Asthama is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway with recurrent airflow obstruction. Chronic airway inflammation is invariably associated with injury and repair of the bronchial epithelium, which results in structural and functional changes known as remodeling Inflammation, remodeling, and altered neural control of the airway are responsible for both recurrent exacerbations of asthma and more permanent airflow obstruction. Asthma exacerbations may be caused by a variety of risk factors including allergens, pollutants, foods and drugs. Prevention of exacerbation aims to reduce the exposure to these risk factors to improve the control of asthma and reduce medication needs. Although no cure for asthma has yet been found, it is resonable to expect that in most patients with asthma, control of the disease can and should be achieved and maintained. Patient education involves a understanding of why and how to manage asthma and how to prevent asthma exacerbation. Medications for asthma can be administered in different ways, including inhaled, oral and parenteral. The major advantage of delivering drugs directly into the airways via inhalation is that high concentrations can be delivered more effectively to the airways, and systemic side effects are avoided or minimized. Therapy should be selected on the basis of the severity of a patient's asthma. According to the GINA guideline 2002, for intermittent asthma, no daily medication is reconmmended for the vast majority of patients. A rapid-acting inhaled β2-agonist may be taken as needed to relieve asthma symptoms. The occasional patient with intermittent asthma, but severe exacerbations, should be treated as having moderate persistent asthma. Patients with mild persistent asthma require controller medication every day to achieve and maintain control of their asthma. Treatment with an inhaled glucocorticosteroid is preferred. Sustained-relase theophyline cromolynes or a leukotriene modifier are other options. The preferred therapy for moderate persistent asthma is regular treatment with a combination of inhaled glucocorticosteroid and a long-acting inhaled glucocorticosteroid and a long-acting inhaled β2-agonist twice daily. Sustained-release theophyline or a leukotriene modifier are alternatives to the β2-agonist in this combination therapy. An alternative to combination therapy is a higher dose of inhaled glucocorticosteriod. The primary therapy for severe persistent asthma includes inhaled steroids at higher doses plus a long acting inhaled β2-agonist twice daily. Any available medications including oral steroid may be added to control asthma symptoms. Once control of asthma is achieved and maintained for at least 3 months, a gradual reduction of the maintenance therapy should be tried.
Allergens ; Asthma* ; Cromolyn Sodium ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Inhalation ; Patient Education as Topic ; Risk Factors ; Steroids

No abstract available.
Clinical Laboratory Techniques* ; Tuberculosis*

Neurilemmoma is usually a solitary nerve sheath tumor, most often seen in adults. Tl: neurilemmomas of the oral cavity have been reported to develop on the tongue, buccal m7; Cosa, palate, gingiva, floor of the mouth, and lower lip, in order of frequency. We describe 7-year-old boy witlf an asymptomatic, solitary neurilemmoma on his upper lip with a brit: review of the literature. Neurilemmoma should be considered as one of the tumors that ca develop on children's lips.
Adult ; Child ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Lip* ; Male ; Mouth ; Neurilemmoma* ; Palate ; Tongue

A 2-month-old female infant presented with a bluish-black, flat, hairy patch, 1.2cm in diameter, on the posterior aspect of her neck since birth. Histologic sections from the lesion showed numerous diffusely scattered dermal melanocytes throughout the dermis. The histopathologic and clinical findings were not fully oonsistent with any other known dermal melanocytosis. The diagnosis of “hairy blue nevus” was proposed for this unique lesion.
Dermis ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Melanocytes ; Neck ; Nevus, Blue* ; Parturition

Rectus sheath hematoma is an uncommon entity of the anterior abdominal wall and an unusual cause of painful abdominal mass. Rectus sheath hematoma have been in association with trauma, infections, debilitating disease, collagen vascular disease, pregnancy. and the puerperium. Sudden disruption of a deep epigastric vessel may result in an abdominal wall hematoma, which depending upon its location and size, can produce symptoms and clinical findings compatible with a variety of acute intra-abdominal conditions. Such hematoma are infrequently encountered and early accurate diagnosis could prevent surgical intervention. Unfortunately, the clinical manifestations of rectus muscle hematoma are sometimes so dramatic that laparotomy is performed under the belief that intra-abdominal pathology is present. The diagnosis was confirmed at surgery in both patient. We present two cases of rectus sheath hematoma which were diagnosed by clinical & ultrasound examination preoperatively.
Abdominal Wall ; Collagen Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Hematoma* ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Pathology ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Ultrasonography ; Vascular Diseases

No abstract available.
Colorectal Neoplasms*

Solitary morphea profunda is a rare form of scleroderma, characterized clinically by a solitary sclerotic plaque, and histologically by marked dermal and subcutaneous fibrosis with an inflammatory infiltrate. We describe another case of this entity presented with an ulcerative, indurated plaque on the left iliac crest, which histologically revealed a focal incidental acantholysis in the overlying epidermis and a marked eosinophilic infiltration through the dermis to the sub-cutaneous tissue.
Acantholysis* ; Dermis ; Eosinophils ; Epidermis ; Fibrosis ; Scleroderma, Localized* ; Ulcer

Tbe presence of certain HPV types in the female genital tract was associated with a number of diseases, including condyloma, cervical, vaginal and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma. It is generally accepted that these viruses are predominantly sexually transmitted. HPV cannot be cultured in vitro, and immunological tests are inadequate. Indirect evidence of anogenital HPV infection can be obtained through the physical examination and by the presence of characteristic cellular changes associated with viral replication in Pap smear or biopsy specimens. Alternately cervical scrapes can be analyzed by nucleic acid hybridization to directly detect the presence of HPV DNA, Historically, HPV 16 and HPV 18 have been regarded as high risk cancer associated HPVs and HPV types 6, 11, 42, 43 and 44 as low risk HPVs. Subsequently HPV types 31, 33, 34, 35, 45, 51, 52, 56 and 58 have been demonstrated to have and intemediate association with cancer, This study was performed for high and intermediate types HPV DNA detection on cervical carcinoma with Virapap Probe B. HPV DNA were detected 82.3% on cervical carcinoma and 7,1% on control samples. HPV DNA test will be apply as a triage for cervical cancer detecting test.
Biopsy ; DNA ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests ; Humans* ; Immunologic Tests ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Papilloma* ; Physical Examination ; Triage ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Appendicitis* ; Child* ; Humans

A clinical observation was made on the renal tumors of the in-patients in the Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital during the period October, 1965 through September, 1967 and the following results were obtained. 1. During the period, of 300 cases (227 males and 73 females) hospitalized, 10 cases had tumors of the kidneys giving a rate of 3.3%. Among the 10 cases 7 cases were male and 3 cases were female with ratio of 2.3 to 1. 2. Age distribution ranged from 2 years to 67 years with average of 40 years. Of 10 cases, 5 cases or 50% were seen by us at the ages of 50 years or more. 3. Tumors involved right and left kidneys equally. 4. The most common complaints on admission were hematuria and pain followed by palpable mass. 5. Excretory urogram was taken in all patients. In 5 cases the diseased kidney was not visualized. Remaining 5 cases gave compression deformities compatible with renal tumor. 6. All patients underwent nephrectomy and two of them had postoperative x-ray irradiation. 7. Renal cell carcinoma is observed in 7 cases, Wilms' tumor in 2 cases and leiomyofibrolipoangioma, so called hamartoma, in 1 case.
Age Distribution ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Hamartoma ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Seoul ; Urology ; Wilms Tumor