Bipolar disorders are a group of mood disorders characterised by relapsing mood episodes throughout the course of illness. Patients with bipolar disorders commonly present with various sleep problems. Patients in a manic episode generally show decreased need of sleep and those in a depressed episode frequently complain about hypersomnia. Current literature even points to evidence that patients with bipolar disorder in euthymic state may still show signs of sleep disturbances when compared to the general population. Clinicians may also note intricate interactions between changes of circadian rhythm and evolution of mood episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. Also, commonly prescribed medications which plays a crucial role in treatment of bipolar disorders including mood stabilisers and antipsychotic medications often cause significant weight gain over time. Being a risk factor of sleep apnoea, weight gain can predispose the patient to develop sleep apnoea. In this narrative review, we summarised current evidence and literature regarding characteristics of circadian rhythm and comorbid sleep apnoea in patients with bipolar disorder. We also present literature regarding implications of circadian disturbance and comorbid sleep apnoea in managing patients with bipolar disorder.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been recognized as an effective treatment for schizophrenia. However, its clinical utilization has been declining due to advancements in antipsychotic medications and the persistent stigma associated with the treatment. Clinical guidelines differ in their recommendations regarding the applications of ECT in schizophrenia treatment. Existing studies demonstrated that ECT is effective for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, clozapine-resistant schizophrenia, acute psychotic exacerbations, and patients at high risk of suicide, with enhanced efficacy when combined with antipsychotic medications. Despite its clinical benefits, concerns regarding cognitive impairment, social stigma, and limited accessibility have led to its underutilization. Addressing these challenges requires expanding educational efforts for clinicians, increasing public awareness, promoting further research into its long-term efficacy and cognitive effects, and implementing policy changes to improve accessibility. This review emphasizes the essential role of ECT in schizophrenia treatment and the need to reintegrate it as a viable and necessary treatment option for suitable patients.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been recognized as an effective treatment for schizophrenia. However, its clinical utilization has been declining due to advancements in antipsychotic medications and the persistent stigma associated with the treatment. Clinical guidelines differ in their recommendations regarding the applications of ECT in schizophrenia treatment. Existing studies demonstrated that ECT is effective for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, clozapine-resistant schizophrenia, acute psychotic exacerbations, and patients at high risk of suicide, with enhanced efficacy when combined with antipsychotic medications. Despite its clinical benefits, concerns regarding cognitive impairment, social stigma, and limited accessibility have led to its underutilization. Addressing these challenges requires expanding educational efforts for clinicians, increasing public awareness, promoting further research into its long-term efficacy and cognitive effects, and implementing policy changes to improve accessibility. This review emphasizes the essential role of ECT in schizophrenia treatment and the need to reintegrate it as a viable and necessary treatment option for suitable patients.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been recognized as an effective treatment for schizophrenia. However, its clinical utilization has been declining due to advancements in antipsychotic medications and the persistent stigma associated with the treatment. Clinical guidelines differ in their recommendations regarding the applications of ECT in schizophrenia treatment. Existing studies demonstrated that ECT is effective for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, clozapine-resistant schizophrenia, acute psychotic exacerbations, and patients at high risk of suicide, with enhanced efficacy when combined with antipsychotic medications. Despite its clinical benefits, concerns regarding cognitive impairment, social stigma, and limited accessibility have led to its underutilization. Addressing these challenges requires expanding educational efforts for clinicians, increasing public awareness, promoting further research into its long-term efficacy and cognitive effects, and implementing policy changes to improve accessibility. This review emphasizes the essential role of ECT in schizophrenia treatment and the need to reintegrate it as a viable and necessary treatment option for suitable patients.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been recognized as an effective treatment for schizophrenia. However, its clinical utilization has been declining due to advancements in antipsychotic medications and the persistent stigma associated with the treatment. Clinical guidelines differ in their recommendations regarding the applications of ECT in schizophrenia treatment. Existing studies demonstrated that ECT is effective for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, clozapine-resistant schizophrenia, acute psychotic exacerbations, and patients at high risk of suicide, with enhanced efficacy when combined with antipsychotic medications. Despite its clinical benefits, concerns regarding cognitive impairment, social stigma, and limited accessibility have led to its underutilization. Addressing these challenges requires expanding educational efforts for clinicians, increasing public awareness, promoting further research into its long-term efficacy and cognitive effects, and implementing policy changes to improve accessibility. This review emphasizes the essential role of ECT in schizophrenia treatment and the need to reintegrate it as a viable and necessary treatment option for suitable patients.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been recognized as an effective treatment for schizophrenia. However, its clinical utilization has been declining due to advancements in antipsychotic medications and the persistent stigma associated with the treatment. Clinical guidelines differ in their recommendations regarding the applications of ECT in schizophrenia treatment. Existing studies demonstrated that ECT is effective for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, clozapine-resistant schizophrenia, acute psychotic exacerbations, and patients at high risk of suicide, with enhanced efficacy when combined with antipsychotic medications. Despite its clinical benefits, concerns regarding cognitive impairment, social stigma, and limited accessibility have led to its underutilization. Addressing these challenges requires expanding educational efforts for clinicians, increasing public awareness, promoting further research into its long-term efficacy and cognitive effects, and implementing policy changes to improve accessibility. This review emphasizes the essential role of ECT in schizophrenia treatment and the need to reintegrate it as a viable and necessary treatment option for suitable patients.

Acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis (AIGA) is a very rare disease, and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. We here report on a 20-year-old man presenting with a history of inability to sweat, small wheals, and occasional heat intolerance since 3 months. On provocation test, there was no sweating over the entire surface of the body, excluding the palms and axillae. His medical history was unremarkable and laboratory examination findings were all normal. There was no familial history suggestive of neuroendocrine disease. Based on these findings, we diagnosed acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis. To our knowledge, this is the first case of AIGA in Korean dermatologic literature. Herein, we report a rare case of AIGA.
Axilla ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hypohidrosis* ; Rare Diseases ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Young Adult

Methods: Three hundred and sixty-nine students in art high school completed a battery of measures, including the Korean version of the KMPAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-Korean version (FMPS-K). The construct validity of the Korean version of KMPAI was examined by performing explorative factor analysis. The reliability was assessed by the internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: Explorative factor analysis for the construct validity showed that the Korean version of KMPAI was composed of seven factors (factor 1: Worry/dread and Negative cognitions; factor 2: Proximal somatic anxiety and Worry about performance; factor 3: Depression/hopelessness; factor 4: Parental empathy–Memory–Controllability; factor 5: Generational transmission of anxiety;factor 6: Trust; factor 7: Rumination), explaining 61% of the total variance. The T Concurrent validity with the other scales (STAI, LASA, CES-D, and FMPS-K) was statistically significant. The Cronbach’s alpha value for the internal consistency of the Korean version of KMPAI was excellent (r=0.961). Conclusion The Korean version of the KMPAI is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring music performance anxiety in Korea.

No abstract available.
Graft vs Host Disease* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells* ; Lung

Platelets are derived from the fragments that are formed from the cytoplasm of bone marrow megakaryocytes-small irregularly shaped anuclear cells. Platelets respond to vascular damage, contracts blood vessels, and attaches to the damaged region, thereby stopping bleeding, together with the action of blood coagulation factors. Platelet activation is known to affect genes associated with vascular risk factors, as well as with arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study with 352,228 single-nucleotide polymorphisms typed in 8,842 subjects of the Korea Association Resource (KARE) project and replicated the results in 7,861 subjects from an independent population. We identified genetic associations between platelet count and common variants nearby chromosome 4p16.1 (p = 1.46 x 10(-10), in the KIAA0232 gene), 6p21 (p = 1.36 x 10(-7), in the BAK1 gene), and 12q24.12 (p = 1.11 x 10(-15), in the SH2B3 gene). Our results illustrate the value of large-scale discovery and a focus for several novel research avenues.
Arteriosclerosis ; Blood Coagulation Factors ; Blood Vessels ; Blood Platelets ; Bone Marrow ; Cytoplasm ; Genome-Wide Association Study* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Korea ; Megakaryocytes ; Myocardial Infarction ; Platelet Activation ; Platelet Count* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors