Ideal results of augmentation mammaplasty consist of symmetry, natural shape, soft feeling and inconspicuous scar. In addition, patient's preferences about size and shape should be included. Static implants could not perfectly satisfy patients' desires for size and shape, but expandable implants enable to change the volume after the operation. From September 2001 to September 2004, 76 patients(150 breasts) underwent breast augmentation using permanent expandable implant. The procedure was unilateral in 2 women and bilateral in 74 women. Age ranged from 19 to 50 years(mean, 29 years). Fifty nine patients underwent simple augmentation mammaplasty, 7 patients were corrected of their severe asymmetry, 2 patients with the congenital breast deformity underwent mammaplasty using this, and 2 patients who had undergone unilateral mastectomy were reconstructed of their breasts using expandable implant. There were no definite complications such as capsular contracture, implant rupture, asymmetry. And there reported little dissatisfaction about the size. The permanent expandable implants might be good alternatives in cases of ordinary breast augmentation as well as tissue deficient patients, asymmetry, congenital anomaly, and breast reconstruction.
Breast* ; Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Implant Capsular Contracture ; Mammaplasty ; Mastectomy ; Rupture

Complications of mandibular angle contouring may include damage to the inferior alveolar nerve. This study was undertaken to quantify the path of the inferior alveolar nerve in the normal human mandible and in the mandibles of patients presenting for cosmetic reduction of the mandibular angles. The study was based upon the panorama radiography of 20 normal population (ten men, ten women) and 20 patients (ten men, ten women) complaining of square face. Using panorama radiographs and paper tracing, the distance from the "A" point (Fig. 1) to the inferior alveolar nerve was recorded within its mandibular osseous canal in the mandibular angle. The nerve was identifiable in each ramus. The average distance between A point and the other points along the osseous canal is 21.48mm. Therefore together with an additional margin of several millimeters, it is important to maintain a safe distance of at least an inch (25mm) between the saw and the anterior border of the ramus. From our clinical experiences, we are suggesting that this "1 inch maneuver" to be very helpful in avoiding injury to the inferior alveolar nerve, especially for the novice surgeon.
Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Mandibular Nerve* ; Radiography ; Radiography, Panoramic

PURPOSE: To determine the characteristic CT findings of infectious sacroiliitis and ankylosing spondylitis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We retrospectively reviewd CT findings in 10 patients with infectious sacroiliitis confirmed by culture and clinical follow ups and in 5 patients with ankylosing spondylitis by HLA-B27 typing. Mean ages were 30 years in ankylosing spondylitis and 29 years in infectious sacroiliits. CT scans were obtained with GE 9800 or Toshiba 900-S scanner. We analyzed CT findings in regard to the morphology and the degree of bone erosion, and the adjacent soft tissue change. RESULT: All cases of ankylosing spondylitis had bilateral and asymmetic bone erosion, predominantly in ilium, showing subchondral sclerosis on ilium. Infectious sacroiliitis showed unilateral involvement and soft tissue swelling in 10 cases and abscess in 5 cases. CONCLUSION: We concluded that CT was useful in the differentiation between infectious sacroiliitis and ankylosing spondylitis.
Abscess ; Follow-Up Studies ; HLA-B27 Antigen ; Humans ; Ilium ; Retrospective Studies ; Sacroiliitis* ; Sclerosis ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The absence of the nipple-areolar complex(NAC) in men are seldom stated, as a result of trauma, burn, mastectomy, or after the correction of extreme bilateral gynecomastia. A total of 50 healthy men aged 21 to 27 years were examined. We recorded the configuration (dimensions and shape) and the location of the NAC with respect to fixed skeletal anatomic landmarks. Of the 50 subjects examined, 44 had oval and 6 had a round NAC. The mean diameter for a round NAC was 24.3 mm. The center of the NAC was in the fourth intercostal space in 41 volunteers and in the fifth intercostal space in 9 of the subjects. To localize the NAC on the chest wall, at least three reproducible measurements proved to be necessary, composed of a horizontal line(distance from the midsternal line to the nipple, A), a medial oblique line(distance from the sternal notch to the nipple, B) and a lateral oblique line(distance from the acromioclavicular joint to the nipple, C). Using these three parameters, we recommend that the appropriate location can be calculated derived from the circumference of the chest.
Acromioclavicular Joint ; Adult* ; Anatomic Landmarks ; Burns ; Gynecomastia ; Humans ; Male ; Mastectomy ; Nipples ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax ; Volunteers

A cosmetically pleasing shape of the umbilicus is essential, especially in aesthetic operation. Umbilical restoring should always be aimed at creating an umbilicus of sufficient depth and good morphology with less scarring. But such a goal is often difficult to attain. The author's reduction umbilicoplasty is a useful technique in case of abnormal large umbilicus after abdominoplasty. The operation renders better aesthetic result. Technically, the procedure is easy to do and learn. The important steps are the following; the first step is reduction of original umbilicus' circle. The second step is umbilical fixation to the fascia wall using anchoring suture. The third step is cinching suture for decrease "the window" of abdominal flap and this step is more important than other steps. Finally, the suture performed between "the window" and reduced umbilicus. I operated the abdominal large umbilicus using above reduction umbilicoplasty. So, I reviewed that case and discussed the literatures.
Abdominoplasty* ; Cicatrix ; Fascia ; Sutures ; Umbilicus*

Reconstruction of the umbilicus is not a frequent event. Umbilical restoring should always be aimed at creating an umbilicus of sufficient depth and good morphology(circular and cylinder shape) with less scarring. A wide range of techniques has been described to reconstruct neoumbilicus; nevertheless, a perfect result is difficult to obtain. I provide another alternative to reconstruct the umbilicus using defatting, anchoring and purse-string suture. The important steps are the following; the first step is defatting of 2.0cm umbilicus' circle. The second step is to umbilical fixation to the fascia wall using anchoring suture. The third step is purse-string suture to decrease new formative umbilicus and to make the circular and cylinder shape umbilicus. The author's method is a simple, easy and useful technique and renders better aesthetic result. So, I reviewed two cases and discussed the literatures.
Cicatrix ; Fascia ; Sutures* ; Umbilicus*

No abstract available.
Bronchial Arteries* ; Hemoptysis*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the MR imaging appearance of the dural ligaments which is connected between the anterior dura mater and the posterior longitudinal ligament. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 10 cadavers with formalin fixation, the dural ligaments were evaluated and photographed after removal of the posterior element of the spinal canal. MR studies of 12 patients who had distinct dural ligaments were evaluated. Spin-echo MR images were obtained on a 1. 5T unit. RESULTS: In seven of the ten cadavers, the midline dural ligament was observed; the lateral dural ligament was observed in 3 cadavers. On MR, the dural ligaments were imaged as thin lines of low signal intensity between the anterior dural margin and the posterior longitudinal ligament. Dural ligaments were well-visualized at the level of the lower lumbar spine which had a more prominent anterior epidural space than that of the upper level of the spine. Eight of 12 cases had well developed midline dural ligaments. Two cases showed distinct lateral dural ligaments and the remaining 2 cases had distinct midline and lateral dural ligaments. CONCLUSION: MR images of the dural ligament demonstrate a thin low signal line at the anterior epidural space.
Cadaver* ; Dura Mater ; Epidural Space ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Spinal Canal ; Spine

Background : Health service needs for the elderly is rapidly increasing in Korea. Comprehensive functional status assessment is essential for effective and rational allocation of health service resources for the elderly. We assessed the validity of Korean version of Resident Assessment Instrument-Minimum Data Set Home Care Version(MDS-HC), which is comprehensive, client centered, and enabling the prediction of resources utilization.
Aged ; Dataset* ; Health Services ; Home Care Services* ; Humans ; Korea*

Although the surgical excision of the fat pad has been the mainstay of the management of lower palpebral bulge in cosmetic blepharoplasty, procedures that depend on fat removal may render the patient deficient of fat, with the appearance of a hollow orbit. The concept of fat conservation during lower blepharoplasty has been developed by several authors in recent years. Attenuated orbital septum was released along the arcus marginalis and transposed to cover the bony framework. The orbital septum meticulously sutured to the pre-periosteal soft tissue with 5-0 polyglactin. This technique of septal draping over the inferior orbital rim was performed in 30 consecutive individuals (60 lower eyelids) for an year period. The overall results obtained were satisfactory and morbidity was minimal.
Adipose Tissue ; Blepharoplasty* ; Humans ; Orbit* ; Polyglactin 910