No abstract available.
Appendicitis* ; Child* ; Humans

PURPOSE: Daegu, Korea was severely affected by pandemic and post-pandemic H1N1 infection during August 2009 to March 2012. The aim of this study was to analyze various clinical characteristics of patients who visited the emergency department with H1N1 infection during the first three years, and to compare the results for each year. We then performed an evaluation of the differences. METHODS: The medical records of patients who visited our emergency department and conformed to H1N1 virus infection by conventional rRT-PCR during the pandemic wave from August 2009 to March 2010(wave 1) and post-pandemic waves from August 2010 to March 2011(wave 2) and from August 2011 to March 2012(wave 3) were reviewed. A total of 986 patients (wave 1; 840, wave 2; 144, wave 3; 2) were included in this study. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, proportions of pneumonia, admission rate, relationships with underlying medical conditions, and requirement for mechanical ventilation of the infected patients, and then performed a statistical evaluation of the differences between wave 1 and wave 2 that was severely affected. RESULTS: During wave 1,840 patients, during wave 2, 144 patients, and during wave 3, two patients were diagnosed as novel influenza. Age 18-39 showed a significantly higher rate(78.7%) in the wave 1 patients group. Main clinical symptoms were cough and febrile sense in both waves. Patients with underlying medical conditions in wave 2(97 cases, 67.4%) showed a higher rate than those of wave 1(101 cases, 12.0%). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder was the most closely related underlying disorder in wave 2(18.8%). Patients requiring admission(37.5%) and ventilatory care(6.9%) due to severe pneumonic symptoms showed a significantly higher rate in wave 2. Only two young patients were diagnosed as novel influenza. Both complained of mild fever and cough, which recovered spontaneously. CONCLUSION: Most cases of influenza A (H1N1) infection were uncomplicated, characterized by influenza-like symptoms and spontaneous recovery. The number of patients showed a marked decreased year by year, however, the severity of clinical presentations increased in wave 2. Young adults who did not have cross-reactive antibodies to novel influenza A (H1N1) from previous infection or immunization were dominant in wave 1. Older patients with underlying medical conditions were more likely to admitted and present fatal progress in wave 1 and wave 2. Because influenza viruses are unpredictable, continued national preparedness, flexible response, and careful monitoring are essential.
Antibodies ; Cough ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Daegu ; Epidemiology ; Fever ; Humans ; Immunization ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human* ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Observational Study* ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Pandemics* ; Pneumonia ; Respiration, Artificial ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Daegu, Korea was severely affected by pandemic and post-pandemic H1N1 infection during August 2009 to March 2012. The aim of this study was to analyze various clinical characteristics of patients who visited the emergency department with H1N1 infection during the first three years, and to compare the results for each year. We then performed an evaluation of the differences. METHODS: The medical records of patients who visited our emergency department and conformed to H1N1 virus infection by conventional rRT-PCR during the pandemic wave from August 2009 to March 2010(wave 1) and post-pandemic waves from August 2010 to March 2011(wave 2) and from August 2011 to March 2012(wave 3) were reviewed. A total of 986 patients (wave 1; 840, wave 2; 144, wave 3; 2) were included in this study. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, proportions of pneumonia, admission rate, relationships with underlying medical conditions, and requirement for mechanical ventilation of the infected patients, and then performed a statistical evaluation of the differences between wave 1 and wave 2 that was severely affected. RESULTS: During wave 1,840 patients, during wave 2, 144 patients, and during wave 3, two patients were diagnosed as novel influenza. Age 18-39 showed a significantly higher rate(78.7%) in the wave 1 patients group. Main clinical symptoms were cough and febrile sense in both waves. Patients with underlying medical conditions in wave 2(97 cases, 67.4%) showed a higher rate than those of wave 1(101 cases, 12.0%). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder was the most closely related underlying disorder in wave 2(18.8%). Patients requiring admission(37.5%) and ventilatory care(6.9%) due to severe pneumonic symptoms showed a significantly higher rate in wave 2. Only two young patients were diagnosed as novel influenza. Both complained of mild fever and cough, which recovered spontaneously. CONCLUSION: Most cases of influenza A (H1N1) infection were uncomplicated, characterized by influenza-like symptoms and spontaneous recovery. The number of patients showed a marked decreased year by year, however, the severity of clinical presentations increased in wave 2. Young adults who did not have cross-reactive antibodies to novel influenza A (H1N1) from previous infection or immunization were dominant in wave 1. Older patients with underlying medical conditions were more likely to admitted and present fatal progress in wave 1 and wave 2. Because influenza viruses are unpredictable, continued national preparedness, flexible response, and careful monitoring are essential.
Antibodies ; Cough ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Daegu ; Epidemiology ; Fever ; Humans ; Immunization ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human* ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Observational Study* ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Pandemics* ; Pneumonia ; Respiration, Artificial ; Young Adult

