In our hospital, we experienced a case of left solitary cystic kidney. She was sixty years old woman. Her chief complaints were dull pain on left upper abdomen, terminal dysuria. tenesmus. and frequency. Cyst was situated to lower pole of kidney. Cyst was dissected from renal parenchyma. It contained about 250cc serous and clear cystic fluid, Post-operative general condition was good and her chief complaints were disappeared almostly.
Abdomen ; Bone Cysts* ; Dysuria ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney*

No abstract available.
Humans

PURPOSE: To determine the characteristic CT findings of infectious sacroiliitis and ankylosing spondylitis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We retrospectively reviewd CT findings in 10 patients with infectious sacroiliitis confirmed by culture and clinical follow ups and in 5 patients with ankylosing spondylitis by HLA-B27 typing. Mean ages were 30 years in ankylosing spondylitis and 29 years in infectious sacroiliits. CT scans were obtained with GE 9800 or Toshiba 900-S scanner. We analyzed CT findings in regard to the morphology and the degree of bone erosion, and the adjacent soft tissue change. RESULT: All cases of ankylosing spondylitis had bilateral and asymmetic bone erosion, predominantly in ilium, showing subchondral sclerosis on ilium. Infectious sacroiliitis showed unilateral involvement and soft tissue swelling in 10 cases and abscess in 5 cases. CONCLUSION: We concluded that CT was useful in the differentiation between infectious sacroiliitis and ankylosing spondylitis.
Abscess ; Follow-Up Studies ; HLA-B27 Antigen ; Humans ; Ilium ; Retrospective Studies ; Sacroiliitis* ; Sclerosis ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

GnRH test was performed in male hypogonadism which included hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, Kallmann's syndrome, oligospermia and azoospermia, total 24 cases. The results were as follows: 1. GnRH test is most useful in the evaluation of patients with suspected gonadotropins deficiency. 2. GnRH test is helpful in the differentiation of hypothalamic from pituitary disorder, but single GnRH test does not reliably differentiate. 3. GnRH test facilitate the differentiation between delayed puberty and isolated gonadotropins deficiency. 4. GnRH test is useful in the evaluation of patients with oligospermia or azoospermia, especially with normal basal hormone level, to diagnose the primary lesion. 5. GnRH test is valuable in the determination of treatment modality in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and infertile men.
Azoospermia ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Hypogonadism* ; Infertility, Male ; Kallmann Syndrome ; Male* ; Oligospermia ; Pituitary Diseases ; Puberty, Delayed

GnRH test was performed in male hypogonadism which included hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, Kallmann's syndrome, oligospermia and azoospermia, total 24 cases. The results were as follows: 1. GnRH test is most useful in the evaluation of patients with suspected gonadotropins deficiency. 2. GnRH test is helpful in the differentiation of hypothalamic from pituitary disorder, but single GnRH test does not reliably differentiate. 3. GnRH test facilitate the differentiation between delayed puberty and isolated gonadotropins deficiency. 4. GnRH test is useful in the evaluation of patients with oligospermia or azoospermia, especially with normal basal hormone level, to diagnose the primary lesion. 5. GnRH test is valuable in the determination of treatment modality in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and infertile men.
Azoospermia ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Hypogonadism* ; Infertility, Male ; Kallmann Syndrome ; Male* ; Oligospermia ; Pituitary Diseases ; Puberty, Delayed

Male hypogonadism refers to decrease in Leydig cell function, diminished or absent spermatogenesis, or both in tandem. The results of clinical investigation on 29 patients with male hypogonadism seen in urology department of Severance hospital from May, 1980 to August, 1982 are reported. The results were as follows; 1. Physical findings varied according to whether onset occurred before or after puberty. 2. The major physical finding was delay in sexual maturation. In addition, gynecomastia was found in 7 cases, hyposmia or anosmia in 4 cases, secondary bilateral anorchia in 4 cases, cryptorchidism in 3 cases and mental retardation in 1 case. 3. In patients with hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism (eunuch group), testicular volume was 2.5 +/- 0.8 ml. In patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (eunuchoid group), testicular volume was 2.4 +/- 1.8ml. 4. In patients with hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, penile length was 4.4 +/- 1.2cm. In patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, penile length was 2.8 +/- 1.4cm. 5. In patients with hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, serum FSH was 62.4 +/- 20.5mlU/ml, serum LH 65.0 +/- 23.6mlU/ml, serum testosterone 1.6 +/- 1.4ng/ml and serum prolactin 10.2 +/- 4.2ng/ml. In patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, serum FSH was 3.5 +/- l.9mlU/ml, serum LH 5.3 +/- 2.8mlU/ml and serum testosterone 0.9 +/- 0.6ng/ml. 6. The cause of hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism was Klinefelter's syndrome in 5 cases, prepubertal traumatic bilateral anorchisms in 2 cases, postpubertal bilateral anorchisms for seminoma or torsion in 2 cases. Testicular atrophy was found in 3 cases, 2 cases having past history of mumps orchitis and 1 case having past history of trauma. In 3 cases, no etiology could be identified. 7. The causes of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism was a kallmann's syndrome in 4 cases. In two other cases, a pituitary lesion was suspected but could not be confirmed due to absence of pituitary hormone reserve function test. Two cases were identified as gonadotropin deficiency with growth hormone deficiency. 8. In patients with hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, androgen replacement therapy with a testosterone preparation was performed. After the treatment, improvement of male secondary sex characteristics such as hair growth, voice change, enlargement of penis size and scrotum size was noted. Promotion and maintenance of sexual potency was also noted. 9. The patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism were treated with androgen, HCG or HCG and HMG. However, due to the short period of therapy and follow-up, no firm conclusions about treatment efficacy in this group can be drawn. However, the best therapy to promote fertility should have been human chorionic gonadotropin combined with human menopausal gonadotropin. In conclusion, it appears that long-term treatment with androgen preparation promotes sexual potency and improves male secondary sex characteristics in hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism. In addition, long-term treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin combined with human menopausal gonadotropin may provide an efficient means of treating patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism to obtain potency and fertility.
Adolescent ; Atrophy ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Cryptorchidism ; Fertility ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gonadotropins ; Growth Hormone ; Gynecomastia ; Hair ; Humans ; Hypogonadism* ; Intellectual Disability ; Kallmann Syndrome ; Klinefelter Syndrome ; Male* ; Mumps ; Olfaction Disorders ; Orchitis ; Penis ; Prolactin ; Puberty ; Scrotum ; Seminoma ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Maturation ; Spermatogenesis ; Testosterone ; Treatment Outcome ; Urology ; Voice

This paper concerns professional socialization of medical students. Professional socialization, in the context of this paper, means the process through which a layperson becomes a doctor equipped with professional identity and values. While medical education does not include such process in the curriculum, medical students obtain certain values and identity informally. The dependent variables were professional values and professionalism. The former means the desirable attributes required to conducting professional works such as humane attitudes, science-oriented mind, capability for organizational management. The latter means socio-political reasoning with which doctors can rationalize their privileges such as autonomy. A specially designed questionnaire was developed. The data were collected from five medical schools for 1,318 students in 1994. A total of 1,070 cases were finally included in the statistical analysis. The students emphasized the human factor in the professional values. Their attitude did not change with the grade. Other independent variables such as motives for entering a medical school, socioeconomic status, satisfaction with medical education, etc. also did not influence professional values. It implies that professional values were not consolidated among the students. However, the factors of professionalism change significantly with the grade. It implies that the students paid more attention to socio-political issues related to doctor`s interests as the grade went up. And the factor scores for professionalism were higher for those students who had more positive attitude towards doing medical practice for profit, expected higher income, and were more conservative about social reform. Other independent variables did not influence professionalism. It seems that the students also give emphasis on professionalism, like current medical doctors, mainly because of their concern with recent unfavorable changes in economic conditions of medical care providers.
Curriculum ; Education, Medical ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Schools, Medical ; Social Class ; Socialization* ; Students, Medical*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the MR imaging appearance of the dural ligaments which is connected between the anterior dura mater and the posterior longitudinal ligament. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 10 cadavers with formalin fixation, the dural ligaments were evaluated and photographed after removal of the posterior element of the spinal canal. MR studies of 12 patients who had distinct dural ligaments were evaluated. Spin-echo MR images were obtained on a 1. 5T unit. RESULTS: In seven of the ten cadavers, the midline dural ligament was observed; the lateral dural ligament was observed in 3 cadavers. On MR, the dural ligaments were imaged as thin lines of low signal intensity between the anterior dural margin and the posterior longitudinal ligament. Dural ligaments were well-visualized at the level of the lower lumbar spine which had a more prominent anterior epidural space than that of the upper level of the spine. Eight of 12 cases had well developed midline dural ligaments. Two cases showed distinct lateral dural ligaments and the remaining 2 cases had distinct midline and lateral dural ligaments. CONCLUSION: MR images of the dural ligament demonstrate a thin low signal line at the anterior epidural space.
Cadaver* ; Dura Mater ; Epidural Space ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Spinal Canal ; Spine

Congenital urethral polyps are uncommon cause of urethral obstruction in male subjects. And polyps of the anterior urethra are considerably less common than those of the posterior urethra. Here in we report a case of anterior urethral polyps in a child with brief review of the literature.
Child* ; Humans ; Male ; Polyps* ; Urethra ; Urethral Obstruction

PURPOSE: We analyzed time series changes in cataract surgeries in Korea, and provide basic data to enhance the efficiency of medical services for cataract surgery. METHODS: Among cataract surgery statistics registered in the Korean National Health Insurance Cooperation from 2006 to 2012, we used data regarding the number of patients and operations and the number of patients and operations per 100,000 people. We analyzed various time series changes, including differences by sex and age. RESULTS: The total numbers of patients from 2006 to 2012 by year were 207,370; 228,170; 250,289; 268,548; 289,867; 308,111; and 302,182, respectively. The total numbers of operations from 2006 to 2012 by year were 272,920; 305,807; 338,332; 365,874; 398,338; 428,158; and 420,905, respectively. The number of patients and operations per 100,000 people were highest in men 80 to 84 years old and women 75 to 79 years old. Comparing the number of operations in 2006 and after, the patient age group with the highest increase rate changed from over 85 years old to 75–79 years old since 2010 in men and from over 85 years old to 50–54 years old since 2009 in women. For each year investigated, the number of operations performed was higher than the number of patients who received operations. CONCLUSIONS: Over the study period, the number of cataract surgeries increased, while the age of cataract patients decreased. Additionally, the number of cataract-related surgeries increased in relation to the number of patients.
Cataract Extraction ; Cataract* ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; National Health Programs