PURPOSE: This study explores how to design a flipped classroom for a predental science course and evaluate its course through student self-assessment in order to provide practical implications for flipped learning in an undergraduate level. METHODS: Second- and third-year predental students in the Seoul National University School of Dentistry enrolled in Biodiversity and Global Environment, a 15-week, three-credit course based on a flipped learning model. At the end of the course, the students were asked to rate their self-directed learning, attitude toward social media, discussion skills, learning readiness, and class satisfaction. Out of the 82 predental students, 61 (74.3%) answered the survey. Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analyses were employed to examine the relationship between the self-rated measurements and the performance scores. RESULTS: The majority of the students felt somewhat more prepared than the medium level before the class (mean score of 3.17 out of 5.00), whereas they expressed relatively low preference concerning social media use and attitude (mean score of 2.49). Thus, it was found that learning readiness was significantly associated with both discussion skills and class satisfaction. In particular, multivariate regression analysis confirmed that learning readiness had a significant influence on learning outcomes. CONCLUSION: This study offered insights into how to design a flipped learning course in terms of predental students' preference and their learning readiness. Although learning success in a flipped classroom depends on the students' self-perceived level of preparedness, much still remains to be achieved in order to apply social media benefits in a flipped learning context.
Biodiversity ; Dentistry ; Humans ; Learning ; Self-Assessment* ; Seoul ; Social Media

PURPOSE: Despite the reduced incidence and mortality of gastric cancer, this illness still remains the second leading cause of cancer death in Korea. Various adjuvant chemotherapies have been proposed for patients with advanced gastric cancer. Randomized trials comparing chemotherapies with best supportive care have consistently shown that cytotoxic treatment is of some benefit. Nevertheless, there has been no major improvement in the overall prognosis of advanced gastric cancer. METHODS: We have examined the chemotherapy sensitivity of advanced gastric cancer specimens by using an ex vivo ATP based chemosensitivity assay (ATP-TCA). A variety of chemotherapeutic agents were tested. The one hundred and forty specimens we tested were from resection specimens. RESULTS: The histological tumor classification, lymphatic invasion, neural invasion and venous invasion affected the chemosensitivity of some drugs. 5-FU was a more potent drug than cisplatin, doxorubicin, iriontecan and methotrexate. The chemosensitivity of differentiated cancer was different compared to that of undifferentiated cancer. Doxorubicin and iriontecan were more effective in poorly differentiated, signet ring cell and diffuse type cancers. The manner of tumor invasion affected the chemosensitivity to some drugs. CONCLUSISON: Further study is necessary to assess the effectiveness of some chemotherapy drugs on advanced gastric cancer, including their effect on tumor recurrence and patient survival.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Cisplatin ; Doxorubicin ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Methotrexate ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Stomach Neoplasms

STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective study. PURPOSE: To develop a methodological approach for conducting ultrasound-guided lumbar facet nerve block by defining essential ultrasound-guided landmarks in order to assess the feasibility of this method. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: The current role of ultrasound guidance for musculoskeletal intervention treatments has been reported upon in previous literature. METHODS: Ultrasound-guided facet nerve block was done in 95 segments for 50 patients with chronic back pain by facet arthropathy. After the surface landmarks of the spinous process and iliac crest line were confirmed, longitudinal facet views were obtained by a curved array transducer to identify the different spinal segments. The spinous process and facet joint with transverse process were delineated by transverse sonograms at each level and the target point for the block was defined as lying on the upper edge of the transverse process. The needle was inserted toward the target point. After a contrast injection, the placement of the needle and contrast was checked by fluoroscopy. RESULTS: Eighty-seven segments (91.6%) could be guided successfully to the right facet nerve block by using ultrasound. After fluoroscopic control, 8 needles had to be corrected because of problems with other segments (3 cases) and lamina placements (5 cases). For the 42 patients who underwent successful block by ultrasound, however, the mean visual analogue score for back pain was improved from 6.2 +/- 0.9 before the block to 4.0 +/- 1.0 after the block (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided longitudinal facet view and the surface landmarks of the spinous process and iliac crest line seems to be a promising guidance technique for the lumbar facet nerve block technique.
Back Pain ; Deception ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Lumbosacral Region ; Needles ; Nerve Block ; Prospective Studies ; Transducers ; Zygapophyseal Joint

No abstract available.
Serologic Tests* ; Syphilis, Latent*

Characterization of the etiology of severe pneumonia according to demographic and clinical characteristics is essential for proper management and prevention. Adenovirus has been reported as a common cause of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in young, healthy military trainees. With the availability of polymerase chain reaction, respiratory viruses are increasingly recognized as important causes of severe CAP in adults. Further efforts should be given to investigation of the clinical impact of viral pneumonia and the role of antiviral therapy.
Adenoviridae ; Adult ; Humans ; Military Personnel ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Viruses