The factor VIII gene comprises 26 exons spanning 185kb of DNA located at the distal end of the long arm of the X-chromosome, Defects in this gene cause hemophilia A, a bleeding disorder affecting 1/10,000 males. Linkage analysis is known as an efective method for the prenatal diagnosis and for the identification of carrier status. Several polymorphic markers had been studied to establish the diagnostic procedure for hemophilia A in Korea, and heterozygosity of 96% could be expected with 4 markers such as St14.1/Taq I, intron 18/Bcl I, intron 22/Xba I and DX13/Bal II. But in some families, above markers were not informative, and it was required another polymorphic markers should be applied for the diagnosis. Two recently identified microsatellite polymorphisms in intron 13 and intron 22 of FVIII gene were investigated to increase the heterozygosity and to diagnose previously uninformative families. Intron 13(CA)n repeats polymorphism showed 7 alleles with expected heterozygosity of 0.5336. Intron 22(CA)n(TC)n repeats polymorphism showed 4 alleles with expected heterozygosity of 0.5146. With the two microsatellite polymorphisms we could expect the heterozygosity of 0.6756. And we could successfully perform prenatal diagnosis previously uninformative family with intron 13 microsatellite polymorphism. With 4 polymorphisms detected by polymerase chain rection(intron 13 and intron 22 microsatellite polymorphisms, intron 18/Bcl I and St14.1 VNTR/Taq I), about 97% of hemophilia A family in Korea would be diagnosed by linkage analysis.
Alleles ; Arm ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Exons ; Factor VIII* ; Hemophilia A ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Introns* ; Korea ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats* ; Prenatal Diagnosis

BACKGROUND: Frailty is considered to be a clinical syndrome characterized by decreased physiological reserves associated with a greater risk of health-related problems, hospitalization, and death. The current study examined hospitalization, falls, cognitive decline and disability between robust, prefrail and frail elderly in one year. METHODS: 110 participants aged 65 or more who visited two senior welfare centers in Seoul from February 2008 to June 2008 were surveyed again from March 2009 to June 2009 with demographic characteristics, number of chronic diseases and medication, study of osteoporotic fractures (SOF) frailty index, instrumental activity of daily living (IADL), depression, mini-mental state examination-Korean version (MMSE-K), falling history and admission history within one year. These results were compared with participants' previous survey done one year ago. RESULTS: Among total 110 subjects, 48 (44%) robust, 30 (27%) prefrail, and 32 (29%) frail subjects changed to 26 (24%), 54 (49%), and 30 (27%) respectively over the year. There were statistical significances in age, number of chronic disease, depressive mood, MMSE, falls, hospitalization, IADL disability contributing to frailty (P < 0.05). Frailty defined by SOF frailty index was associated with greater risk of adverse outcomes. Frail subjects had a higher age-adjusted risk of cognitive function decline (odds ratio [OR], 3.57), disability (OR, 9.64), fall (OR, 5.42), and hospitalization (OR, 4.45; P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: The frailty index like SOF frailty index might predict risk of falls, disability, hospitalization, and cognitive decline in the elderly, emphasizing special attention to the individuals showing frailty in outpatient examination.
Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Depression ; Frail Elderly ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; Outpatients ; Retrospective Studies

An 8-year-old female Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) reared in a wetland center, died 2 h after sudden onset of astasia and dyspnea despite medical treatment. Gross examination of internal organs revealed 10 adult filarioid nematodes in the right ventricle of the heart and three between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. All nematodes were identified as Dirofilaria immitis by direct microscopy and polymerase chain reaction assay. Histopathological observation revealed multifocal hemorrhage in the cerebral subarachnoid space and focal necrosis with hemorrhagein the cerebellar parenchyma. Although rare, veterinarians should consider cerebral dirofilariasis as a differential diagnosis in unexplained neurological cases.
Adult ; Animals ; Brain ; Cerebrum ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dirofilaria immitis ; Dirofilaria ; Dirofilariasis ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Heart ; Heart Ventricles ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Korea ; Microscopy ; Necrosis ; Otters ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Subarachnoid Space ; Veterinarians ; Wetlands

