No abstract available.
Esophageal Perforation* ; Intubation, Intratracheal*

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of ondansetron and granisetron on the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in gynecologic patients. METHODS: In a randomized placebo-controlled study, 200 gynecologic patients were divided into 5 groups. Each patient received one of 5 medications: placebo (saline 3 ml), ondansetron 4 mg (O4), ondansetron 8 mg (O8), granisetron 1.5 mg (G1.5) and granisetron 3 mg (G3). They were administered intravenously immediately before the induction of anesthesia. A standardized inhalation anesthesia and a postoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia were applied. Twenty four hours after anesthesia, the incidence and severity of PONV and other adverse effects were assessed. RESULTS: The incidence of PONV was 88%, 83%, 75%, 70% and 60% in the placebo, O4, O8, G1.5 and G3 groups, respectively, which showed significantly lower value in the G3 group than in the placebo and O4 groups (P< 0.05). The severity of PONV was also significantly lower in the G3 group than in the placebo group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, granisetron 3 mg showed a better prophylactic effect in the mitigation of PONV in gynecologic patients then a placebo or ondansetron 4 mg.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Female ; Granisetron* ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ondansetron* ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting*

BACKGROUND: During general anesthesia the adult patient's tidal volume is determined by patient's weight. Therefore patients with severe ascites, huge abdominal mass or pregnancy have considerable ventilatory change during the operation because the great change in their body weight, that might cause unwanted respiratory alkalosis or acidosis. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of such changes in ventilation between pre-delivery and post-delivery periods during the cesarean section. METHODS: Eighteen 36weeks or older pregnant patients (ASA 1), scheduled for elective cesarean section under general anesthesia, are selected for the study. PhysioFlex was used for ventilation. Pre-induction maternal gas analysis were performed in all cases. They were randomly divided into two groups according to the ventilator setting for minute ventilation, one set by pre-pregnant weight (Group 1) and the other by pregnant (term) weight (Group 2). Blood gas analysis were performed 5 minutes after induction and 20 minutes after delivery. End-tidal CO2 and inspiratory airway pressure were also measured. RESULTS: All patients show mild hyperventilation with normal acid-base status at pre-induction period. There were no significant differences in arterial PCO2 value between two groups. Group 1 shows mild metabolic acidosis compared with group 2 (by pH at 20 minutes after delivery). CONCLUSION: Term(just prior to operation) body weight rather than pre-pregnant weight is preferable for ventilator setting in the case of cesarean section under general anesthesia.
Acidosis ; Adult ; Alkalosis, Respiratory ; Anesthesia, General* ; Ascites ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Body Weight ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hyperventilation ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy* ; Respiration, Artificial* ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilation ; Ventilators, Mechanical

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although pain resulting from thalamic stroke was described by D jerine & Roussy in 1906, its pathomechanism & anatomical substrate have not been defined yet. Several clinical & experimental studies suggest that laterality of lesion for generation of central pain is as important as location of lesion. We performed this study to evaluate clinical features of thalamic pain syndrome, including incidence, onset interval from stroke, nature, distribution, accompaniments, and to assess the relationships between laterality & location of lesion and occurrence of pain. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records and brain imaging of all patients with thalamic stroke from 1990 to 1997. Patients with thalamic pain syndrome due to a single well-demarcated thalamic stroke were included, and excluded tumoral, non-vascular etilogy, and patients with sensory deficit without pain and excluded patients who had multiple cerebral lesions even they have thalamic pain syndrome. RESULTS: One-hundred one cases were selected under the inclusion criteria, and twenty-four patients(24%) with thalamic pain syndrome were identified from 101 thalamic stroke. Pain onset within the first week poststroke was 17(71%). The patients with allodynia were 8(33%), increased by movement, stress, and thermal contact. The painful area distributed mainly limbs(50%), especially arm(35%), face plus hemibody(34%), and hemibody below face(8%). Thalamic pain syndrome accompanied with the pain and temperature loss was 17(71%). Thirteen patients had a right-sided lesion, 11 left-sided lesion. The lesion causing thalamic pain syndrome mainly located in the posterolateral areas(75%). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the thalamic pain syndrome resulting from mainly posterolateral thalamic lesion cause the spontaneous pain on the contralateral body, especially upper extrimity, and accompanied with pain & tempterature loss. The laterality of lesion is not represent for generation of thalamic pain syndrome. Key word : thalamic stroke, central pain.
Humans ; Hyperalgesia ; Incidence ; Medical Records ; Neuroimaging ; Stroke*

It has been reported that beta-HCG is produced in the transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and measuring of its level can be used as a tumor marker. We measured the serum and urinary levels of beta-HCG in the patients with the transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and analysed the relationship to the clinical stage and histological grade and its significance as a tumor marker. The levels of the beta-HCG in the serum and early morning urine were measured in 40 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and 37 cases of control group. Double-antibody immunometric assay (Coat-A-Count HCG IRMA) using I-labeled anti HCG antibody and monoclonal anti HCG antibody were used. The mean levels of the serum and urinary f-HCG in control group were 1.2mIU/ml, 1.4mIU/ ml and 3.6mIU/ml, 6.0mIU/ml in patient group, which showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups(p<0.05). In patient group, the levels of the serum and urinary beta- HCG were 2.9mIU/ml and 3.5mIU/ml in the superficial tumor, 2.6mIU/ml and 7.0mIU/ml in the invasive tumor and 7.5mIU/ml and 9.9mIU/ml in the metastatic tumor, showing a statistically significant increase as the clinical stage was advanced(p <0.05). The levels of the serum and urinary beta-HCG were 3.3mIU/ml and 1.3mIU/ml in grade I, 2.9mIU/ml and 5.9mIU/ml in grade II and 4.7mIU/ml and 7.6mIU/ml in grade III, which did not demonstrate a significant relationship to the histological grade(p>0.05). We think that the serum and urinary levels of beta-HCG in the transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder are related to the tumor stage but not to the histological grade and in the metastatic tumor urinary beta-HCG level can be used as a reliable tumor marker.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Humans ; Urinary Bladder*

62 cases of the fracture of the pelvis admitted to the orthpedic department of Wonju Christian Hospital during past 5 years from 1975 to 1979 were reviewed and clinical results were obtained as follows: 1. Males were frequent than females and almost 3rd to 4th decades of life. 2. The causes of injury were traffic accident, coal minor accident, and falling. 3. Stable type is the most common in this series and among the unstable types, lateral compression type is the most common and then straddle type and vertical shear type. 4. The most common complication is uro-genital injury. 5. The residual complications at the end of treatment remained in some cases, Arthritis of sacroiliac joint, Impotence, Urethral stricture, Low back pain, etc. 6. All of the cases were treated conservatively and their results were somewhat good except 4 cases. 7. Surgical treatment would be considered, if necessory, to decrease the complications and reduce hospital days.
Accidental Falls ; Accidents, Traffic ; Arthritis ; Coal ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Male ; Pelvic Bones ; Pelvis ; Sacroiliac Joint ; Urethral Stricture

No abstract available in English.
Dislocations ; Knee Joint ; Knee

No abstract available.
Angioplasty*

No abstract available.
Heart Atria*