Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) playing an important role in e cell-mediated immune response kill the target cells by the special contact-dependent mechanism. It has been known that CTL and NK cells utilize two different pathways in removing specific target cells: apoptotic cell death and osmotic lysis by the pore forming protein. Interaction of CTL with target cells results in the ligand-induced, receptor-mediated, nonsecretory lytic process and lethal hit is delivered by the transducing molecule, Fas (CD95, APO-1), one of the TNFR/NGFR superfamily. In addition, ligation of TNF receptor and CD40 also induced the apoptosis of B cell and epithelial cells. However, recognition of target cells, the triggering mechanism, cytotoxic mediators, internal metabolic pathway and signal transduction behind apoptosis remain undefined and have been elucidated only in part. ...continue...
Apoptosis* ; Cell Death ; Epithelial Cells ; Genistein ; Ice ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Ligation ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic*

No abstract available.
Empyema*

No abstract available.
Female ; Labor, Induced* ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Accidents, Traffic* ; Aggression*

No abstract available.
Pulmonary Aspergillosis*

No abstract available.
Uterus*

No abstract available.
Mediastinoscopy*

No abstract available.
Leriche Syndrome*

Pulmonary agenesis is a very rare anomaly. It is defined as total absence of the pulmonary parenchyma, vascular structures, and bronchi beyond the carina. We experienced a case of right pulmonary agenesis in association with other congenital defects who died at 1 day of age. The other defects included: esophageal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula, cardiac malformation, anal atresia and a malformed left thumb. The cardiac malformations were a type of Pentalogy of Fallot, composed of right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect, an overiding of aorta, pulmonary atresia, and an atrial septal defect. Hand roentgenograms of the malformed left thumb showed an unarticulated metacarpopharyngeal joint. This unique combination of anomalies is extremely rare.

This study examined the expression of the bcl-2 protein in 59 cases of transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) of the bladder and evaluated the relationship of bcl-2 and p53 with apoptosis. The cases were divided into 41 low-grade TCCs, 18 high-grade TCCs, 32 superficial TCCs, and 27 invasive TCCs. p53 and bcl-2 protein were detected by the immunohistochemical method and apoptosis was analysed by using hematoxylin-eosin stained slide. The results were as follows: bcl-2 protein was detected in 8 (14%) TCCs and all of these cases were low grade TCCs. Expression of bcl-2 protein was not correlated with clinical stage. There was no correlation between bcl-2 and p53 protein. According to the immunohistochemical results of bcl-2 and p53 protein, the cases were divided 4 groups. Apoptotic index (AI) was higher in p53 positive/ bcl-2 negative group than other groups but the significance was recognized only between p53 positive/bcl-2 negative group and p53 negative/bcl-2 negative group (p<0.05). p53 protein was detected in 20 (36%) TCCs and its expression was correlated positively with histologic grade and clinical stage (p<0.05). AI correlated positively with histologic grade and clinical stage (p<0.01). These data indicate that overexpression of bcl-2 protein is rare in TCC of the bladder and associated with low grade TCCs. Overexpression of p53 is associated with the tumor progression in the TCCs. AI correlates with p53 positivity but does not correlate with bcl-2 positivity.
Apoptosis* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Urinary Bladder*