No abstract available.
Contraceptives, Oral* ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Gonadotropins*

No abstract available.
Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Female ; Methotrexate* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal*

No abstract available.
Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone* ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins* ; Humans ; Ovarian Diseases*

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVE: Recently, we have demonstrated that embryonic ventral spinal cord motor neurons(ESMNs), transplanted into the distal stump of the axotomized tibial nerve, can grow into the denervated gastrocnemius muscle and form neuromuscular junctions. Our interest in study was to see whether these newly formed neuronal connections are physiologically active, and to electrophysiologically characterize the reinnervated motor units. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three to eight weeks after transplantation rats were prepared for electrophysiological recording. Motor unit (MU) action potential and gross EMG were monitored. In eleven out of sixteen transplanted animals single unit and gross EMG were recorded after electrical stimulation of the transplant site. Total of 63 motor units were analyzed for their stimulus threshold (ST), latency and stimulus intensity, which is required to produce maximum firing. RESULTS: ST intensities activating MUs were significantly higher in transplanted animals than in controls. Maximum firing of MUs occurred at less than 1.2×T in the control but greater variation was observed in the transplanted animals ranging from 1.1×T to 1.6×T. No significant differences were found in the latencies of MU's firing following stimulation. MU firing was reversibly blocked by infusion of succinylcholine. CONCLUSION: we characterized the temporal, morphological and electrophysiological parameters of denervated skeletal muscle reinnervated by dissociated grafts of embryonic ventral spinal cord cells. MUs reinnervated by the embryonic motoneuronal transplant were physiologically active, with some properties similar to the MUs of the normal.
Action Potentials ; Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Fires ; Mice ; Motor Neurons ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Neuromuscular Junction ; Neurons ; Rats ; Spinal Cord ; Succinylcholine ; Tibial Nerve ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Fertilization in Vitro* ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone*

No abstract available.
Electroconvulsive Therapy ; Lacerations ; Tongue

Perioperative hypomagnesemia is common in major surgical patients. MgSO4 infusion may be useful in the treatment of arrhythmia, asthma and postoperative shivering and in the prevention of hemodynamic stimulation associated with endotracheal intubation and surgery of pheochromocytoma. It may also enhance muscular relaxation and improve postoperative analgesia. It can be an ideal adjunct to propofol-remifentanil-based total intravenous anesthesia.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Asthma ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Magnesium ; Pheochromocytoma ; Relaxation ; Shivering

BACKGROUND: Muscarinic receptors are distributed abundantly in the central nervous system and peripheral visceral organs, and have a close relationship with anesthesia. We investigated the effects of halothane, enflurane or isoflurane on m1 or m3 muscarinic signaling. METHODS: Using two electrode voltage clamps, Ca2+ -activated Cl- currents (ICl(Ca)) were measured in Xenopus oocytes injected with an m1 or m3 receptor mRNA. ICl(Ca) was induced with the application of acetyl beta-methylcholine with or without exposure to volatile anesthetics. RESULTS: Halothane depressed the m1 and m3 receptor function significantly (m1; 0.49 +/- 0.17 microampere -> 0.1 +/- 0.05 microampere, m3; 0.74 +/- 0.2 -> 0.23 +/- 0.06 microampere, P < 0.05). Enflurane also decreased signaling through both receptors significantly (m1; 0.49 +/- 0.1 -> 0.15 +/- 0.04 microampere, m3; 0.95 +/- 0.34 -> 0.19 +/- 0.05 microampere, P < 0.05). However, while isoflurane depressed m3 signaling significantly (0.82 +/- 0.19 -> 0.3 +/- 0.09 microampere, P < 0.05), it did not cause significant changes in ICl(Ca) through the m1 receptor (0.29 +/- 0.05 vs 0.23 +/- 0.09 microampere, P > 0.5). From a concentration-response curve, enflurane decreased m1 and m3 signaling dose-dependently. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that m1 and m3 muscarinic receptors were depressed by halothane, enflurane or isoglurane except for the fact that the m1 receptor was not affected by isoflurane.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Central Nervous System ; Electrodes ; Enflurane* ; Halothane* ; Isoflurane* ; Oocytes* ; Receptors, Muscarinic* ; RNA, Messenger ; Xenopus*