investigation it was discovered that the water and septic tanks were situated closely and that the waste water pipes were corroded where they passed over the water pipes. Cryptosporidium parvum was detected in 3 of the 7 stool specimens by PCR-RFLP. A number of Cryptosporidium oocysts were also detected in the water specimens from the water tank. In conclusion, Cryptosporidium parvum was the key causal pathogen of this outbreak. It is presumed that the tap water was contaminated by a sewage leak from the aged pipelines.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cryptosporidiosis/*epidemiology/parasitology ; Cryptosporidium parvum/*isolation & purification ; Diarrhea/parasitology ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Drinking Water/*parasitology ; Female ; Food Contamination ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Public Health ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Sewage/parasitology ; Young Adult

Background: There is difference in the incidence of multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in patients with different variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, however, little is known about the epidemiology in Asian countries. We investigated and compared the epidemiology of the MIS-C during omicron-dominant period with that of previous periods in South Korea. Methods: We obtained clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data on MIS-C cases from national MIS-C surveillance in South Korea. We defined pre-delta period as January 2020–May 2021; delta period as June 2021–December 2021; and omicron period as January 2022–April 2022. We describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of MIS-C patients by period. Results: A total of 91 cases were assessed to be MIS-C cases. Number of MIS-C cases have increased from six cases during pre-delta period to 66 cases during omicron period, while the incidence rate (the number of MIS-C cases per 100,000 cases of reported coronavirus disease 2019) has decreased from 38.5 cases per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.1–83.9) during pre-delta period to 1.6 cases per 100,000 (95% CI, 1.2–2.0) during omicron periods. During pre-delta period, 66.7% and 100% had hypotension and gastrointestinal involvement, respectively; while during omicron period, 12.1% and 6.1% had such clinical manifestations. Fifty percent of pre-delta MIS-C patients were taken intensive care unit (ICU) cares, while 10.6% of patients during omicron periods were in ICUs. Conclusion Omicron period were associated with less severe clinical manifestation compared to pre-delta and delta periods. Although incidence rate of MIS-C was lower for the omicron period than pre-delta and delta periods, number of patients reported with MIS-C may pose a substantial clinical burden.