The purpose of this study was to compare the color of maxillary primary central incisors, lateral incisors, canines with the color of various composite resins using a spectrophotometer VITA Easyshade®V.One researcher measured the color of sound maxillary primary anterior teeth of 100 children aged 1 to 6 and specimens which were made by composite resins with a total of 10 types and 31 shades, and CIE L*, a*, b* values were obtained.There was no clinically recognizable color difference between the maxillary primary central and lateral incisors. However, the maxillary primary canines showed difference in color above the clinical acceptability threshold with the primary central and lateral incisors. These findings showed no significant color differences between men and women, and no significant color changes with age. A1 shade is the most common in all maxillary primary anterior teeth.Composite resins, which are thought to be similar to the color of maxillary primary anterior teeth were selected from 9 types of maxillary primary central incisors, 6 types of primary lateral incisors, 6 types of primary canines.

No abstract available.
Influenza, Human*

Objective: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide and is both unpredictable and inevitable. While uterotonic drugs are routinely recommended, there is ongoing debate on the ideal intervention to control uterine bleeding. This review aims to compare the use of non-pharmacologic treatments with peripartum hysterectomy in cases of life-threatening uncontrolled obstetric hemorrhage. The review’s objective is to use a network meta-analysis to help prevent maternal deaths and rank the treatments according to success rates. Methods: We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Library, from January 2014 until December 2018. A second search was carried out in April 2019 before the final data analysis. Network meta-analysis allows for the calculation of the effect size between treatment groups through indirect treatment comparison. Results: We confirmed that balloon-assisted management is the best intervention for uncontrolled postpartum bleeding with pharmacologic treatment. This is followed by uterine artery embolization and surgical procedures, which can help avoid the need for a hysterectomy. The balloon tamponade demonstrated lower failure rate than the surgical procedure with odds ratio (OR) of 0.44 and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0.50–30.54. Uterine artery embolization had a lower risk for hysterectomy than the surgical procedure group (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.22–2.50). Conclusion For the quick treatment of postpartum bleeding, balloon tamponade is the best method for uncontrolled postpartum bleeding with pharmacologic treatment, followed by uterine artery embolization and surgical procedures.

The objective of this study is to analyze the shear bond strength of orthodontic buttons according to light tip distance and optic fiber diameter when an extended optic fiber was applied to the tip of a curing light unit.
In this study, 315 extracted premolar teeth were divided into 3 groups. Orthodontic buttons were attached using no optic fibers (Group I), 3.0 mm diameter optic fibers (Group II), or 5.0 mm diameter optic fibers (Group III). Each group was divided into subgroups A - C (5.0, 10.0, and 15.0 mm light tip distance), respectively. Shear bond strength was then measured while varying the light tip distance.
In group I, shear bond strength significantly decreased as the light tip distance increased. When the shear bond strength was evaluated according to the optic fiber diameter, no statistical significance was observed in group of 5.0 mm light tip distance. Compared with group IB, group IIIB showed significantly greater shear bond strength. Compared with group IC, all groups using 3.0 or 5.0 mm diameter optic fibers showed significantly greater shear bond strength.
Therefore, when a curing light unit has poor accessibility, optic fibers with a large diameter should be considered.

Objective: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide and is both unpredictable and inevitable. While uterotonic drugs are routinely recommended, there is ongoing debate on the ideal intervention to control uterine bleeding. This review aims to compare the use of non-pharmacologic treatments with peripartum hysterectomy in cases of life-threatening uncontrolled obstetric hemorrhage. The review’s objective is to use a network meta-analysis to help prevent maternal deaths and rank the treatments according to success rates. Methods: We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Library, from January 2014 until December 2018. A second search was carried out in April 2019 before the final data analysis. Network meta-analysis allows for the calculation of the effect size between treatment groups through indirect treatment comparison. Results: We confirmed that balloon-assisted management is the best intervention for uncontrolled postpartum bleeding with pharmacologic treatment. This is followed by uterine artery embolization and surgical procedures, which can help avoid the need for a hysterectomy. The balloon tamponade demonstrated lower failure rate than the surgical procedure with odds ratio (OR) of 0.44 and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0.50–30.54. Uterine artery embolization had a lower risk for hysterectomy than the surgical procedure group (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.22–2.50). Conclusion For the quick treatment of postpartum bleeding, balloon tamponade is the best method for uncontrolled postpartum bleeding with pharmacologic treatment, followed by uterine artery embolization and surgical procedures.