Carp which receive intraperitoneal injections of sodium alginate show a high survival rate after being challenged with Edwardsiella tarda. To elucidate the immunoenhancement by sodium alginate, its effects on the non-specific defense system of carp were investigated. Sodium alginate had little influence either on the activity of the alternative complement pathway or on the phagocytic and respiratory burst activities of head kidney phagocytes (HKP), yet it greatly enhanced the migration of HKP to the peritoneal cavity (the site of injection) and concurrently elevated their phagocytic activity. The number of phagocytes mobilized by sodium alginate was 2 to 50 times greater than that by the well-known peritoneal exudate cell-eliciting agents when injected at the same dose. Accordingly, it is highly probable that the early elimination of challenge bacteria by such mobilized and activated phagocytes was responsible for the high survival rate of the alginateinjected fish. In chemotaxis assays, it was revealed that sodium alginate stimulated sorne leukocyte subpopulation (s) within the peritoneal cavity to produce and/or secrete chemotactic factor (s), while concurrently enhancing the sensitivity of HKP to the factor (s).
Bacteria ; Carps* ; Chemotaxis ; Complement Pathway, Alternative ; Edwardsiella tarda ; Exudates and Transudates ; Head Kidney ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Leukocytes ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Phagocytes ; Respiratory Burst ; Sodium* ; Survival Rate

To evaluate the relationship between p53 protein expression and proliferating activity in astrocytic tumors, we performed a study using 37 cases of astrocytic tumors; 13 cases of low-grade astrocytoma (LGA), 9 cases of anaplastic astrocytoma (ANA), and 15 cases of glioblastoma multiforme (GM). The p53 protein expression was studied by immunohistochemical staining (IHC) with DO-7 monoclonal antibody in 37 cases and p53 mutation was detected by single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) using PCR products of 31 cases. Proliferating activities were detected by Ki-67 (MIB-1) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Immunohistochemically, 24.3% (9/37) of astrocytic neoplasms showed p53 expression, which consisted of 7.7% (1/13) of LGA, 44.4% (4/9) of ANA, and 26.7% (4/15) of GM. The p53 expression was statistically significant between the tumor grades. p53 mutations on exon 5 were noted in 6 (19.4%) out of 31 cases of astrocytic tumors. Average indices of MIB-1 and PCNA were 1.5 2.6% and 7.0 10.1% in LGA, 10.0 12.7% and 23.7 23.2% in ANA, and 30.9 22.4% and 69.9 26.7% in GM, respectively. p53 positive group by IHC showed significantly higher average MIB-1 (26.2 23.5%) and PCNA index (56.7 30.3%) than those (12.1 18.3%, 27.6 29.6%) of p53 negative group (p<0.05). p53 mutation group also showed significantly higher MIB-1 (30.7 26.0%) and PCNA index (55.5 32.6%) than those without p53 mutation (10.8 16.5%, 24.2 28.7% respectively). These results showed that about one-fifth of astrocytic tumors have p53 abnormalities, which were related with higher proliferating activities than those without p53 abnormalities.
Astrocytoma ; Exons ; Glioblastoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

No abstract available in English.
Classification ; Polydactyly

The antiarrhythmic effect of oral amiodarone was evaluated by 24-hr Holter monitoring in 12 patients with frequent and/or complex ventricular ectopy. Amiodarone was administered as following schedule; 600mg a day for the 1st week, 400mg a day for the 2nd week and 200mg a day, 5 days a week from the 3rd week. In 9 patients, the frequency of VPC decreased significantly or the grade of VPC changed to the more benign grade, so we considered them as "Effective Group" (75%). In 7 patients, both the frequency and the grade of VPC improved, so we considered them as "Excellent Group" (58%). No significant side effect was observed during investigation. We concluded that amiodarone is very effective antiarrhythmic drug and has no serious side effect during a short-term observation.
Amiodarone* ; Appointments and Schedules ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ; Humans

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic*

No abstract available.
gamma-Globulins* ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic*

To investigate the effect of tumor removal and administration of OK432 on the splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity in the subcutaneous tumor bearing rats, NK cell activity assay using a 4-hour 51Cr release assay and flow cytometric analysis for NK cell population were performed. The results were as follows: 1. Splenic NK cell activity and population in the subcutaneous tumor bearing rats decreased along with the growth of the tumor. 2. The rats with subcutaneous tumor removal showed decrease of splenic NK cell activity, but splenic NK cell population was not decreased. 3. In the rats with subcutaneous tumor removal and OK432 administration, splenic NK cell activity was significantly increased 1 week after administration of OK432 and then gradually returned to normal, whereas increase of NK cell population was not significant. In the present study, splenic NK cell activity was significantly decreased despite removal of subcutaneous tumor. But with the administration of OK432, splenic NK cell activity returned to normal. Considering the role of NK cells on the first line of defense against the metastatic implantation of circulating tumor emboli, we suggest that perioperative administration of immunopotentiator such as OK432 may improve the patient's outcome after surgery of human neoplasm.
Animals ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural* ; Picibanil* ; Rats* ; Spleen

In order to assess the biocompatibility of domestic dynamic compression plates and screws manufactured at KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technclogy), hematological, serological, histological, and metallurgical studies were carried out on sixty rabbits through thirty-two weeks. The rabbits were divided into two groups, group I: thirty rabbits for KAIST plates and screws, group II: thirty rabbits for Osteo plates and screws. The plate and screws were fixed on the fixed tibial shaft. All the resulg of hematological, serological, histological, and metallurgical study revealed that there were no meaningful differences between the two groups. This, in fact, enco.urages us to use domestic KAIST plates and screws clinically and to develop more complicated designs including total joint replacement system.
Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Joints ; Rabbits ; Stainless Steel

In vivo and in vitro culture of rat tumor chondrocytes is a good culture model for physiologic, pathologic and biochemical studies of tumor chondrocytes. Human tumor chondrocyte culture is another method, but it is difficult to maintain a cell line and in vivo culture. So called, Swarm Rat Chondrosarcoma, which wss developed spontaneously in a Spra-gue-Dawley rat and maintained by Dr. R. Swarm, can be cultured in vivo and in vitro at the same time. It is easy to maintain Swarm Rat Chondrosarcoma and is said that there are nearly no notable changes in cellular characteristics during consecutive cultures. In this study, in order to establish the basic culture method of rat tumor chondrocytes, the inoculated tumor mass were studied with swarm rat chondrosarcoma cell line which had been preserved at Orthopedic Research Laboratory of the Msssachusetts General Hospital. In vivo culture, injection of digested 1×10(6) cells, 1×10(7) cells and direct inoculation of tumor of mass were done at each 10 Sprague-Dawley rats group and examination was done at postinoculation 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 weeks. In vitro culture, 1×10(6)/ml, 2×10(6)/ml and 4×10(6)/ml concentration cell suspensions were plated at 96-well-plate and observed at 2, 3, 4 and S days with inverted microscope. The results of this study are as follows. 1. In vivo culture, the best result was observed at direct inoculation of tumor fragments among 1×10(6) cells, 1×10(7) cells and direct tumor fragments inoculation. 2. The ideal time of obtaining tumor mass growing in rsts is between 4 to 6 weeks after inoculation. 3. In vitro culture, the proper cell density in 96-well-plate was 1 x 10(6)/ml among 1×10(6)/ml, 2×10(6)/ml snd 4 × 10(6)/ml.
Animals ; Cell Count ; Cell Line ; Chondrocytes ; Chondrosarcoma ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Suspensions

No abstract available.
Empyema* ; Typhoid Fever* ; Urinary Bladder*