The authors have used a B-mode real-time sector scanner and a 10-MHz probe for measurement of the skin thickness at 21 different sites in healthy Koreans. Subjects consisted of 35 adults(17 males, 18 females) who were divided into three age groups .' young(20 39 years, 12 subjects), middle-aged(40 59 years, 13 subjects), and old(over 60 years, 10 subjects). The results were as follows. 1, The measurements of the skin thickness in examined sites varied from 1.99 to 4.59 milimeters . flexor aspect of the upper arm, dorsum of the hand, extensor aspect of the forearm and flexor aspect of the forearm were thinner, and heel, upper back, metatarsus were thicker than other sites. 2, The skin thickness in males was generally thicker than that in females '. cheek, extensor aspect of the thigh were highly significantly thicker (p<0.01), and chest, upper back, lower back, flexor aspect of the upper arm and extensor aspect of the lower leg were significantly thicker(p< 0.05) in males than in females, 3. The skin was thickest in the old age groups.
Arm ; Cheek ; Female ; Forearm ; Hand ; Heel ; Humans ; Leg ; Male ; Metatarsus ; Skin* ; Thigh ; Thorax ; Ultrasonography*

BACKGROUND: Seborrheic dermatitis is a very common chronic inflammatory disease. Previous studies suggested that, Pityrosporum, lipophilic fungi, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the disease clinically and mycologically for better understanding of the pathogenesis. METHODS: Two hundred and one new patient.s with seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp and 67 norrnal subjects were obs!,rved clinically by the dermatologist and studied stat,istically by questionnaires. A mycologic study of Pityrosporum was also performed by direct smear. RESULTS: Among a total of 201 patients wit,h seborrheic dermatitis, 72.6% had pityriasis sicca, 10.5% had pityr iasis steartoides and 16.9% had inflammatory seborrheic dermatitis. On clinical grading by the Kligman.. scale, grade III(slightly scaling) was the most common in the patients and 52.6% of the norma. subjects were below grade II (no scaling). Spores of Pityrosporum were observed in 76.7% of the patients and 91.5% of the normal subjects. The incidence of Pityrosporum was lower particularly in t,he patients with inflammatory seborrheic dermatitis t,han in other pa~tients groups. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study, it, is difficult to conclude that Pityrosporum is a main causative ager t of seborrheic dermatitis. In addition, it is thought t.hat further studies of the role of Pityrosporum in seborrheic dermatitis are needed.
Dermatitis, Seborrheic* ; Fungi ; Humans ; Incidence ; Malassezia* ; Pityriasis ; Scalp* ; Spores ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Seborrheic dermatitis is a very common chronic inflammatory disease. Previous studies suggested that, Pityrosporum, lipophilic fungi, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the disease clinically and mycologically for better understanding of the pathogenesis. METHODS: Two hundred and one new patient.s with seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp and 67 norrnal subjects were obs!,rved clinically by the dermatologist and studied stat,istically by questionnaires. A mycologic study of Pityrosporum was also performed by direct smear. RESULTS: Among a total of 201 patients wit,h seborrheic dermatitis, 72.6% had pityriasis sicca, 10.5% had pityr iasis steartoides and 16.9% had inflammatory seborrheic dermatitis. On clinical grading by the Kligman.. scale, grade III(slightly scaling) was the most common in the patients and 52.6% of the norma. subjects were below grade II (no scaling). Spores of Pityrosporum were observed in 76.7% of the patients and 91.5% of the normal subjects. The incidence of Pityrosporum was lower particularly in t,he patients with inflammatory seborrheic dermatitis t,han in other pa~tients groups. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study, it, is difficult to conclude that Pityrosporum is a main causative ager t of seborrheic dermatitis. In addition, it is thought t.hat further studies of the role of Pityrosporum in seborrheic dermatitis are needed.
Dermatitis, Seborrheic* ; Fungi ; Humans ; Incidence ; Malassezia* ; Pityriasis ; Scalp* ; Spores ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Folliculitis*

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggested that Pityrosporum may play an important role in the pathogenesis of dandruff. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study the statistical and mycobgic findings of dandruff in normal subjects for better understanding of this condition. MEHTODS: Scales frorn the scalp of 384 students were studied stastistically by answer sheets and clinically by a dermatologist. Mycologic studies of Pityrosporum were also performed by direct smear, culture and inoculation to guinea pigs. RESULTS: There were 76.0% subjects with dandruff. Clinically grading the subjects by Kligrnan's scale, grade III and IV(mild caling) were the most. Dandruff developed commonly at the age of 14 to 16, and no seasonal change was observed. Spores of Pityrosporum were observed in all subjects by KOH microscopic examination with Cohens method, and the grading of the dandruff was not related with the number of the spores. In most subjects, P. orbiculare and P. ovae were found together. Positive culture colonies were observed in 93.7%. Inoculation of the cultured colonies to guinea pigs resulted in an experimental dermatitis. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that Pityrosporum may involve in the pathogenesis of dandruff; however, it is still unclear whether Pityrosporum is a main causative agent of dandruff.
Animals ; Dandruff* ; Dermatitis ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Malassezia ; Ovum ; Scalp ; Seasons ; Spores ; Weights and Measures

The steady increase in imaging studies has led to the incidental discovery of many renal masses. Although most incidental solid renal masses are asymptomatic and small in size, they are mostly malignant renal cancers necessitating accurate diagnosis. Small-sized masses are more likely to be benign tumors; therefore, access is needed according to size. Because most malignant tumors are renal cell carcinoma, and most benign tumors are angiomyolipoma and oncocytoma. Knowledge of common imaging findings of these tumors is helpful for diagnosis and management. However, imaging techniques are often insufficient to characterize solid renal masses which are discovered incidentally in radiological examinations, especially small-sized masses. Herein, we describe the imaging features characteristic of incidental solid renal masses and discuss their management in cases when an accurate diagnosis could or could not be made.