An 8-year-old female Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) reared in a wetland center, died 2 h after sudden onset of astasia and dyspnea despite medical treatment. Gross examination of internal organs revealed 10 adult filarioid nematodes in the right ventricle of the heart and three between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. All nematodes were identified as Dirofilaria immitis by direct microscopy and polymerase chain reaction assay. Histopathological observation revealed multifocal hemorrhage in the cerebral subarachnoid space and focal necrosis with hemorrhagein the cerebellar parenchyma. Although rare, veterinarians should consider cerebral dirofilariasis as a differential diagnosis in unexplained neurological cases.

Methods: In total, 55 patients with SIFs were retrospectively investigated in this study. The study population was divided into lumbosacral fusion (n=20) and non-fusion (n=35) groups. Subsequently, the patients’ demographic characteristics, comorbidities, medication history, results of diagnostic imaging studies, and bone mineral density were assessed. The fracture patterns were classified either according to the five typical types (H-pattern bilateral vertical plus horizontal component, unilateral vertical only, bilateral vertical only, unilateral vertical plus horizontal component, and horizontal only fracture) or atypical types. Results: In total, 44 of 55 patients (80%) suffered from more than one senile disease and received corresponding medications that caused secondary osteoporosis. A total of 12 patients had S1 lumbosacral fixation. Moreover, three of these 12 patients who developed a SIF immediately after a lumbosacral fracture had an unstable sacral U fracture. The remaining nine patients showed fracture patterns similar to the non-fusion patients. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) can identify fracture recurrence in previously healed fractures. In total, 24 patients (43.6%) had fractures of the pelvis, femur, and thoracolumbar spine. Conclusions SIF develops in elderly patients with multiple adult diseases that can induce secondary osteoporosis. Such fractures may occur in the patients with instrumented lumbosacral fusion. Importantly, some patients showed stress fractures after multilevel instrumented lumbosacral fusion, whereas others showed insufficiency fractures. The different fracture patterns correspond to different grades of SIF, and SPECT/CT can easily identify the fracture status.

Background: Cadherin-11, a cell-to-cell adhesion molecule, is associated with higher tumor grade and decreased patient survival. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of cadherin-11 expression in the progression and prognosis of a newly diagnosed primary glioblastoma (GBL). Methods: Between 2007 and 2016, 52 out of 178 patients diagnosed with a GBL and satisfied the following criteria: 1) a new primary GBL, 2) gross-total resection, 3) immunohistochemically-available tissue, and 4) standardized adjuvant treatment. Results: In terms of staining intensity, the low-intensity cadherin-11 group showed longer progression-free survival (PFS) than the high-intensity cadherin-11 group (median PFS, 12.0 months [95% CI, 11.1-12.9] vs. median PFS, 6.0 months [95% CI, 3.7-8.3]; p<0.001). The low-intensity cadherin-11 group revealed longer overall survival (OS) than the high-intensity cadherin-11 group (median OS, 20.0 months [95% CI, 11.8-16.6] vs. median OS, 15.0 months [95% CI, 11.8-18.2]; p=0.003). The staining intensity of cadherin-11 was a statistically significant factor in PFS and OS in terms of univariate and multivariate analyses (univariate analysis: p<0.001 and p=0.005; multivariate analysis: p<0.001 and p=0.005). Conclusion Our clinical study demonstrates high cadherin-11 expression may be associated with poor PFS and OS for a newly diagnosed primary GBL.

There have been several reports of complications of small bowel lymphoma, such as bleeding, obstruction, and perforation, often require emergency surgery. It is hardly showed complications of bleeding and wound dehiscence for diffuse large B cell lymphoma with distal ileum involvement, which needed urgent surgery and medical management. A 65-year-old man with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with distal ileum involvement experienced both intestinal bleeding and perforation during the course of treatment. As the patient was diagnosed with stage III disease, resection before chemotherapy was not considered due to the resulting delay in chemotherapy, which necessitated sufficient tissue healing. Chemotherapy is important when treating small bowel lymphoma, complications such as bleeding and perforation should always be considered for the treatment of small bowel lymphoma, and surgery is necessary in this situation. After surgery of the small bowel, subsequent chemotherapy could cause wound dehiscence and perforation; therefore, adequate recovery time should be given before chemotherapy.