Twenty to twenty-five percent of patients are reported to experience problems with anorectal function after low anterior resection, complaining particularly urgency of defecation and minor fecal leakage, but the mechanisms underlying its cause and the recovery process are not well understood. We designed this study to elucidate the mechanism of anorectal functional problems and its recovery process after low anterior resection for rectal cancer by autonomic nerve preserving procedure. Standardized interviews and anorectal physiologic studies including balloon proctometry and manometry were performed in 32 patients preoperatively, and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after the operation. Postoperatively stool frequency increased, the ability to defer defecation and discriminate stool characters were compromised, and anal incontinence scores increased, which recovered progressively by 6~12 months after the operation. Balloon proctometry showed that threshold volume, urgent volume and maximal tolerable volume decreased remarkably after the operation. The latter two parameters recovered considerably by 1 year after the operation. Rectal compliance also decreased significantly but it showed no evidence of recovery by 1 year after the operation. Anorectal manometry showed that maximum anal resting pressure decreased significantly after the operation which recovered significantly by 1 year after the operation. Maximum anal squeeze pressure showed no significant decrease after the operation. In most patients rectoanal inhibitory reflex was abolished after the operation, which recovered only in some cases by after 1 year. The group of short residual rectum(<4 cm, N=18) showed more impairment in continence and decrease in neorectal capacity and compliance than that of the long residual rectum(> or =4 cm, N=14). These results suggest impairment in fecal continence occurs due to decrease in rectal capacity, compliance, and anal canal pressure, and loss of rectoanal inhibitory reflex. Autonomic nerve preserving procedure could not prevent the decrease in resting anal pressure. Continence recovers clinically with increase in neorectal capacity, compliance and anal canal pressure but not with recovery of rectoanal inhibitory reflex. The length of the residual rectum seems to play an important role in the degree of impairment of continence and good continence can be expected when the residual rectum is more than 4 cm.
Anal Canal ; Autonomic Pathways ; Compliance ; Defecation ; Humans ; Manometry ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Rectum ; Reflex

No Abstract Available.
Anisometropia*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Mucocele*

PURPOSE: When Managing metastatic bladder tumors, to overcome the resistance mechanism of cisplatin is a main problem to be solved. The objective is to confirm the changes of general and ultrastructural morph ology with the induction of cisplatin resistance from the bladder cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The samples of this investigation are 2ng/ml-cisplatin resistant human bladder cell lines T24R2 established by SNUH Urology and the drug resistant bladder cell lines T24 was obtained from ATCC, as a control group. We cultured the resistant cell line on the slide and observed it using light microscopy to see the general morphology. For the ultrastructural morphology, we fixed cultured cells, made an epon block, sliced an ultrathin section and observed it using H-71000 EM. RESULTS: Under light microscopy, the cytoplasm of the resistant cell line shows a plumper pattern than that of the parent cell. Under electronmicroscopy, the chromatin of the resistant cell line has a relatively finely dispersed chromatin pattern when compared to the parent cell line, which shows a coarse and aggregated chromatin pattern. Within the cytoplasm, the mitochondrial volume, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, polyribosomes and ribosomes are moderately increased in the resistant cell line when compared to the parent cell line. In particular, we found a great amount of double membrane vesicle near the cell surface and pinocytic vesicles on the surface, which are seldom observed within the parent cells. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the cisplatin resistant human bladder cell lines (T24R2) underwent a morphological change with the induction of cisplatin resistance, and we hypothesize that the resistant cell's ultrastructure, which shows morphological change, will be involved in the drug resistance mechanism. Regarding this matter, further research will be needed.
Cell Line* ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin ; Cisplatin* ; Cytoplasm ; Drug Resistance ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Humans ; Membranes ; Microscopy ; Mitochondrial Size ; Parents ; Polyribosomes ; Ribosomes ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urology

No abstract available.
Compliance* ; Oxygen* ; Positive-Pressure Respiration* ; Respiratory Insufficiency* ; Ventilation*

No abstract available.
Compliance* ; Oxygen* ; Positive-Pressure Respiration* ; Respiratory Insufficiency* ; Ventilation*

No abstract available.
Arnold-Chiari Malformation* ; Diagnosis* ; Prenatal Diagnosis* ; Ultrasonography*

Diastematomyelia is an uncommon congenital malformation of the vertebral axis characterized by a localized longitudinal separation of the spinal cord with an interposed septum. It may be found in association with congenital scoliosis. The Authors experienced a case of congenital scoliosis with diastematomyelia. Diastematomyelia was surgicallv resected and scoliosis was corrected by Dwyer operation 5 months later. The results of both operations were satisfactory in 10 months follow up.
Follow-Up Studies ; Neural Tube Defects ; Scoliosis ; Spinal Cord

Chylothorax is the most common cause of pleural effusion in the neonatal period and is defined as an effusion of lymph in the pleural cavity. We report a case of chylothorax in a 13-day-old male who was admitted due to respiratory difficulty. Chest AP showed pleural effusion of the left lung and milky yellow fluid was aspirated via thoracentesis upon which laboratory and lipoprotein electrophoresis of pleural fluid revealed findings compatible with that of chylothorax. Due to reaccumulation of chyle after daily thoracentesis, chest tube was inserted at the 4th hospital day, and MCT containing diet was given. He was discharged on the 21st hospital day in good health, and revealed no recurrence for 3 months during outpatient follow up visits.
Chest Tubes ; Chyle ; Chylothorax* ; Diet* ; Electrophoresis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lipoproteins ; Lung ; Male ; Outpatients ; Pleural Cavity ; Pleural Effusion ; Recurrence ; Thoracostomy* ; Thorax ; Triglycerides*

No abstract available.
Candidiasis* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature*