No abstract available.
Cataract*

Mammography is the primary imaging modality for breast cancer detection; however, a high level of expertise is needed for its interpretation. To overcome this difficulty, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for breast cancer detection have recently been investigated. In this review, we describe the characteristics of AI algorithms compared to conventional computer-aided diagnosis software and share our thoughts on the best methods to develop and validate the algorithms. Additionally, several AI algorithms have introduced for triaging screening mammograms, breast density assessment, and prediction of breast cancer risk have been introduced.Finally, we emphasize the need for interest and guidance from radiologists regarding AI research in mammography, considering the possibility that AI will be introduced shortly into clinical practice.

We compared the full threshold method, central 30-2 Humphrey perimetry with a newer strategy of SITA-standard.To valuate the clinical usefulness, 30 glaucoma patients and 20 normal persons underwent both tests. MD, PSD and test time were comparatively analyzed.In glaucoma patients, the mean test time was 7 min 37 sec[+/-1 min 54sec]for the SITA-standard, while it was 14 min 55 sec[+/-1 min 58 sec]for the full threshold method.The mean value of MD were -7.62 +/-7.93 and 8.85 +/-8.19, while PSD were 5.89 +/-4.24 and 6.50 +/-4.07, repectively. In normal persons group, the mean test time was 6 min 56 sec[+/-1 min 3sec]for the SITA-standard, while it was 14 min 1 sec[+/-1 min 24 sec]for full threshold method.The mean values of the MD were -2.41 +/-0.87 and 3.00 +/-1.31, while the mean values of the PSD were 2.04 +/-0.47, 2.12 +/-0.50, respectively. In conclusion, the SITA-standard did not show any significant differences in both MD and PSD.However, the test time was reduced 49%in glaucoma patients and 53%in normal persons.Therefore, the SITA-standard exhibited similar clinical significance on both glaucoma patient and glaucoma suspect.So it was an useful and effective test to reduce test time.
Glaucoma ; Humans ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields*

The clinical results in 102 eyes of 97 patients with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion(BRVO) were evaluated in aspect of distribution, associated findings, sequelae, early and final visual acuities, and the effect of argon laser photocoagulation. There were no significant differences in morbidity rate between male and female or between right and left eye. 68.6% of all BRVO were affected in superotemporal branch veins. As sequelae, cystoid macular edema in 58 cases, retinal neovascularization in 22 cases, vitreous hemorrhages in 14 cases, vitreous tractional band in 2 cases, and non-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 2 cases were found. Photocoagulation was performed with an argon laser at retinal neovascularization in 20 eyes, capillary non-perfusion and cystoid macular edema in 5 eyes, and retinal detachment in 2 eyes. Photocoagulation was an affective means of reducing macular edema and decreased the risk of neovascularization and vitreous hemorrhages from sites of large capillary non-perfusion and retinal neovascularization.
Argon ; Capillaries ; Female ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Macular Edema ; Male ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Neovascularization ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Traction ; Veins ; Visual Acuity ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

We report Descemet's membrane detachment during 360 degrees trabeculotomy using 6-0 polypropylene suture fragment. Using 6-0 polypropylene suture fragment 360 degrees trabeculotomy was performed on a 24-year-old male patient with juvenile glaucoma showing iris inserting anteriorly. Soon after pulling the suture fragment, anterior chamber became shallow abruptly and massive bleeding developed into anterior chamber. Corneal edema and large blood clot in anterior chamber were noted postoperatively.Rolled Descemet's membrane was attached to superior cornea.Seven and 14 days after trabeculotomy, viscoelastic was injected into anterior chamber and flattened the rolled Descemet's membrane.At 25 days after trabeculotomy, Descemet's membrane was reattached to central cornea, which became clear. Extensive Descemet's membrane detachment during 360 degrees trabeculotomy can be prevented by cautious pulling of suture fragments and injection of viscoelastic into anterior chamber just before pulling.When detached Descemet's membrane was rolled too tightly to be reattached by conventional procedure such as mattress suture or gas injection, the reattachment of the Descemet's membrane can be achieved by unrolling the membrane using viscoelastic
Anterior Chamber ; Cornea ; Corneal Edema ; Descemet Membrane* ; Glaucoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Iris ; Male ; Membranes ; Polypropylenes ; Sutures ; Trabeculectomy ; Young Adult

True exfoliation of the lens capsule is a rare disorder, in which anterior layer of the lens capsule delaminates and appears as a thin fluttering membrane in the anterior chamber. It was described by Elschnig in 1922 in glassblowers who were exposed to severe hot, open fire. It has been considered that it is caused by severe fire, intraocular inflammation, ocular trauma, aging, and infrared radiation. The authors report a case of true exfoliation which occurred in 64 year old female patient without any causative factor and found to have delaminated anterior lens capsule by histopathologic study.
Aging ; Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Female ; Fires ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Membranes ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUND: There are two kinds of mechanism for laser therapy according to selectie photothermolysis. Selective photothermolysis means that a chromophore can be selectively dei, stroyed with a laser of n appropriate wavelength and of a short pulse duration that is shortor than the thermal relaxation time of the chromophore. It is supposed that the side effects of the continuous wave laser, in which selective photothermolysis does not exist occur more often than when a pulsed wave laser is used. OBJECTIVE: We compar.d the side effects of flashlamp-pumped pulsed tunable dye laser(SPTL), whose treatment is baseal on selective photothermolysis, with those of copper vapor laser(CVL , which is a quasi-continuous thermal laser. METHODS: The laser cl arts of 498 patients with SPTL treatment and 485 patients with CVL, treatment in Asan Medical Center from 1989 to 1994 were examined, retrospectively. RESULTS: 1) Among 498 patients, with SPTL treatment, we observed various side effects in 47(9.4%). The incidences of individial side effects are as follows, hyperpigmentation in 6.2%(31), vesicl formation in 1.6% (8), surface texture change in 0.8% (4), Hypopigmentation in 0.6% (3), scar format,ion in 0.2% (1). 2) After CVL treatment, side effects occurred in 30(6.2%) among 485 patient.. Hyperpigmentation in 3.1%(15), vesicle formation in 2.5%(12), surface texture change in 0.2%(1), hypopigmentation in 0.2%(1), and scar formation in 0.1%(1) were observed. CONCLUSION: The total incidence of side effect.s after CVL treatment is not statistically different, from that after SPTL treatment, which contradicts the previous theory.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Cicatrix ; Copper* ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Hypopigmentation ; Incidence ; Laser Therapy ; Lasers, Dye* ; Lasers, Gas* ; Relaxation ; Retrospective Studies