PURPOSE: Increasing clinical importance is being placed on the role of differential renal function (DRF) for the management of congenital ureteropelvic junction obstructions. Supranormal DRF of a hydronephrotic kidney, on a renal scan, is hypothesized to be due to an increase in single nephron filtration or nephron volume. However, the etiology of this paradoxical phenomenon still remains to be elucidated. We studied the histopathological changes of hydronephrotic kidneys with a supranormal DRF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 35 children with unilateral congenital hydronephrosis and supranormal DRF (>55%), on preoperative renal scans, who had undergone pyeloplasty, were retrospectively evaluated. There were 3 female and 32 male patients. The mean age at the time of the operation was 12.6 months, ranging from 0.1 to 144 months. Needle biopsies, from 3 different sites at the lower pole of the kidney, were performed during surgery. To evaluate the presence of glomerular hypertrophy, the maximal planar area of the glomeruli was measured under light microscopy. Tissue samples were obtained in same manner from kidneys with no history of urinary tract disease on autopsy, and used as controls. The mean glomerular areas of the patient and control groups were plotted according to the patient's age. RESULTS: The mean glomerular area in the patient group was smaller than in the control group, with the exception of 4 patients. According to the logistical regression, the probability of larger renal glomeruli increased with decreasing DRF (p=0.1155). CONCLUSIONS: The glomerular area of a hydronephrotic kidney, with a supranormal renal function on a renal scan, was not significantly larger than the normal controls. Therefore, we believe that the theory of increased nephron volume as a cause of a supranormal DRF can be excluded.
Autopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Child ; Female ; Filtration ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Hypertrophy* ; Kidney ; Male ; Microscopy ; Nephrons ; Retrospective Studies ; Urologic Diseases

PURPOSE: Increasing clinical importance is being placed on the role of differential renal function (DRF) for the management of congenital ureteropelvic junction obstructions. Supranormal DRF of a hydronephrotic kidney, on a renal scan, is hypothesized to be due to an increase in single nephron filtration or nephron volume. However, the etiology of this paradoxical phenomenon still remains to be elucidated. We studied the histopathological changes of hydronephrotic kidneys with a supranormal DRF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 35 children with unilateral congenital hydronephrosis and supranormal DRF (>55%), on preoperative renal scans, who had undergone pyeloplasty, were retrospectively evaluated. There were 3 female and 32 male patients. The mean age at the time of the operation was 12.6 months, ranging from 0.1 to 144 months. Needle biopsies, from 3 different sites at the lower pole of the kidney, were performed during surgery. To evaluate the presence of glomerular hypertrophy, the maximal planar area of the glomeruli was measured under light microscopy. Tissue samples were obtained in same manner from kidneys with no history of urinary tract disease on autopsy, and used as controls. The mean glomerular areas of the patient and control groups were plotted according to the patient's age. RESULTS: The mean glomerular area in the patient group was smaller than in the control group, with the exception of 4 patients. According to the logistical regression, the probability of larger renal glomeruli increased with decreasing DRF (p=0.1155). CONCLUSIONS: The glomerular area of a hydronephrotic kidney, with a supranormal renal function on a renal scan, was not significantly larger than the normal controls. Therefore, we believe that the theory of increased nephron volume as a cause of a supranormal DRF can be excluded.
Autopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Child ; Female ; Filtration ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Hypertrophy* ; Kidney ; Male ; Microscopy ; Nephrons ; Retrospective Studies ; Urologic Diseases

Malignancy may cause variable musculoskeletal symptoms which resemble connective tissue disorder. This symptoms as a fine sign of hidden neoplasm can precede the diagnosis of underlying malignancy. But only one case of stomach cancer associated with cancer arthritis was reported in the world. This fact is very interesting in Asia which has high prevalence of stomach cancer. We experienced one case of gastric adenocarcinoma with oligoarthritis involving both knee and right elbow. A 48-year-old man was diagnosed stomach cancer by gastric endoscope and biopsy. After then, he complained pain, tenderness, heating sensation, swelling of both knee and right elbow with high fever. Both knee MRI showed abundant synovial effusion and soft tissue edema. Full dose of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug was not effective to control fever and arthritis. But fever and arthritis were gone after resection of tumor.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Arthritis ; Asia ; Biopsy ; Connective Tissue ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Elbow ; Endoscopes ; Fever ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Knee ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Sensation ; Stomach Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to explore the factors related to internet addiction in college students in Korea. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional survey of college students in Seoul, and data was collected through self-report questionnaires. Data was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis rank test, and ordinary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: In the ordinary logistic regression analysis, the factors related to a higher risk of internet addiction were lower frequency of exercise (P=0.017), lower level of self-control (P<0.001), higher level of stress (P<0.001), living with parents (P=0.011), using the internet for extended periods of time (P<0.001), and using the internet in their own rooms (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that exercise, self-control, stress, living with parents, and duration and place of internet use are associated with internet addiction in college students. This information can be used to design methods for preventing internet addiction. More specific studies on internet addiction in college students are needed.
Behavior, Addictive ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Internet ; Logistic Models ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires