No abstract available.
Nail-Patella Syndrome*

A new method is described which uses photo-electric matrix method to measure two-dimensional eye movements. This system is composed of the detector unit (monitor), matrix and correction circuits and stimulus generator. A light and small detector unit attached to the modified trial frame transduces positional informations and can be achieved head-mounting. The instrument operates in the infrared, so that it does not interfere with normal vision, and over a two-dimensional visual field to +/-15 degrees. A system for generating a fixed target whose velocity, displacement, form, intensity, and other characteristics can be varied systematically also is described. The operating procedures are described and operating records are shown. Electrical and optical modifications of the present system will make possibIe the measurement of more smaller movement of the eye. Extensions and improvement of the technique of measurement are discussed briefly.
Eye Movements* ; Visual Fields

The saccadic reaction times to the double-step stimuli were studied in three human subjects to ascertain the saccadic visual tracking characteristics. Responses to simple step and double-step target motions were measured where the target mode and stimulus durations were randomized. To measure the eye movement the Photo-electric Eye Monitor was constructed based on limbus tracking. The results indicate that observers represented two kind of responses (A-or B-type) depending upon the stimulus duration. The percentage of occurrances increased as the stimulus duration increased from 50 to 200 msec. When the subject responded to both target motions, the reaction time of the second saccade was shorter than that of the first. The successive visual information is to change continuously the reaction time or cancel the initial saccade. Our results revealed that parallel data processing characteristics of the visual tracking systems and the saccadic decision-makings are influenced by the temporal relationships.
Adult ; Eye Movements* ; Human ; Male ; Motion Perception* ; Reaction Time* ; Saccades* ; Visual Perception*

This study aims to investigate visual tracking task of Koreans to the various visual stimuli by measuring the horizontal saccadic reaction times. The measuring system consists of eye monitor using infra-red reflection technique, oscillographic recorder and forehead-chin fixation devices. The visual stimuli generated by target function generator displayed simple-step, pulsestep and double-step stimulus patterns. The results revealed that the sacoadic reaction time showed no significant changes between the size of target displacement within horizontal 20 degrees. Furthermore, no significant changes between the particular direction of stimulus could be found. The nominal value of reaction time was 259 +/- 25 msec.
Reaction Time

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate how interprofessional education has been designed, implemented, and evaluated in undergraduate programs in nursing through a systematic review. METHODS: The literature was searched using the PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane central databases to identify interventional studies including teaching-learning activities among nursing students and other disciplines in English between January 2000 and May 2017. Thirty studies were selected for the analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies out of 30 were designed as a pre-post, no control group, quasi-experimental study design. Interprofessional education learners were primarily engaged in medicine, physical therapy, dentistry, occupational therapy, pharmacy, and respiratory therapy. Patient care related activity was the most frequently selected topic and simulation was the most common teaching-learning method. Evaluation of learning outcomes was mainly based on the aspects of teams and collaboration, professional identity, roles and responsibilities, patient care, and communication skills. Nursing students in 26 out of the 30 reviewed studies were found to benefit from interprofessional education, with outcome effects primarily related to changes in learning outcomes. CONCLUSION: The development and integration of interprofessional education with collaborative practices may offer opportunities in nursing education for training professional nurses of the future.
Cooperative Behavior ; Education* ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Interprofessional Relations ; Learning ; Methods ; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Nursing* ; Occupational Dentistry ; Patient Care ; Pharmacy ; Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine ; Respiratory Therapy ; Students, Nursing*

BACKGROUND: QT dispersion(QTD : QTmax-QTmin) or JT dispersion(JTD:JTmax-JT-min)in 12 leads ECG has been known to reflect regional variations in ventricular repolarization and has been reported to bel one of the marker of regional myocardial ischemia. To evaluate the significance of QTD or JTD of exercise ECG in diagnosis of coronary artery disease, we studied 106 patients(mean age, 56.9 years old, male 63) who were referred for the evaluation of chest pain on exertion. METHOD: Treadmill exercise stress test with modified Bruce protocol and coronary angiography were performed in 106 patients with chest pain on exertion. ST-segment depression by >1.0 mm 0.08 second after J-point during or after exercise in exercise test and >50% stanosis of epicardial artery in coronary angiogram were defined as positive. Of 106 patients, 41 had positive exercise ECG and positive coronary angiogram(true positive, TP), 20 had positive exercise ECG and negative coronary angiogram(false positive, FT), 20 had negative exercise ECG and positive coronary angiogram(faalse negative, FN), and 23 had negative exercise ECG and negative coronary angiogram(true negative, Tn). QT and JT interval in 12 leads were measured at baseline and peakexercise and were corrected for heart rate using Bazett's formula. QTD and JTD were measured by calculation the difference between the maximum QT and mininum QT and that between maximum JT and minumum JT. RESULTS: QTD at baseline for TP(72.8ms)was prolonged compared to Tn(52.2ms,P<0.01), but was not different from that for FT(70.2 ms). At peak exercise, QTD for TP(81.3 msec) was significantly prolonged(p<0.01), while QTD for FP(71.2 msec) was not different from that for TN(56.8 msec). JTD at baseline(78.4 msec) and at peak exercise(88.2 msec) for TP were significantly prolonged compared to those for TN(55.2msec and 55.1msec p<0.01,p<0.01, respectively), but those for FP were not porlonged(77.0msec and 79.0msec, respectively). QTD and JTD at peak exercise were more markedly prolonged in patients with sever stenosis of coronary artery(p=0.053 and p<0.05, repectively) and multivessels diseases(p<0.01, 0<0.05) than those with less severe disease and single vessel disease. Patients with left anterior descending artery lesion had greater QTD and JTD at peak exercise than those with other vessels lesion(p<0.01). In addition to standard criteria with ST segment displacement in exercise EGC, inclusion of exercise induced QTD of more than 60msec increased the sensitivity of exercise ECG from 66.7% to 83.3%, and JTD of more than 70msec increased the specificity from 52% to 76.0%. CONCLUSION: Measurement of QT dispersion and JT dispersion of exercise ECG may be useful method to identify the severity of coronary artery disease and to improve diagnostic accuracy of exercise ECG in coronary artery disease.
Arteries ; Chest Pain ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Electrocardiography* ; Exercise Test ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Sensitivity and Specificity

This is a report of 2-cases of mandibular prognathism corrected by Intraoral oblique splitting osteotomy of mandibular rami. The Intraoral oblique splitting osteotomy is a modification of sagittal split osteotomy of ramus and it is documented by Yoshida, on 1985. By this method, authors obtained the following results. 1. The patients' esthetic, psychological and functional problems were dissolved by setback of mandibular prognathism. 2. The postoperative infection splitted bone segments fracture, paresthesia of the face and T.M.J. dysfunction were not appeared. 3. Postoperative intermaxillary fixation was maintained for 8 weeks. The patients could open their mouths in normal range after a week of intermaxillary fixation removal. 4. The soft tissue changes of lower lip and chin were about 1:1 to the hard tissue changes. 5. During intermaxillary fixation period and postoperative orthodontic treatment, slight relapse was observed. Now, the patients are under postoperative orthodontic treatment.
Chin ; Humans ; Lip ; Methods ; Mouth ; Osteotomy* ; Paresthesia ; Prognathism* ; Recurrence ; Reference Values

Most complications of carotid endarterectomy originate from either thrombotic or embolic ischemia. Although the incidence of hemorrhagic hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid endarterectomy is extremely rare, it can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Several mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome including impaired cerebral autoregulation and normal pressure breakthrough. Presently, a different mechanism is suggested. Unfortunately, suggestions for prevention are limited to strict perioperative control of hypertension in patients with critical stenosis and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. We report hypertensive-like ipsilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage after carotid endarterectomy.
Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Endarterectomy, Carotid ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Ischemia

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate abrasion of Icon(R) infiltrated, sound bovine enamel by using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) after toothbrush abrasion tests. METHODS: Sound bovine enamel specimens whose Vickers Hardness Number ranged from 280 to 320 were prepared. To measure abrasion, specimens were allocated to groups on the basis of tooth brushing stroke frequencies. Tooth brushing stroke frequencies were categorized into 5 groups: 1,800, 5,400, 10,800, 21,600 and 43,200 strokes. Both infiltration depth of Icon(R) and the abrasion depth were measured by CLSM. RESULTS: Mean infiltration depth of Icon(R) for sound bovine enamel was 98.6 microm. There was no statistically significant difference in enamel abrasion depth between groups with 5,400 strokes and 10,800 strokes, but the abrasion depth increased with further increase in tooth brushing stroke frequencies (P<0.001). The mean abrasion depth of resin infiltrated bovine enamel after 43,200 tooth brushing strokes was 17.45 microm. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of abrasion after 43,200 tooth brushing strokes, which corresponds to brushing 3 times a day for 4 years, was less than 20 microm. This result suggests that abrasion by tooth brushing would not be a clinical problem for resin infiltrated enamel.
Dental Caries ; Dental Enamel ; Hardness ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Stroke ; Tooth

This study aims to ascertain the human saccadic visual tracking characteristics by measuring the eye movement to the double-step stimuli. Responses to simple step and double-step target motions were measured where the target mode and stimulus durations were randomized. To measure the eye movement the Photo-electric Eye Monitor was constructed based on limbus tracking. The results indicate that observers represented two kind of responses (A-or B-type) depending upon the stimulus duration. The percentage of occurrances increased as the stimulus duration increased from 50 to 200 msec. When the subject responded to both target motions, the reaction time of the second saccade was shorter than that of the first. The successive visual information is to change continuously the reaction time or cancel the initial saccade. Our results revealed that parallel data processing characteristics of the visual tracking systems and the saccadic decision-makings are influenced by the temporal relationships.
Eye Movements ; Humans* ; Reaction Time ; Saccades