A single intraoperative application of mitomycin C(MMC) has been used to improve the surgical outcome of glaucomatous eyes. But this soaking method has a few disadvantages, including difficulty in controlling amount. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of intraoperative subconjunctival injection of MMC to overcome this problem. In a retrospective analysis, 29 eyes of 24 consecutive patients, who were phakic primary glaucoma, who underwent primary trabeculectomy with subconjunctival injection of MMC (0.04 mg/ml, 0.05ml) were reviewed. All patients were followed for a periods of 3 months to 1 year. Preoperative mean intraocular pressure(IOP) was 33.9 +/- 9.3mmHg. The mean IOPs after 1, 3, and 6 months were 16.4 +/- 7.0, 16.1 +/- 7.5 and 16.9 +/- 5.8 mmHg, respectively. Twenty two eyes(76%) achieved an IOP of less than 21mmHg without antiglaucoma medication. Postoperative complications were transient hyphema in 3 eyes(20%), shallow anterior chamber in 2 eyes(7%), conjunctival wound leakage in 1 eye(3%), and hypotony maculopathy in 1 eye(3%). There were 4 cases (14%) of avascular cystic bleb and 8 cases (28%) of nonfunctional fibrotic bleb. We suggested that intraoperative subconjunctival injection of MMC could control concentration and amount of MMC.
Anterior Chamber ; Blister ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Mitomycin* ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Trabeculectomy* ; Wounds and Injuries

Optic disc can be analyzed with computerized optic nerve head analyzer or confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope because optic disc has 3-dimensional structure. But the great cost of these instruments makes their utility for the average ophthalmologist unlikely. We measured optic discs with personal computer and stereophotograph and report as follows. Seventy-six optic discs of 76 normal subjects[61 men, 15 women; mean age: 25.5 years] were evaluated by stereoscopic optic disc photography. The area and length were measured by a computer graphic program and converted to absolute unit with Littmann's formula. The mean vertical disc diameter[1.94+/-0.24 mm], the mean horizontal disc diameter[1.67+/-0.23 mm], the mean vertical cup diameter[1.03+/-0.20 mm], the mean horizontal cup diameter[0.96+/-0.19 mm], the mean disc area[2.64+/-0.62 mm2], the mean disc circumference length[5.84+/-0.67 mm], the mean cup area[0.82+/-0.30 mm2], the mean cup base area[0.22+/-0.17 mm2], the mean cup slope area[0.60+/-0.21 mm2] and the mean rim area[1.82+/-0.41 mm2] were evaluated. The new technique to measure optic disc with stereophotograph and personal computer is thought to be a useful method to understand threedimensional structure of optic disc with relatively simple instruments.
Computer Graphics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microcomputers ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Optic Disk ; Photography

We conducted a prospective study to compare MMC subconjunctival injection with MMC soaking for surgical outcome and postoperative complications as an adjunct to trabeculectomy in eyes with glaucoma. Eleven patients with bilateral glaucoma had undergone primary trabeculectomy with adjunctive subconjunctival mitomycin-C injection in one eye[Group I] and primary trabeculectomy with subconjunctival mitomycin-C soaking in the other eye[Group II]. Minimal follow-up period was 6 months and mean follow-up period was 12.8 months. Preoperative mean IOP was 35+/-10.9 mmHg in the group Iand 33+/-14.4 mmHg in the group II, and there was no statistical significance. Postoperative mean IOP at 1, 3, 6 months were 13+/-2.3, 13+/-3.1, 13.6+/-2.9 mmHg in the group I, and 11.3+/-3.3, 12.2+/-3.4, 12.9+/-2.7 mmHg in the group IIand no statistical significance. Each of ten eyes[91%] in both groups achieved intraocular pressure of less than 21 mmHg and good bleb formation without any medication. Postoperative complications were transient hyphema[18% in the group I, 9% in the group II], cystic bleb[9% in the group I, 27% in the group II] and shallow anterior chamber[9% in the group II]. Postoperative corneal endothelial cell density per square millimeter averaged 2, 221+/-306/mm2[mean+/-standard deviation] in the group I and 2, 195+/-272/mm2in the group II and there was no statistical significance. The rates of surgical success and postoperative complications were similiar in the two groups. Subconjunctival injection has similar effect to soaking method. This method enables us to have accurate control of concentration and amount of MMC, and thereby reduces complications and improves surgical outcomes in trabeculectomy.
Blister ; Endothelial Cells ; Filtering Surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Mitomycin* ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Trabeculectomy*