No abstract available.
Animals ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome* ; Rats* ; Singapore*

Since Winslow and Edwards24) reviewed 20 cases of the arteriovenous fistulas involving temporal artery described in the world wide literatures up to 1934, several authors have added the cases sporadically, but the arteriovenous fistula of the superficial temporal artery is unusual to the head and neck surgeons. Recently we experienced one case of huge traumatic arteriovenous fistula involving the superficial temporal artery and present it here.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Head ; Neck ; Temporal Arteries*

During the five years from 1972 to 1976, 2308 cases of head injury were admitted to Han Kang Sung Shim Hospital and were treated in the department of neurosurgery. Of these, 1547 were adults aged 16 and over, and 761 were infants and children up to the age of 15. The results of clinical analysis of 761 cases of above series have been reported early in 1977. In this paper, a clinical analysis of 1547 adult cases of above series was performed and following results were obrained. 1) There were 1077 males and 470 females, and the proportion of male was much greater than female, male-female ratio was 2.3:1. 2) The age incidence was greater in the age group between 16 to 40, becoming maximal at the second decade. 3) Traffic accidents form by far the largest group (62%), and next are, in order of incidence, accidents due to blow or assault, fall from a height, simple fall, and industrial accidents. 4) Among the 1547 patients investigated, 20 of 1275 cases those conscious or confused on admission were died and 103 of 272 those semicomatose or comatose were died. 5) Skull fractures were seen in 504 cases, and nearly half of those, 242 or 48%, were linear fractures. 6) Of the 333 patients with intracranial hemorrhage or subdural hygroma, 181 were accompanied by skull fracture and epidural hematoma showed highest incidence, 80.46%. 7) Of 87 epidural hematoma, 69(79%) were found in the temporal and parietal fossae of the skulls, and of 70 subdural hematoma, 60(85.7%) were found in the parietal and temporal surface of brains. 8) Operation were carried out in 228 patients and surgical mortality was 24.5%, and subdural hematoma showed highest mortality, 40.0%. 9) Among the 228 surgical cases mortalities were 30% in those operation have been carried out within 6 hours of injury, 24% in those within hours 6 to 24, and 14% in those after 24 hours. The earlier the surgery had to be carried out, the higher operation mortality was noted. 10) The overall mortality in this series was 7.95%.
Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Adult* ; Brain ; Child ; Coma ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Female ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Male ; Mortality ; Neurosurgery ; Rabeprazole ; Skull ; Skull Fractures ; Subdural Effusion

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, clinical and laboratory findings of hereditary hemolytic anemia (HHA) in Korea from 1997 to 2006 and to develop the appropriate diagnostic approach for HHA. METHODS: By the use of questionnaires, information on the clinical and laboratory findings ofHHA diagnosed from 1997 to 2006 in Korea was collected and analyzed retrospectively. A total of 431 cases were enrolled in this study from 46 departments of 35 hospitals. RESULTS: The overall frequency of HHA did not change through the 10-year period for pediatrics but did show an increasing tendency for internal medicine. The overall male to female sex ratio did not show sex predominance (1.17:1), but a significant male predominance with a ratio of 1.49:1 was seen for pediatrics while a significant female predominance with a ratio of 1:1.97 was seen forinternal medicine. Of the total cases, 74.2% (282/431) were diagnosed before the age of 15 years. The etiologies of HHA were classified as red cell membrane defects, hemoglobinopathies, red cell enzyme deficiencies and unknown causes. There were 382 cases (88.6%) of red cell membrane defects with 376 cases (87.2%) of hereditary spherocytosis and 6 cases (1.4%) of hereditary elliptocytosis, 20 cases (4.6%) of hemoglobinopathies with 18 cases (4.2%) of beta-thalassemia, a case (0.2%) of alpha-thalassemia and a case (0.2%) of Hemoglobin Madrid, 7 cases (1.6%) of red cell enzyme deficiencies with 5 cases (1.2%) of glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency, a case (0.2%) of pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency and a case (0.2%) of enolase deficiency, and 22 cases (5.1%) of unknown causes. The most common chief complaint in pediatric patients was pallor and that in adult patients was jaundice. In the red cell membrane defect group of patients, the level of hemoglobin was significantly higher than in adult patients. The mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, corrected reticulocyte count, total and indirect bilirubin level and lactate dehydrogenase levels in the hemoglobinopathy group of patients were significantly lower than the values in the red cell membrane defect group of patients. The mean concentration of G-6-PD was 0.8+/-0.7U/1012RBC in the G-6-PD deficient patients, PK was 1.7U/1010 RBC in the PK deficient patient, and the level of enolase was 0.04U/g of Hb in the enolase deficient patient. CONCLUSION: The most prevalent cause of HHA in Korea during 1997 to 2006 was hereditary spherocytosis, but HHA by other causes such as hemoglobinopathy and red cell enzyme deficiency gradually increased with the development of molecular diagnostic methods and increasing general interest. However, the etiologies of HHA need to be pursued further in 5.1% of the patients. An systematic standard diagnostic approach is needed in a nationwide prospective study for correct diagnoses and appropriate management of HHA.
Adult ; alpha-Thalassemia ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital* ; beta-Thalassemia ; Bilirubin ; Cell Membrane ; Diagnosis ; Elliptocytosis, Hereditary ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Female ; Hemoglobinopathies ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Jaundice ; Korea* ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Male ; Oxidoreductases ; Pallor ; Pathology, Molecular ; Pediatrics ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Prevalence ; Pyruvate Kinase ; Reticulocyte Count ; Retrospective Studies* ; Sex Ratio ; Surveys and Questionnaires